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Albert Bandura is one of the most cited psychologists in history, as he has contributed significantly to science by introducing social learning theory. Bandura has also distinguished himself as the originator of the theoretical construct of self-efficacy. Moreover, a series of highly illustrative experiments proved some of his ideas and...
Human states of consciousness alter depending on the shift from the sleep mode to the wakefulness. Other instances of altered states of consciousness that some individuals can experience involve the hypnotic and meditative states that are commonly considered as very similar concepts. Both hypnosis and meditation constitute a diverse complex...
Introduction Stress is the reaction of the human nervous system to disbalance with the environment caused by internal or external factors. It can take numerous forms, from slight changes in the mood to severe psychological disorders. People can either follow the natural desire to react in a stressful situation or...
Curiosity and the desire to help others have always been my chief motivators. Discovering something new, learning a new approach to solving a problem, understanding how something works, or developing a skill has always been the driving force behind most of my actions. This motivation was the primary reason for...
The cruel experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram is an explicit example of the initiatives, which are opposed to all possible ethical considerations. Nevertheless, it provided invaluable results allowing us to consider the nature of human obedience and the role of authority in the matter in detail (Markrho, 2010). According to...
Nowadays, different successful startups and companies appear every month, while the bigger and older ones become even more powerful. It made me wonder what the key to a company’s success is, and how these small ideas grow into real companies that make life better. At the beginning of the research,...
Lower-level behavior of employees impedes the actions and progress of others. Whining is one of the most common forms that means that a person acknowledges a problem but takes no action to resolve it (Hoffmann, 2016). Cynicism and pessimism serve to attract attention and extract sympathy from others (Wong, 2007)....
Parenting style is one of the primary factors that have an impact on one’s future. On a global scale, it shapes the nation and allows one to distinguish adolescents from different countries and the issues they face in life. Hence, parenting style is a parameter that is not an individual...
Introduction Effective healthcare does not only require expertise and knowledge, but a set of skills for doctors and nurses to communicate to patients openly about the important decisions they would potentially have to make. Thus, it is crucial for medical professionals to provide patients with an opportunity to make their...
The development of one’s cognitive skills has always been one of the most challenging research questions for scholars all over the world. In fact, one of the most crucial aspects discussed in terms of the research was the hierarchy of the learning process, i.e., identifying which internal and external factors...
Introduction Growing and living in a dynamic social environment, people continuously experience the cognitive and emotional development and changes that consequently reflect on their outlook. In other words, a particular society or community has a tremendous and direct impact on the formation of individuals’ perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and ideology overall....
Introduction Lifespan development is concerned with the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes from the time of conception to death. The transformations can be unique to individuals, while others are common to most people. Human growth is lifelong, and there is no specific age period that dominates maturity. In addition,...
Introduction Childhood games play an integral role in the early years of growth and development. It provides numerous evolutionary advantages, which contribute to the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of young ones. During the initial years of life, children are immensely influenced by the environment and the people around...
Introduction Commonly, people present several problems simultaneously, as conditions are often correlated. The root of the majority of the disorders lies in the family situation of the person. Genograms are helpful tools that can help the practitioner to visualize the family situation and assess strengths and barriers to functional behavior....
Effects of Trauma on Individuals Trauma refers to the response to distressing events that overwhelm one’s ability to cope. It triggers feelings of helplessness, leads to the loss of the sense of self, and has adverse psychological and physical effects on individuals. Green (2013) asserts that trauma has a real...
Name: Dalia Demographic Information Age: 14 years old. Ethnicity: Biracial, African, and Irish American descent. Presenting Issue(s) Dalia’s main problem is the lack of parental attention, which encourages her to commit such rash acts as excessive drinking and tattooing. However, the initiators of the appeal to social services are her...
Introduction In the current paper, results of the pre-test in Chapter 1 will be discussed, and the ambiguity of the sub-theories and frameworks of behaviorism will be addressed. Moreover, an explanation of how association doctrine and connectionism developed the foundations of behaviorism will be presented. Further, the stimulus-response model and...
