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The opposition between nature and nurture is one of the key areas in developmental psychology. This debate juxtaposes genetic determinism and the decisive influence of external factors in the personality’s development. Hence, this issue is highly relevant for gaining an understanding of a person’s behavior and requires careful consideration. Therefore,...
A career is one of the most important aspects of every person’s life, being a key element of an individual’s personal development, social connections, and sense of identity. People build their careers throughout their whole life, starting at adolescence when occupational preferences are established. However, with age, the strive for...
The theme of personal growth is undeniably popular these days. Everyone wants to achieve something in life and become great or famous. However, people understand this topic differently and, therefore, adapt their behavior in various ways to move along the path of life. Personal growth is closely related to understanding...
The indicators of suicide may include the characteristics of the current situation, mood, and cognitive activity of a person, which shows an increased degree of suicidal risk. Among the situational indicators of Stephanie’s suicidal behavior, I would highlight a break with her boyfriend and problems in the relationship with her...
Introduction Research has been conducted by psychologists and sociologists to explain how people behave and why they do so in various circumstances. This has led to different opinions from different researchers and all of them have presented various views regarding the behavior of human beings (Myerson 2011). Even though they...
Healthcare professionals are faced with many stressful situations and organizational changes in their work. Therefore, they need to develop resilience to cope with stress and prevent occupational burnout. Resilience is defined as “a combination of abilities and characteristics that interact dynamically to allow an individual to bounce back, cope successfully,...
Introduction Classical conditioning is a theory that was developed by Ivan Pavlov, which proved that behavior in people and animals can be directed using an external stimulus. He did this by placing a signal before a natural reflex, so that the subject associated the signal with the stimulus, and acquired...
Childhood is the period of life when the bases of individuality are formed. Children get acquainted with the entire world, society, its rules, and values. In this case, the role of parents and educators cannot be underestimated as they represent the moral compass for the younger generation. However, other stages...
Introduction The social and moral problem encountered by many societies is the phenomenon of bullying and suicide in school. It seems to be increasing at a scandalous rate. However, bullying may occur in any society or time, but what pulls attention to the bullying of children is that it frequently...
Communication Significance of Conversation The significance of conversation is reflected in an opportunity to establish a productive interaction. Detailed information can be obtained with the possibility of personal involvement (Plachkinova et al. 113). An efficient communication mechanism is based on interlocutors’ mutual interest. My conversation skill has improved significantly during...
In general, deontology may be regarded as a moral philosophy that equated following rules with ethically appropriate behavior. In other words, the morality of an action is determined by its rightness based on generally accepted regulations, principles, and rules. It may be defined as a duty that has the highest...
Introduction «The perils of obedience» by Stanley Milgram is a great work for investigating the reflection of people to obey while the threat is essential. In this case, the work by Milgram represents a set of procedures implemented on the part of an experimenter to participants. The whole concept of...
Concept of motivation Motivation is an amalgamation of forces that instigate, direct and maintain a certain behavior that aims at achieving a specified goal (Hong-chee, 1968). It is an inside drive to behave in a certain way and the essential element influencing the attainment and setting of goals. From this...
Human behavior plays a crucial role during most fire-related accidents. A wide range of human behavior has been observed during fires in different locations and under various circumstances. Research studies of human behavior during fires includes studying people’s coping strategies, awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and motivations when they are exposed to...
Introduction Procrastination is a type of habit characterized by counterproductive, needless, and delaying patterns when approaching tasks that need to be finished by certain deadlines. There are numerous behavioral, psychological, and physiological reasons for developing procrastination habits, some of which include personality, acquired behaviors, the familial capacity to raise children,...
Introduction Human behavior is a complex concept, the secrets of which are still to be revealed to people by specialists in the science and social disciplines. Misunderstanding, as well as the different interests of the two parties, often lead to conflict. Conflicts may be of non-violent and violent nature, but...
Introduction Research of processes of formation and development of the human personality is one of the most versatile and discussed questions of modern psychology. There is extensive scientific information that reveals the phenomenon of personal development and demonstrates that it has the imprint of age and individual features. There is...
Introduction For centuries, abnormal behavior has been thought of using models based on a spiritual and crude biological basis. Many theoretical orientations have played a part in an evolving field of abnormal psychology with the Freudian psychoanalytic model emerging in the twentieth century. In the 1950s and 1960s, behaviorism and...
