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I have learnt that dementia is caused by several abnormalities of the brain such that the victims fail to function well intellectually thereby failing to conduct their daily activities and relationships in an effective normal manner. Some of the victims cannot control their emotions while others lose memory. This reflective...
Naturalistic observation provides a researcher with the possibility to observe people and the particular features of their appearance and behavior within the natural environment without controlling and regulating the situation. To receive more evidences related to the behavior of children, it is important to observe the definite age groups in...
Several stressors are usually associated with single-parent households. For example, one can mention financial difficulties, domestic violence, or child abuse. This paper will discuss such stressors as divorce and its impact on family and public health, in general. In particular, it is necessary to identify the risks to which children...
Abstract Depression is a health problem that is difficult to diagnose. One way to help improve the detection of diagnosis is to use a genogram. This method enables a person to determine the prevalence of a health problem in his or her family tree. Another important framework that can be...
Introduction The notion of stress is familiar to probably all people of the modern world. People experience stress on a daily basis. They face various situations that provoke stressful feelings and rise of emotions. The word “stress” is usually associated with something negative. However, stress is not always about something...
Factors Causing the Development of PTSD The phenomenon of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is traditionally defined as a “clinical disorder that may result after a person experiences a traumatic event” (Tsao, 2010, p. 204) and typically occurs in people, who have suffered major trauma. Despite being fraught with numerous consequences...
Psychologists seek to understand and identify why people behave the way they behave. Behaviours result from thoughts, which are influenced by certain factors and this is what psychologists seek to understand and analyse. Nevertheless, even though beliefs may determine one’s actions, beliefs alone cannot predict actions; similarly, actions alone cannot...
Introduction Psychology had a long history of development and co-existing with other fields of knowledge before becoming a separate academic discipline, molding its practice, and building up with different theories and approaches. This paper is to examine the origins and history of psychology and to compare and contrast the major...
Sometimes the self-assessment can become a challenging task, in particular when a person is so preoccupied and absorbed in everyday life with its problems, that he or she fails to note the obvious signs of something going wrong. For me, the results of psychological stress scale tests came as a...
Introduction Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning focuses on the study of observable behavior instead of the central mental occurrences (Henton & Iversen, 2011). In the theory, Skinner asserts that the behavior is better acknowledged through examining its causes and consequences. Even though the cause and effects relationship had already been...
Introduction According to Overholser (2010), one of the main contributors to the psychotherapy school of thought was Alfred Adler. This Viennese was born on February 7, 1870, and graduated from the University of Vienna with a Medical Degree in 1895. It is noted that, at first, Adler had opted to...
There is substantial progress in the endeavors to clarify how human development occurs. The individuals who study human advancement contend that it includes precisely distinguished stages which impose important social differences. There are several hypotheses and suggestions that are based on stage-situated human development. Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget,...
Description of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Findings Many people have a weakness of managing personal stress (Goleman, 2009). According to MacCann and Roberts (2008), majority of people check their emotions through honest speaking of their predicaments and mistakes. Frequent communication with close friends is mutually helpful since it makes a person...
Application of Tuckman Theory in a newly formed multidisciplinary child protection team According to Khatri, Tuckman Teambuilding Model tackles how a group works on a given project from its existence until it concludes the task (32). Initially, the theory comprised four stages. However, Tuckman incorporated the fifth phase to address...
Introduction Anxiety disorder is a clinical issue that needs psychiatric care and normally affects children and teenagers and has a prevalence rate of 3-24% (Cartwright, McNicol & Doubleday, cited in Alan & Kazdin, 2010, p. 61). Normally, anxiety disorders are chronic and recurrent and their only remedy is seeking medical...
Situational Events to Trigger PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder is a trauma-related disorder many people suffer regularly. The reason for this disorder affecting one in fourteen adults (Ford, 2009) is that PTSD can be caused by any terrifying event that a person experiences or witnesses. A person starts suffering from nightmares,...
Summary Bereavement can be defined as the psychological process that affects people when they lose someone who is very dear to them (Ollendick & Schroeder, 2012, p. 59). One should keep in mind that these experiences can be familiar to individuals struggling with such difficulties as divorce or severe physical...