People’s cognitive, physical, and social development is characterized by certain milestones that have been well-researched. The cognitive development of infants and toddlers is associated with the acquisition of basic knowledge and skills that enables the child to become comparatively independent during the first two years of their life. Some of...
Introduction Emotional intelligence is one of the most important and necessary qualities in the modern world. In general, emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to recognize and regulate one’s own emotions and others’ emotions (McShane et al., 2018). At the same time, people with a high level of emotional...
Introduction Mental health has been a topic of heated debate for many years. People who suffer from a mental disorder are subjected to stigmatization and negative perception from the public’s side. During the recent decade, there were a lot of attempts to spread awareness on mental health and dissolute the...
The current study concerns the topic of family estrangement, also referred to in the literature as simply estrangement. Estrangement is defined as the loss of relationships between family members as a result of physical or emotional distancing. Estranged family members have little to no communication with each other, often for...
The course topics are essential for other students and me, both for the individual and for the future professional, as they give an understanding of personal development and interpersonal relationships. The topic of family functions helps to determine whether partners’ visions of the goals of creating a family are the...
Physical Assessments Among School-Aged Children When conducting a medical assessment of a school-aged child, a medical professional must evaluate their cognitive, physical, social, language, and learning development. Additonally, Giddens (2019) emphasizes the impotence of identifying children who have special needs during these assessments because they may require additional support from...
Childhood is a wonderful period in human life, in which the personality of an individual is not yet spoilt by the diversity of the world around them, and therefore the thoughts and ideas that come into the mind of a child, most often pure and naive. A small child interacts...
Introduction One of the primary goals of all parents is to protect and care about their children and make everything possible to let them enter adulthood while being mentally and physically stable and developed. Unfortunately, some children are not protected properly, and while growing up, they have to face various...
Abstract The way a person builds their relationships as an adult, mainly when referring to intimate relationships, is mostly affected by their childhood experiences. Many contemporary researchers and psychology practitioners use this theory to explain adults’ maladaptive behaviors towards their partners. Bowlby developed it in an attempt to explain the...
Legislation Comparison Grid Health-related Bill Name Mental Health Access Improvement Act of 2019 Bill Number H.R.945 Description This bill is aimed at regulating the work of marriage and family therapists, focusing on their activity under the Medicare program. Also, this document involves the issuance of therapists the authority to develop...
The development of children happens in various ways at the same time. Different aspects of this process are not reliant on the completion of another, and, instead, they occur simultaneously. Although physical growth and maturity are the most obvious signs of development, children can also grow cognitively, socially, sexually, and...
Abstract Parental divorce is one of the principal factors affecting the relationships of children when they grow into adults. Therefore, their ability to create a healthy family is significantly conditional upon the success of timely interventions of social workers. Their support is intended to eliminate the risks of various problems...
Competition is a defining factor in many areas of modern life. People compete for positions at work, for prizes in sports, even for grades in education. The competitive nature moves people forward; they want to achieve, earn more, be better than others. Some people want to win so badly they...
One of the main challenges in business is successful human resource management. Entrepreneurs and executives must find the balance between employees’ needs and organizational performance, thus selecting appropriate strategies and tactics of human resource management. Understanding human psychology in greater depth could assist me in becoming an agent of change...
Introduction The concept of identity statuses by James Marcia stems from psychoanalytic theory and stages of psychosocial development by Erik Erikson. Marcia’s identity status interview (ISI), which “assessed the depth and breadth of exploration and the extent of commitment in the areas of occupation and ideology,” allowed the researcher to...
End-of-life issues are accompanied by ethical considerations, and their inclusion in the matter is critical. According to the researchers, the evolution of medical science contributes to the development of methods allowing individuals to make decisions on their care (Karnik & Kanekar, 2016). However, this situation is complicated by the inability...
Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky developed their theories of cognitive development. These two theories were created at the same time, and that is why they are often compared. Piaget and Vygotsky studied the same phenomena, but they used different theories to explain them (Obukhova, 2016). The current paper analyses each...