There are a great number of different counseling theories that can often be intertwined with each other. For example, Behavioral theory is based on the idea that behavior is conditioned or learned, mostly from the environment. It focuses on an unwanted, unhealthy, or potentially self-destructive behavior of an individual, and...
With their paper, Hutto et al. (2014) seek to contribute to the century-long debate that engages both philosophers, and cognitive scientists regarding the extent of human cognition. In particular, Hutto et al. (2014) make an argument in support of the theory of radical enactivism that is often considered ill-conceived or...
The lack of sleep The emphasis on the lack of sleep and its repercussions for a person’s well-being is a point of the chapter that draws particular attention. Specifically, the correlation between sleep disruption and ensuing psychological drawbacks is worthy of notice since it implies that all people operate on...
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an emotional illness that is characterized by constant anxiety and is often the result of continuing frightening. PTSD may be caused by the traumatic events and further on the people who have this syndrome avoid the places and all things which may remind them...
Crystallized Intelligence The term describes the buildup or accumulation of essential facts, skills, and aptitude acquired over a specific duration. Crystallized intelligence emanates from ongoing and past experiences throughout one’s life based on facts. Crystallized intelligence increases with individuals age. According to psychologists, as people age, they are more likely...
Brief description of the scene of violence of aggression. The age, gender, ethnicity, and other demographic variables of the aggressor. The age, gender, ethnicity and other demographic variables of the victim. What was the outcome for the aggressor and victim? Was there any humor involved in the portrayal of violence?...
The human brain has always been a versatile field for investigations within psychology. It is considered to be the only tool for receiving and analyzing information. Nevertheless, the proper organization of its work requires a deeper understanding of learning processes in terms of their effective usage. Defining the role of...
Most people who are convicted of driving under the influence (DUI) in the United States are repeat offenders. As a result, many research studies have been conducted to find out specific factors affecting DUI recidivism. However, most of the studies have focused on the drinking habits as well as drinking-related...
Summary The article “Perception and Attention II” introduces readers to the concepts of sensory buffers and the hierarchy of needs which apparently dictate the inclusion of specific types of information when it come to an individual focusing attention on a particular activity or on an observable event that captures their...
ADHD is considered as a real disorder since it causes what can only be defined as an “impairment” of a person’s mental facilities. Tosto helped to support this argument by stating that impaired mental functioning not brought about by outside interference (i.e. damage to the brain via external force or...
The discipline of psychology, memory is defined as a process through which information is received, stored and decoded. Memory is important and there are various types of memory, classified according to different criteria such as the type of information received and stored. People forget some things from time to time,...
Literature Review When an animal (man included) is confronted with a threat in the environment, a response is triggered to protect the animal from danger. When the threat or danger is real and may lead to serious consequences to the wellbeing of the animal it leads to stress. Stress is...
The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the most widely acknowledged nomenclature used by psychologists and researchers for the classification of mental disorders. It consists of three main sections. Section 2 contains diagnostic criteria and codes for routine clinical use. It...
Nowadays, people’s minds are pretty much the same – almost everyone has the same goals and values in life, which may be: a successful career, an expensive car, a big house, high-quality and fashionable clothes, and so on. Thus, the society has set some “standards” of life, which all people...
A true miracle occurred when first moving pictures appeared back in 1878. It was hard to believe that later the whole words would be created by means of movie industry, and the characters of favorite novels will live their lives on the cinema screens, depicted by movie creators’ imagination. But...
Introduction Does wealth, money, or material possession lead to happiness? This is a question most people around the world including scientists have been asking every now and then (Burns, Marshall, Velasquez & Weill, n.d.). Baumgardner and Crothers (2009) propose that generally, people could be of two minds depending on what...
Introduction There are various explanations and descriptions about the denouncement of mentally ill people. Those affected undergo stigma and discrimination due to misperceptions, lack of awareness, and education about the disorder, which, as a result, impact the treatment and recovery process. This research aims at establishing why there is mental...
One of the most severe and challenging problems that require an appropriate solution is suicidal behavior among teenagers and young adults. Of course, there is a great number of reasons, including traumas, emotional instability, phycological disorders, major conflicts. These factors are likely to contribute to one’s desire to commit suicide,...
The human brain is a complex organ that defines what people feel, how they react, and, in a sense, who they are. It is like a hub for all the signals about the outside world and the anatomical reactions of the individual: signals come in, get processed, and go out...