The Situational Events that Trigger Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Post-traumatic stress disorders serve as the direct consequences of individual fear-provoking events that take place in the life of a particular person. In other words, the effects of multiple tragic events or dramatic incidents account for the feelings of helplessness and horror....
Hypothesis This experiment seeks to prove the hypothesis that human beings are romantically attracted to people they perceive different from them. The experiment will also seek to prove the Bem’s Exotic Becomes Erotic Theory. According to Bem (2010), sexual orientation of a person is not defined directly by the chromosomal...
Introduction Leadership is the way of directing people’s activities to accomplish the particular goal (Sawai, 2013). Every leader has to identify the primary motives of the group of people (Oliver, 2006). The behavioral perspective from the chosen article exemplifies the challenges and objectives of public health leadership. The Article Depicting...
Mourning (Bereavement) and Loss Loss can be taken as a phenomenon that is common to the human race, but the reactions of different people to it varies in the extents of the mourning and grief. Individuals and groups grieve using diverse techniques, ranging from dissimilar periods and unlike levels of...
Introduction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an interesting topic for discussion. It is a condition that develops after a traumatic experience and has various clinical manifestations. Such events could create certain psychological patterns that are not easily resolved. It happens because a person could have felt hopeless during an accident,...
Introduction According to Kubler-Ross & Kessler (2005), the grieving process takes five stages to be complete. These stages are denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The person grieving undergoes different experiences in each of the stages, but eventually sees the need to accept the reality. During the denial...
Summary People have varied reactions to the loss of loved ones. Diverse terms are used to describe the kind of conditions that people experience after losing their relatives. Some conditions include bereavement, uncomplicated bereavement, grief, complicated grief, and prolonged pain. Other conditions include traumatic grief, disenfranchised grief, primary loss, secondary...
Sternberg came up with practical intelligence in the 1980s, which refers to the ability of a person to cope with issues and events arising from everyday activities. Other scholars refer to this type of intelligence as common sense or intuition. Lay people term practical intelligence as street smart, which is...
Bereavement Mallon (2008) says that bereavement is the period that a mourner mourns the death of a loved one. It is the normal reaction to the loss or death of a loved one. This period often manifests as an emotional, social or physical event. In extreme cases, it manifests as...
Elderly abuse and child abuse take different forms, including physical and psychological. Physical and psychological forms of abuse present a variety of presentations. The common types of abuse that older people and children are subjected to include violence, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial or material abuse, discriminatory abuse, institutional abuse,...
Introduction Elder abuse and neglect is common occurrence in many places. The aging process has many challenges to different people and apart from the natural changes that occur physically, socially and psychologically, many elderly people are subjected to other inhumane conditions like abuse and neglect. These may take different forms,...
Introduction The work and struggle of human rights activists, investigators, policy-makers, NGOs, and promoters in the last few years have placed violence and abuse against women a priority subject to be tackled in the national arena. Sponsor organizations such as Healthy People 2020 and Florida Coalition against Domestic Violence offer...
Child and elder abuses are worldwide problems that are on the increase. Child abuse includes among others, child neglect and the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children. A cause of harm or a serious risk of harm to an elder person due to any deliberate, negligent, calculated act by...
Introduction Personality types denote the psychological categorization of dissimilar kinds of mannerism. They are at times differentiated from personality traits because personality traits represent a smaller group of behavioral inclinations (Kun, Kiss, & Kapitány, 2015). The identification of one’s personality type is used by many, especially in the workplace setting....
Introduction Although so much research has been carried out concerning stress, a concrete definition is yet to be agreed upon (Segerstrom & Miller, 2004). This notwithstanding, stress refers to the reaction of an individual’s body to external conditions (Morrow, 2014). Ostensibly, stress is part of life and can not be...
Children are minors whose cases are handled in special courts referred to as the juvenile courts. This is because whether a child acts as the plaintiff or the accused, their witness is always viewed to be sensitive. In circumstances where a child is sexually abused theirs follows trauma on the...