Introduction Defining and gauging temperaments and personality types appear to be one of the cornerstone activities in trait psychology. In attempts to measure human personality, an array of models and tests have been created. The Big Five Model seems to be one of the most recognized methods to define the...
Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is related to below-average intelligence and deficit of daily living skills, especially learning and self-care. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), three requirements should be followed for a diagnosis of ID, including considerable limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior and...
Social and emotional development in early childhood Social development is a process through which a child creates a notion of themselves, separate their identity from their environment, and learn to comprehend the mental state of others, facilitating their adaption to a community (Rathus, 2016). This stage of development may be...
For a long time, IQ tests were considered objective and the only method for measuring intellectual development. However, some researchers rejected this approach, which led to the occurrence of more complex theories. For example, Gardner and Sternberg proposed focusing on intellectual abilities which might be applicable outside of an academic...
Outline Melissa is a four year old child who swallowed two of her mother’s ‘green lollies’, identified as sleeping tablets (Temazepam). The mother forgot to strap her daughter into her booster seat and she has hit her head on the back of the seat. Melissa is drowsy, disorientated and has...
Media violence is an unlawful act of an individual fostered by frequent viewing and participation in media games. Research carried out link aggressive behavior of children to the films they watch and the video games they play. According to psychologists, things learnt through visions tend to stick in children brains...
The article examines the clinical differences between bipolar disorder type I (BDI) and bipolar disorder type II (BDII) since the difficulty in choosing a correct diagnosis often leads to poorly treated patients. The study focuses explicitly on critical differentiating factors such as an illness course and developmental antecedents. The study’s...
Discrimination is an ongoing issue that has been causing problems to millions of people for centuries. With time, discrimination and prejudice behavior does not vanish; thus, changes its forms and manifestations. The video “A Class Divided” is a prominent example of how easy it is to impose discriminative behavior inside...
Adolescence is one of the most challenging periods in the life of every individual because they go though in an understanding of life, establishing a personality, and creating a specific worldview. At the same time, this can be also hard for teenagers’ parents because they sometimes face the disrespect, indifference,...
Dalia is a 14-year-old adolescent exhibiting certain deliberate self-harming behaviors. These behaviors include the use of alcohol and physical altercations with peers, which can be described as self-poisoning (Moorey, 2010). Furthermore, Dalia’s highly sexualized behavior can be construed as a self-harming behavior, as well (Fredlund, et al., 2017). To a...
Abstract This study investigates gender differences in emotional memory. We hypothesized that males and females would be able to remember emotional stimuli better than non-emotional stimuli, but this effect would be greater for females. There were 44 participants, 22 men and 22 women. Respondents studied two lists of words, emotional...
The development of a counseling intervention plan is a delicate process that involves data assessment procedures and designing treatment plans, which consider a multitude of factors. The initial stage of the treatment process needs to involve the assessment of relevant educational, career, social, and personal development. In addition, personality and...
An understanding of what counts as good evidence is affected by the accepted hierarchy of evidence that explicitly favors quantitative methods used in randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. This hierarchy is biased against qualitative studies and methods that are commonly used in social work research projects, such as participatory...
Nurture has long been accepted as one of the most important components of a traditional behaviorist approach. Initially, both Skinner and Watson wanted the science of human behavior to become as rigorous as physics, which is why they considered it imperative to chart only measurable and observable responses. According to...
The dramatic increase in the number of victims of emergencies, accidents, wrongful acts, and serious conflicts has led to a rise in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the population. The psychological consequences of the trauma experience are of concern to the global psychological community. Recent years of...
Emotional Intelligence: Defined Emotional Intelligence, more commonly known as EQ or EI, describes an individual’s abilities, capacities and skills of perceiving, assessing and managing the personal emotions, emotions of others and even of groups (Mayer, et. al, 1999). Although there are many definitions of emotional intelligence, basically it can be...
Introduction Narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder is a pathological psychological condition. This type of personality disorder was so tricky during treatment that in 2013 there were attempts to delete it from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This paper aims to provide a literature review on narcissism and...