The understanding of consciousness has for a long time been subject to a number of discussions. The advancement in scientific knowledge has, however, revolutionized the mindset of people in relation to the effective comprehension of consciousness. This paper is a critique of an article about consciousness by Marie-Helen. The relationship...
Nowadays, change is everywhere but almost everyone seems to sway away from this concept because only a few are ready to embrace it. Observations show that people are creatures that follow their daily habits and routines. It is, however, obvious that in times when change takes place, people tend to...
PTSD and active duty military PTSD affecting relationships of active duty military A number of factors can trigger the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the military. Given the fact that PTSD is a reaction of the individual psyche to the experience of some traumatic events, military servants belong...
Introduction It is challenging to deny that the COVID-19 pandemic has become the most unexpected and influential phenomenon in the past years. Millions of people are infected, while multiple countries experience economic problems because of the crisis. Since all efforts are taken to determine and control virus transmission processes and...
The paper is titled “Learning and Memory Systems: Work in Progress” and reviews the phenomenon of memory as a psychological concept. The paper discusses memory, types of memory, memory storage in the brain and how memory and the brain relate to each other. There is further discussion about amnesia and...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder associated with trauma and stress, especially from severe physical harm or and exposure to painful events, such as the death of a loved one or witnessing horrific occurrences. Those susceptible people to this mental disorder include military troops, those involved in rescue...
Introduction Taking care of one’s mental health might seem to be a rather basic and understandably important task, yet the threat of developing a mental health conditions are quite high, especially in adults. Depression and anxiety as frequently comorbid health issues have been known as prevalent among other mental conditions...
Obsessions are unwanted, annoying thoughts, motives, or images, which usually cause pronounced discomfort or anxiety. The dominant theme of obsessive thoughts can be harm or risk to oneself and others, danger, infection, doubt, loss, or aggression. For instance, patients may be haunted by the thought of contracting bacteria through dirt...
Introduction Human behavior cannot be called static and inflexible since it depends on a number of factors and is determined by many related circumstances. In the academic field, there are many theories and models that interpret specific features of the manifestation of emotions and feelings. By using individual concepts as...
The article presents the results of an in-depth assessment of secular cognitive performance trends among the elderly population in the United States from 1999 to 2014. This research is made urgent by the progressive extension of people’s lifespans. While people live longer, those prolonged lifespans also mean extended periods of...
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder In the context of the modern world’s rapid development, US residents struggle with high levels of stress caused by both financial and emotional hardships. Thus, the notions of various mental disorders become familiar to people at a relatively early age. Such a variety, however, may often...
The article seeks to affirm the inclination of individuals with high testosterone levels to the color red. Many researchers have tried to link the color red to elevated performance, and testosterone in individuals. In addition, it has been proved that individuals with high testosterone levels are likely to go for...
Introduction Professional ethics is an integral part of counseling since it ensures proper service and helps in resolving complicated cases. In the chosen dilemma, a social worker interacts with a 15-year-old adolescent, who has depression. The boy tells that his friends offered him to try crystal meth and ecstasy, and...
Today, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is considered to be a psychopathology disorder that acquires an epidemic character. According to Weeks, Heimberg, Rodebaugh, Goldin & Gross (2012), around 60 000 000 are affected by this disease of mind. This means that out of 120 people, 1 will become a victim of...
Excessive workload has always been one of the main challenges that nurses face while working. It is defined by the amount of work performed by an individual in a given period. According to Madadzadeh, Barati, Asour, “Excessive workload is a major source of stress; in 37% oAs ourjects hi,gh workload...
Introduction Psychology is the methodical study of peoples’ manners, influence and perception. This means that psychologists are interested in reasons behind certain behaviours patterns and individuals’ feelings. Additionally, they are interested in factors that influence these human processes. Consequently, multicultural psychology refers to analysis of the effects that culture has...
Introduction Modern psychology includes many major and minor categories and trends. Some perspectives may be consistent with one another or imply others. Specific psychological theories can contradict each other both in theory and in practice. The humanistic perspective and social cognitive perspective are these types of conflicting trends of psychology....
Introduction There is a prominent way to analyze leadership behavior using psychological models. The psychodynamic paradigm that recently became widely used in business seems to allow conducting a comprehensive and multifactorial analysis of a leader’s behaviors and deciding whether the leadership style fits the task. For the purposes of the...