Introduction The pursuit of beauty is an ancient phenomenon among women. History is full of folklore regarding the extent women were willing to go to become more beautiful. Even women rulers such as Cleopatra of Egypt became famous not just for their leadership, but also for their beauty. In this...
Introduction The early childhood stage is a development stage where children start learning. The stage is important because it determines the effectiveness in cognitive, social, and emotional development in a child. Theorists have developed models to guide parents and guardians on how to create the best learning environments during the...
Motivation is a special feature attached to psychological, cognitive, and behavioral areas in the life of a human being. Motivation is a “driving force that compels an action towards a desired goal in life, and psychiatrists argue that motivation is an impulse that optimizes a person’s well-being by minimizing physical...
There are numerous life-limiting diseases nowadays that have proved hard to treat. As such, it is always challenging when one tries to cope with such an illness, as well as its ultimate death. Such a scenario often is accompanied by emotionally related challenges to any person affected, in spite of...
Introduction Conflict denotes hindrances between people or groupings of individuals that have dissimilar objectives, ideals, anticipations, and rationales. Conflicts normally occur at the personal, group, and organizational levels where competition, in addition to personal achievement, is emphasized more than interdependence. In a conflict, it is normally easy to determine the...
Introduction A healthy childhood means a healthy adulthood because growth and development, which take place from the fetal stage through into childhood determines the health status of an adult. The relationship between a healthy childhood and a healthy adulthood is very complex because a number of factors mediate the relationship....
Introduction The phenomenon of a Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), as it has been called since recently, is one of the most widely known personality disorders. Traditionally defined as “a condition in which a person has two or more distinct identity or personality states, which may...
Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) denotes the capacity to determine, utilize, comprehend, and constructively deal with sentiments to alleviate stress, communicate successfully, sympathize with other people, triumph over challenges, and resolve disagreements. EI influences numerous dissimilar facets of one’s everyday undertakings, for instance, how one acts and the mode of one’s...
Key Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in the Case The development of a child through various milestones is dependent on various biological, psychological, and social factors. In the case of Sabrina, several biological factors affect her development. Some of such developmental characteristics that baby Sabrina depicts can be traced back...
Article Summary The article appeared in the New York Times newspaper and was written by Benedict Carey. It begins by pointing out to the acquittal of baseball star, Barry Bonds, of all charges except one: being an impediment towards the application of justice – he might also be cleared of...
Abstract Grieving is a lamentation that occurs due to the loss of property, relatives and friends. Ross (1993) developed a grieving model with five distinct steps, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. In the biblical story of Ayub, it is evident that the latter underwent three stages that included...
Introduction Humans experience grief and bereavement in certain situations. In psychology and psychiatric work, these terms are important in helping individuals cope with sad occurrences. Several studies have shown that grief and bereavement are responsible for a number of impacts on human life (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). In addition, the...
The prenatal experiences associated with the chemosensory environment can influence a person’s life not only during the nursing period, but also during the later stages of human development. This idea was stated by a group of British scientists who conducted the research in 2013 that proved the controversial assumption and...
Abstract Postpartum depression is an abnormality occurring in women who had successful deliveries, but due to hormone readjustments find it difficult to cope emotionally. Its onset is insidious. However, it is characterized by feelings of unexplained sadness, grief, worthlessness, failure and some suicidal inclinations. In the majority of cases mothers...
Introduction SOLER is an acronym used to summarize a process of effective communication which impacts the way we deal and respond to clients. The way we respond to clients influence the way we create a helping relationship with them. In order to provide help to a client, one must listen...
Abstract Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate if a link among extraversion personality, mental health, and self-esteem exists. Method: To determine whether the link exists, the study utilized structured questionnaires to gather data from participants in aspects of extraversion personality, mental health, and self-esteem. The results: Analysis...
Abstract The family is a safe place where individuals live as a collective unit. Different families vary in various ways, but each family member needs the other since the family is the fundamental social unit that gives identity to an individual. The interactions within a family are very imperative in...
Time spent at college is seen as one of the most exciting periods of a person’s life. However, this period is also associated with deviant behavior among freshman who are exposed to a variety of issues. In the first place, they may be overloaded by academic tasks. At the same...