Locke believed that sensual experiences reveal knowledge of the external world. In defense of this stance, the philosopher distinguishes physical objects from human sense which generates ideas. His approach assumes that “the mind does not come into the worlds already inscribed with ideas or knowledge” (Vaughn 295). The only role...
Introduction Psychology takes an avid interest in human cognition that studies an individual’s psychological functions from the standpoint of information processing. Sensation and perception are two concepts that are useful for understanding human cognition. They explain a variety of phenomena such as the diversity of interpretations based on individuals’ perceptions....
Introduction According to the new shorter Oxford dictionary, coping is to contend successfully with (an opponent, difficulty situation, etc), to deal completely with one’s or situation (Thompson, 1993). Reflecting on this, it is a lay definition. This is sharply contrasted by a more elaborate definitions offered by academicians such as...
In today’s society, the issue of stress and stress-related health problems is especially critical. To regain physical and mental well-being, it is essential to discover some useful tools against stress. However, we cannot fully solve the problem if we do not know the nature behind it. That is why I...
The history of the social sciences’ most significant transformation is connected to globalization and the increased connectivity of the global community. The most interesting event is the development of advanced technology, such as neuroimaging, that allows scientists to study the subjects’ brains. This event is exciting and essential for the...
Stages of development are useful in monitoring and measuring the growth of a child. The process is critical in highlighting the needs required at each stage. The physical assessment constitutes a vital criterion of measuring growth rate and behavioral change among children in different age groups. Essentially, the behavior of...
Type of Group The group is a support community for health care workers, who have suffered the loss of a loved one (a family member, a friend, etc.) due to coronavirus. A lot of medical professionals have experienced exposure to high levels of death, which might have affected their families...
Introduction Today, more and more parents are deciding to break up through divorce. The highest percentage of such families lives in the USA, Northern, and Western Europe. According to scientists, only 60% of children in the United States today live with their married parents (D’Onofrio, 2019). At the same time,...
Attribution theory is a concept used to analyze a person’s reaction or motivation towards a certain event. The theory can be used to understand and contextualize a person’s actions, thoughts, feelings, or motivations. The Attribution theory is based on the belief that the things people attribute to their success or...
Introduction Psychology is a science and art that uses theories and concepts to understand and explain people’s behavior. It is a practical discipline that can be applied for personal and career development. Healthcare professionals see the need to integrate psychological concepts in assessments, treatment, and management of patients. To enhance...
War is invariably a destructive action within the framework of social or political conflict and for the mental well-being of soldiers. People are in a constant state of stress due to the threat of being injured or killed, as well as the suffering of other military or civilians. However, a...
Introduction Development psychology is a field focused on the examination of how people’s way of thinking and behaving changes throughout their life. Contemporary development psychology is focused on lifespan development rather than child development only, which provides many opportunities for researchers and practitioners to develop strategies of continuous learning. Since...
Introduction For this assignment, I have watched several videos observing children in a special education setting. In the majority of them, the children were well-behaved and engaged in their lessons and activities. Some, however, exhibited challenging behavior stemming from their inability to communicate or restrain themselves. Although sometimes their motivation...
Introduction The concepts of conformism have typically been frowned upon in western society for the past several decades, whereas individuality and self-expression have received praise. Overall, the current social perception of unwillingness to develop individual characteristics has been presented mostly in a negative light as the focus on complacency and...
Aalbers, George, et al. “Social Media and Depression Symptoms: A Network Perspective.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, vol. 148, no. 8., 2019, pp. 1454-1462. In this study, authors investigate the relationship between passive social media use (PSMU), such as regularly scrolling news feeds, and depression symptoms. The investigation is based...
Introduction School-aged children are characterized by increased conversational and analytical skills and the capacity to understand the concept of cause and effect. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2018), they feel a sense of fulfillment when acquiring new skills. However, at this age, children lack the knowledge about bodies...
Introduction Despite many prejudices around it, the phenomenon of imaginary friends is quite widespread. 65% of the children before seven are estimated to have played with one (Russel, 2019). The problem appears understudied, but imaginary friends are known to be a contributing element of any child’s life. Such pals improve...