Introduction Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by extreme episodes of mania, which are referred to as highs, and depression, which is referred to as lows. It presents a challenge for individuals in terms of maintaining regular lifestyles since new moods may last from days to weeks or...
Case of Juan Juan is a 47-year-old male who is serving the 12th year of a 22-year sentence for armed robbery and manslaughter. During the most recent parole board meeting with Juan, the commissioners advised him to seek mental health treatment for a long history of what Juan describes as...
Introduction to Conflict Styles The Thomas Kilmann conflict mode instrument is a tool meant to help people understand the different ways in which they handle conflicts. It incorporates “five conflict-handling modes: competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating (Schaubhut, 2007, p. 1). The modes are defined using two fundamental characteristics of...
Personality psychology addresses certain fundamental research developments of the major proponents, such as Freud Sigmund and Erik Erikson. The task aims to define what other researchers have studied this issue. The first stage will be to develop an outline including a rationale for the same. The researcher will capture three...
Research Topic The proposed research is concerned with employee empowerment (EE). In particular, the varied methods of EE and their relative effectiveness are going to be studied in the view of humanistic psychology (HP). The preliminary aim of the study consists in defining the reasons for the different levels of...
Each person has a set of features and characteristics that make up his or her personality. Also, everyone has many events of the past, people, and living conditions that also affect the growth process. The combination of these factors can be called identity, a holistic picture of a person. A...
The counseling process needs to strictly follow the valid evidence gathering and adhere to the ethics code to preserve its legal aspect. It is important to note the fact that evidence accumulation should be integrative, which includes the analysis of the instruments used in acquiring data. In addition, a counselor...
Despite not currently working with children on a daily basis, I often encounter them while visiting the church on Sundays. As people want a healthier community, our church has incorporated physical activity classes into the Sunday school program and now teaches children about health as a whole, including mental and...
The mechanisms of personality development have always been of interest to psychology theorists, which gave rise to a number of personality theories. In the twentieth century, Sigmund Freud presented his psychodynamic theory of personality organization, thus introducing a set of controversial but revolutionary ideas, including the great role of innate...
Humor is a phenomenon that affects the relations people establish with others and can serve as a coping mechanism and form of aggression. According to Martin et al. (2003), humor relates to psychology and involves both negative and positive functioning. There are four humor styles affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating...
Introduction Philosophy is a fundamental study that deals with the broad questions of the meaning of life and the purpose of human existence. It can be applied to and answer essential questions concerning various spheres of human activity, for instance, politics, education, ethics, and healthcare. However, the healthcare complex, established...
Introduction Over the past decades, the number of publications on the problem of the regulation of emotions in norm and pathology in the psychological literature has increased many times every year (Anastasi, 2013). However, despite the fact that this topic is increasingly becoming the object of systematic research in both...
Personality psychology refers to a branch of psychology that deals with the uniqueness or differences in individuals. It is basically meant to show the difference in the way people perceive things. In an article by Jackie Calmes and Peter Baker in the New York Times “Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should...
Introduction In the modern world full of stress due to numerous socioeconomic issues and the constant state of competition, there is a need for therapy affordable to any person. To improve one’s quality of life and reduce stress and depression, modern therapists resort to a simple tool known to everyone...
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in Minnesota and written by two famous authors in 1939, Starke Hathaway, Ph.D., and J. McKinley, M.D. This was marked as a changing phase in the field of philosophy because it represented a deep understanding of how an adult mind works, therefore, it...
This paper is concerned with the analysis of two excerpts from scholarly articles and aims to study the use of self-reference and the legitimacy of using the personal life experience in scholarly writing. The excerpts belong to different academic fields and provide the content appropriate for each field. However, the...
The theory of the mechanisms of defense was proposed by Sigmund Freund as part of his psychoanalysis study. Psychological defense is closely connected with the peculiarities of the motivational and emotional sphere of a person. As a rule, a variety of perceptual, intellectual, and motor automatisms, which function as psychological...
Introduction In its most narrow sense, the Mozart effect refers to the proposed influence of listening to the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on mental ability. While this influence is popularly understood to involve a beneficial impact on cognitive development, the scientific claim for the Mozart effect is more restrained,...
One can distinguish the ISTJ personality type by their reliability and determination. People belonging to this type are reserved, earnest, conscientious, and loyal. Such individuals believe in the order of the day and the custom; safety and peace are what they opt for (“16 Personalities” par. 1-2). The ISTJ persons’...