Introduction The role of children caretakers at day-care centres as well as that of parents has ethically changed and become one of the major concerns due to emerging child abuse and neglect cases. Care centres are turning to abuse hubs and cases have close link to the ethical roles of...
Abstract Studies indicate increased deviant behavior among college students particularly, the newly admitted students. In fact, deviant behavior among the college fresh students has remained a major concern for educational institutions. The determination of the causes and impacts of the behavior would increase the understanding of the behavior and enable...
Abstract Perfect health is desirable, but those who can claim to be perfectly healthy are scanty. Conditions such as the bipolar disorder ensure that the balance that is necessary for perfect health remains elusive. It is a condition that characterized by alternating patterns of depressed and elated moods, which make...
Comparing and contrasting grieving models Waldrop (2007) defines grief as a complex response to loss or death. The grieving process is characterized by psychological, emotional, and social distress. Death is an unavoidable phase of life and everyone has to experience grief at some point. Brosche (2007) indicates that grieving among...
Introduction Psychologists have conducted numerous studies to develop the most appropriate model to guide the grieving cycle. Grief is an emotional process that is associated with the loss of loved ones or property that has sentimental value. According to findings from psychological researchers in the past, it is essential for...
Introduction The journal article presents the authors’ views on juvenile delinquency. It also presents their views on the relationship between offences committed and remorsefulness. The study concentrates on young offenders in Canada. The author argues that chronic and non-chronic offenders do not show significant correlation with regard to the extent...
Introduction Situational awareness is an abstraction. It is present in people’s minds. It is the description of phenomena observed by humans, usually in a rich and dynamic work performance environment. For instance, a pilot can apply situational awareness by perceiving the self and the airplane continuously, even as other events...
Bereavement Bereavement is a time of grief and mourning as a result of the death of a beloved individual or animal (Boelen & van den Bout, 2012). During this period, those affected try to come to terms with their loss. Uncomplicated Bereavement This is the normal process of grieving devoid...
Bereavement The term bereavement is defined as a time of sorrow, especially after the demise of someone close such as a spouse. It is an impartial state of deprivation that usually occurs as a result of death, and is commonly escorted by grief. There are two types of bereavement; include...
Grief and bereavement are responses to personal loss. According to Witcutt (2006), “personal loss results from the death of a person or after losing something precious”. There are different behaviors, thoughts, emotions, and feelings that come with grief (Young & Dowling, 2012). Although grief is an emotional response to loss,...
Loss is an inherent characteristic of every aspect in life. It refers to depreciation in value or attenuation in the physical number. Loss is mainly associated with negative effectives, which may subsequently affect the health and life of an individual (Den, 2007). This study brings into perspective different terms that...
Professional Caregivers also need to care for themselves. This is to avoid the occurrence of compassion fatigue, a condition that is characterized by chronic stress resulting from excessive blaming to bottled-up emotions. Professional caregivers have the responsibility to deal with this condition, which should be done by developing a mechanism...
Dykeman (2003) addresses the prevalence of verbal and physical aggression in the classroom among minors coping with parental separation or divorce. The author concedes that maladjustment following the destruction of the family unit varies by student age, gender, how harmonious the relationship between the parents was, the degree of parental...
Introduction Human health is a very important aspect of human development from birth till his/her death. From research carried out in North America, it has been found out that the health statuses of various people vary and are dependent on aspects such as economic well being, social aspects and gender...
Introduction There is evidence in both zoology and psychology that in many species of animals, (man among them) exhibit tendencies of imitating the actions of fellow animals (Gibson and Hoglund, 1992). It has been observed by psychologists that people show a predisposition to get influenced by others, in almost all...
Introduction Mental disorders and their effects on the lives of their victims are normally a puzzle to many people. Many people wonder why such disorders affect their victims. Research has answered many of these concerns. There are a number of causes of mental problems. One such cause is early separation....
Introduction The Fighter, directed by David O. Russell, is a movie that is based on the life of professional boxer “Irish” Micky Ward’s (Mark Wahlberg) improbable pursuit for the world welterweight title and it was initially released to the public on December 17, 2010. Micky’s rocky-life rise to prominence in...