Psychologists have always been interested in the effect of encouragement on the efforts made by professional athletes and enthusiasts during training sessions. “The effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on repeated force production” is a study on the efficacy of augmented feedback. The “augmented feedback (AF) refers to information...
The problem of violence is one of the most relevant issues in modern society. This problem is most acute with the life of the younger generation. While growing up, children go through the process of forming their views on life. Accordingly, it is necessary to protect them from the harmful...
Despite the intention to provide students with equal opportunities and living conditions, bullying behaviors occur in classrooms and are recognized as a serious social concern. In the United States, about 35% of students are defined as bullies or victims who report cyber victimization, associated with emotional or social problems (Brown...
Domestic abuse is an issue that has apparent negative consequences for its victim, and the first instinct of most people is to protect the victim from the perpetrator. That is a perfectly rational and necessary thing to do, but there are usually deeper problems lurking below the surface. There is...
Adolescence is a period when people experience a transition between their childhood needs and knowledge to adulthood concerns. Spiritual and psychological development at this period is significantly determined by the environment (Benavides, 2014). Therefore, in modern schools, teachers and administrators do everything possible to create equal and safe environments for...
Introduction The practice of substance consumption amongst nursing professionals, especially the nurses, is a critical challenge that continues to surround the nursing career. Additionally, the habit results in physical disorders that adversely affect the effective and safe healthcare delivery to patients. The widespread abuse of drugs has provoked numerous healthcare...
Developmental psychology is an essential field of study for medical professionals and future nurses, especially. It focuses on the physiological changes throughout a person’s life that reflect his emotions, thinking, and behavior. The most development occurs during childhood as the identity and consciousness form. Noting and taking these changes into...
Introduction A person’s development is a multi-faceted, complex process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Throughout one’s life, they come to experience numerous things that actively shape their worldview and relationships with others. The human experience is unique and can affect an individual in both positive and negative...
Sanity and insanity are the reflections of words normal and abnormal (Rosenhan, 1973). However, as suggested by Rosenhan, the divergence in the definition of normality is directly related to one’s culture and upbringing. That is why those two concepts are not accurate and not universal. Some actions are perceived as...
The phenomenon of stress and the processes of adaptation for more than a century have been the focus of attention of a number of humanitarian and natural sciences. The problem field of stress covers many areas of human life, occupying one of the central places in medicine, biology, and psychology....
The primary mission of the United Nations (UN) is to maintain international security and peace. The organization realizes its mission by preventing conflict, assisting parties involved in a dispute to attain peace, and create settings that promote peaceful coexistence (Karim & Beardsley, 2016). Significantly, the UN focuses on strengthening the...
Thesis Statement: The study of depression in the scope of personality psychology assesses the psychology models, determining possible connections with personality traits, analyzing the depression propagation among adolescents. 1st Main Point: Personality Psychology Models One of the most common and essential patterns in personality psychology is the five-factor model, which...
Due to a plethora of negative factors causing distress and emotional unease, adolescents and young adults are exposed to an increased threat of mental health breakdowns. Namely, depression, anxiety, and the associated disorders have become overwhelmingly common in the specified demographic (Wehry et al., 2015). Therefore, mental health, in general,...
Precrisis Before analyzing the stages of the crisis and using the Double ABC-X Model, it is necessary to describe a hypothetical stressful family situation. There is a dual-earning married couple with two children who are seven and ten years old. Just like many other families, this one has been greatly...
The sandwich generation is a clique of middle-aged adults (40 to 50 years) who are family caregivers. They have at least one parent at the age of 65 years and above as well as young children. The generation has to care for both their aged parents and children besides looking...
Name of the Theory Solution-focused therapy which is also named solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) represents a type of treatment that is concerned with paying attention to a solution rather than a problem. The therapy’s purpose is to approach the individuals in a way that they can find the best solution...
People are not wholly responsible for the kind of persons they become. However, Hospers’ psychoanalytic view claims that people’s actions are an outcome of their unconscious mind beyond their control. Indeed, they face options when confronted with a chance to partake in moral responsibility despite being determined as the rest...
In middle-income countries, deteriorating mental health is considered to be one of the major causes of morbidity. Peltzer, Pengpid, and Tiembre (2013) suppose that many mental health issues stem from traumatizing events back in the childhood days. This assumption makes it compelling to study childhood traumas in association with subsequent...
It is necessary to emphasize that emotional intelligence (EQ) is essential in every environment. Bradberry and Greaves (2009) state that this ability “accounts for 58 percent of performance in all types of jobs” (p. 20). That is why there is no doubt that EQ is critical in an inpatient facility,...
Over the past decades, the concept of family roles has expanded significantly, allowing family members to build greater flexibility and, as a result, increased economic resilience. Specifically, working mothers have become a norm, determining a significant shift in familial relationships and the hierarchal structure of an average family (Brown &...
Cannabis, widely known as marijuana, is a psychoactive drug that is commonly abused worldwide. Some people, who were active marijuana users, reported that the drug helps overcome stress and relieve nervousness and anxiety (Filbey et al., 2017). For this reason, more than 40 of the US states have legalized the...
Video Scripting The malicious use of a person’s state of intoxication to satisfy own sexual or emotional needs is an important problem for social activities. At parties, during walks, or as a group, a person is often the victim of sexual harassment or abuse by an offender. This situation usually...
In my opinion, the myth about sexual violence, which is the most harmful and dangerous for the victim’s mental health, is that the sufferer was the initiator for the rape. The defenders of the criminals usually claim that the raped individuals were behaving provocatively and forcing them to misbehave. These...
Aggression is a state which is inherent to most people, implying behavior intended at hurting others. This emotion is difficult to define, and psychologists, judges, and lawyers have been trying to determine what actions should and should not be considered aggressive for a long time. To estimate the behavior of...
This paper highlights the extent of child abuse cases in our society with especial focus on its relation to our culture. Furthermore this paper will try to explain what roles the healthcare authorities can play in reducing the alarming rate of child abuse cases. Physical and Sexual Abuse The article’s...
People’s perceptions are mostly manipulated by social conventions known as schemata. Cognitive schemata are mental formations which constitute expectations and judgment about the world and influence an individual’s image of a particular person or situation. There are four major cognitive schemata: personal construct, prototype, script, and stereotype (Augoustinos & Walker,...
Introduction The two prominent thinkers and physicians from Austria have contributed to the development of psychology and founded unique schools that emphasized different approaches to the concept of personality. Their biographies make it clear that they have a lot in common. Both of them have a Jewish background, had to...
Introduction Lately the diagnosis of ADHD became very spread comparatively to the past. This illness seems to be very spread, that is why the research about the ways of its treatment are very topical nowadays. ADHD is a psychiatric developmental disorder. It affects children, mostly boys, starting from the age...
Positive thinking is a type of worldview in which an individual evaluates and perceives only the constructive aspects of life. Cognitive psychology deals with emotions and how a person recognizes new information and experiences. Positivity in managing mental well-being allows one to be aware of the surroundings as a supportive...
In classical conditioning, the conditioned response often resembles the usual response to an unconditional stimulus. Salivation, for example, is a normal reaction of a dog when it sees food. Although, when it comes to teaching the dog something new, for example, a complicated trick, classical conditioning will be of no...
Conceptualization The roles that each person plays within their family context is defined by a plethora of factors ranging from their upbringing to culture specifics to mental health problems that may be present in the family in question, and many other issues. However, despite the fact that there is an...
Introduction The number of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has noticeably increased over the past decade; it is especially high in developed countries since they are more opportunities to diagnose it at a young age. However, understanding how families perceive this disorder may help specialists to realize how...
What is the mind/body problem and how does the nature of the mind relate to the brain? Essentially, the mind-body problem is a useful question in understanding how the brain states are interpreted to analyze different psychological situations (Cucu and Brian 95). This discussion examines two critical theories of mind...
Although I am a bit far from my adolescence, looking back to those days made me realize that I had gone through the most important stage, which was challenging and full of emotions. Several developmental theorists have influenced the current understanding of the period between adolescence and early adulthood. Jean...