Stress Management Proposal. SCI/100 Version 3. Title of technique: Imagery Description of technique Imagery is a very effective way of dealing with stress especially when accompanied with physical relaxation through exercising. The main idea behind imagery is the use of imagination to create a situation that is more fulfilling hence...
This paper discusses an ethical dilemma that is observed in the given counseling case study. An ethical dilemma entails a situation in which two possible moral choices have to be made. The choices are contradictory such that neither of them is morally acceptable. In such situation, guiding moral principles do...
Abstract Background Cognitive defects in children are becoming a problematic concern in the recent period. Disorders like Autism have a major re to play in the development of several abnormalities related to speech, social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communications. These problems need to be assessed for lessening the incidence and...
Good Will Hunting depicts a link between a therapist and Will Hunting, a janitor. The relationship is addressed as an important approach for promoting the teaching of counseling theories. Good Will Hunting reveals the story of a young man with troubled marriages and anger management problems and compares his path...
It’s acknowledged that social epidemiology is the “study of the social determinants of health, implying that an important goal of public health is to identify and address factors in the social environment that may be related to health outcomes” (Berkman & Kawachi, 2000). To address the various problems faced by...
Introduction The work of LaRue and Herrman (2008) report that the level of stress in adolescents is often far underestimated by adults and others in the lives of the adolescent. Lau (2002) writes that teens “can experience a spectrum of stresses ranging from ordinary to severe” (p.238). (p.375) Lack of...
Introduction Mood disorders are a group of mental diseases caused by chemical imbalances in the brain which causes the patient to have irregular changes in their moods. These moos changes are normally to the extremes. The patient can be extremely happy or extremely sad at inappropriate times. A considerable percentage...
Introduction Stress is a problem faced by everyone. But it is a critical problem when it comes to disaster management. First responders such as firemen, police officers, and rescue experts are forced to do so many things in just a short period. They encounter an enormous amount of stress and...
Introduction Abuse of the elderly remains an ignored and hidden problem in society. The government has been more concerned with the rising profile of child abuse to the extent that abuse of the elderly has been relegated to the periphery (Nerenberg, 2007). Abuse for the elderly mainly takes place in...
People with challenging behaviors need utmost care and understanding. These help a lot in making them fit in the community. It is noteworthy that when these individuals are not well taken care of they end up being a nuisance to the community. Most importantly, the response of those around them...
Change is hard to be estimated as something good or bad – of course, at times it is possible to identify the potential range of consequences the change will bring. However, in some situations, the change is still perceived as something negative and threatening even in case there are no...
Rationale According to the article by Puchkov (2006, p.5), emphasis is on the importance of family and care that should be given to the elderly in the Russian culture. This research was conducted bearing in mind that elder abuse was a neglected study; its main aim was to find out...
Introduction Anxiety or simply nervousness is a state that affects both the mind and the body. During this state, the victim shows many worries and experiences several panic attacks. Medical specialists define it as disarray that interferes with both the physiology and the psychology of a person. The victim of...
Introduction Mental illness is a disease or a psychiatric disorder that is mainly characterized by impairment of an individual’s thoughts and mood. Mental illness can also be referred to as emotional illness that involves a variety of conditions that impair a person’s normal emotional, behavioral and cognitive functions that may...
Known as radical behaviorism, Skinner’s theory of human development concentrates on creating the cause-and-effect relationships between the environmental factors, individual behavior, and development. Initially, Skinner’s observations were focused on animal behaviors. According to the researcher’s findings, minor changes in environment or stimuli called antecedents can result in significant shifts in...
The article to be reviewed in the present paper is the work by Abdulla A.-B. Badawy (2003) titled “Alcohol and violence and the possible role of serotonin”. At the very beginning of his article Badawy voices an opinion that there exists a defined interrelation between the consumption of alcohol and...
Introduction Over the years, different scholars have come up with different ways of dealing with psychological problems depending on the situations at hand. One of the ways adopted in treating psychological related problems is the use of behavioral techniques. These techniques seek to change or modify certain behaviors in people...
Ochello, P. (2003). Effects of anxiety attacks. Web. Anxiety is a normal process in the body that is referred to as “the fight/flight response”. Its purpose is to make a person stay alert, and thus protect him/her from real or imaginary danger. However, a continued inability to positively cope with...
Introduction In reference to the centers for disease control and prevention (2006), intimate partner violence (IPV) is the cruelty that takes place between two individuals who are in a devoted relationship. The term intimate partner refers to any passionate or sexual relationship between two people who are not biologically related,...
Summary For this paper, we have decided to study a special need social group in our community, the single mothers. In fact, nationwide, single motherhood is becoming a rising phenomenon. Of course, this is a negative phenomenon with disastrous consequences for society if we fail to address it correctly. Recent...
The behavior and physical development of a child is primarily dependent upon the parents. If they live under normal conditions, the guardians take full responsibility for buffering their young ones from stress and making them develop uprightly. However, some children are neglected and thus face emotional abuse because they no...
Cheng, Y., Chen, C., & Decety, J. (2014). An EEG/ERP investigation of the development of empathy in early and middle childhood. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 160-169. The present article explains the formation and development of empathy in children from a neurophysiological point of view. Cheng, Chen, and Decety (2014) “recorded...
Children and the Elderly The first problem that I would like to talk about is the issue of the children and the elderly. Every age has its own peculiarities connected with the physical and emotional state of the person. In medicine, there are several stages of child development and every...
Introduction The relevance of psychology in hospital settings cannot be underestimated because it has the potential to shorten patient stays or adherence to medical regimens hence boosting the overall health of the population. Through an analysis of five psychology titles, the report shall illustrate how the latter objectives are attainable....
Individual resources are critical components that define the level of human success, depending on how they are managed. Notably, resources, as far as personal development is concerned, are materials people have discrete control over (Reuters, 2020). Unlike skills and qualities such as confidence or courage, resources are exhausted when used...
The fact that the loss of loved ones due to suicide affects significant others rather directly, while often causing them to succumb to depression, has been well documented by health care professionals. Nevertheless, the psychological mechanics of this process are yet to be thoroughly researched, because as of today, there...
Introduction When bankers jumped out of their office windows during the Great Depression in the early 1930s in Wall Street, it was as a result of their frustration with the state of the economy, a state that finally led to ,closure of banks due to lack of funds. People understood...
Hodge, Brad et al. “The Role of Grit in Determining Engagement and Academic Outcomes for University Students.” Research in Higher Education, vol. 59, no. 4, 2017, pp. 448–460. Web. Grit is an influential personality attribute that encompasses the interest and effort elements. The former denotes the ability of an individual...
Introduction The relationship between delinquency and school is, seemingly, obvious. This is because the dispositions of delinquents are developed in school. These dispositions include anger, disruptive behavior, violence, etc. While schools remain the greatest sources of delinquent behavior, they can also be effective in combating delinquency (Balow 15). This is...
Personality traits are the different patterns in which individual people think, behave and even act in similar or different situations (Roberts, & Mroczek, 2008). Different personality traits in different individual personalities are therefore demonstrated in different ways, they are unique and each single individual’s time of personality trait growth or...
Introduction In the chapters, 1-3 summary of the book “Sources of Power: How people make decisions” by Gary Klein, several approaches as well as intrigues of the decision-making process are discussed. The ability to make relevant and yet reliable decisions within a limited time frame is important. Most decision-makers ranging...
Abstract Background: Motor Vehicle Collision qualifies as an extreme traumatic stress that can result in post traumatic stress disorder. Costs for treatment of anxiety disorders are currently estimated at $42 Billion United States Dollars annually. Objective To investigate the efficiency of distress thermometer in early detection of anxiety disorder in...
Miss S. is a 25-year-old female. Miss S. reported having been working in the modeling industry since the age of 8 years old. Miss S. stated that she has always been preoccupied with keeping a thin body frame and she reported having been on a diet “since ever”. When Miss...
Suicide can be caused by a variety of factors. The reasons that can promote or encourage suicide can be psychological, social factors, and mental illness/disorders. This paper covers these contributing factors. Mental illnesses such as bipolar disorders can lead to suicide. This sickness affects a person by making the shift...