The intricate mechanism of lying to oneself has long intrigued researchers in the domain of biological psychology. An array of questions regarding purpose, psychological architecture, and mental manifestations of lying emerged as a result of this scientific pursuit. The interest in the topic is highlighted by the existence of popular...
Introduction In this day and age, humans have come to the conclusion that illness and pain are not just of physical nature. Mental health problems have increased in rates over the past decade, especially among young adults. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders that can debilitate a...
Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious condition that has caused death and disability in many countries for persons below the age of forty-five years. Scientists have advanced treatment for TBI over the last years, which has helped reduce mortality rates for TBI victims. However, patients who recuperate from...
Introduction There remain a number of definitions of the term personality. An extremely great number of personality theorists define personality as an entity’s nature or quality, or that which makes one be distinct. To be distinct implies that one has to have a collection of features known as traits. Psychologists...
Psychosocial theories attempt to explain the interaction between various psychological and social variables that influence human behavior. Theories of personality seek to establish the influence of social variables on individual’s character throughout their lifespan. Much credit goes to Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud whose influence on the theory of personality...
Abstract Traumatic brain injury may have serious consequences on an individual if care is not taken to address it as soon as possible. Some of the neuropsychological symptoms of traumatic brain injury include loss of memory, inability to multitask, or slow rate of concentration. When such symptoms are detected, immediate...
Over the last twenty years, the Internet became an essential part of every person’s life. There is no doubt that technologies facilitate everyday activities and ease the accomplishment of various tasks. Nevertheless, its excessive use brings adverse health implications that became a challenge for modern psychologists. According to Monacis et...
Introduction Jessica is paraplegic and as a result, she is currently facing problems at work. The problem is due to substance she is currently abusing as a way of alleviating the situation she finds herself in. According to the case, Jessica is contemplating suicide smoking marijuana is the only way...
Introduction Adolescence comes from a Latin word that means grow. Adolescence in the common usage is a transitional stage in human development socially; mentally and psychologically. The complexity of this development stage results from; the changing relationships; stress and loss associated with the growth process; information levels and access; and...
Locke argues that there is a crucial difference between the primary and secondary qualities, the kinds of simple ideas that people receive from feeling. Some of the ideas do not resemble their causes in the world, while others do. The ideas that do resemble their primary qualities: motion, number, shape,...
Counseling theories investigate various sides of human personality and propose different ways to treat patients. Many scientists debate on the topics of human nature, the source of problems and challenges, prevention and treatment of mental health issues and more. While some theories focus on the actions of a counselor to...
Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy Humanism refers to a psychological strategy that looks into a person as a whole and focuses on their uniqueness. It was developed as a rebellion to behaviorist and psychodynamic approaches. Humanistic approaches stress conscious awareness instead of unconscious conflict and the importance of therapists to comprehend...
Research Problem and Purpose Katon, Russo, and Gavin (2014) focused on the problem of postpartum depression (PPD) and its identification, because it is a common issue that leads to adverse health outcomes and worsens women’s quality of life, but is difficult to prevent and treat at last stages. The purpose...
Introduction Treatment of juvenile offenders is an interesting topic for discussion. Most of the population prefers to ignore this issue since it is a very serious subject matter to debate on from the moral point of view. It is necessary to acknowledge the differences between adolescent and adult offenders. Springer...
This study aims to analyze two interviews based on the views of Erikson, Vaillant, Levinson, and Peck. The paper will assess the answers and place the interviewees on the development stages according to different theories. Answers Review The subjects of the research are a man and a woman, 45 and...
Child maltreatment is one of the most urgent concerns in the contemporary social sciences domain. Child neglect and abuse cases occur very frequently, and academic and practice-oriented efforts need continuous improvement to eliminate this problem. While child maltreatment is relevantly addressed in the scholarly literature, it is essential to identify...
Introduction Relational cultural theory refers to a branch of psychology that deals with human relations. The theory states that it is important for society to sustain relationships that promote growth (Walker, 2004). According to the theory, growth applies if people create inclusive relationships that support joint success rather than individual...
Statement of Problem Work pressure has occupied a great part of a consideration in social psychological exploration, and the psychological well-being of employees in the workplace is critical to avoid stress and improve employees’ performance (Vainio, 2015). Stress is inevitable in the workplace, and the effects of stress are mostly...
General Topic The main topic of this research is “optimism” and the role of positive anticipation in building a good and long lasting romantic relationship. Key Research from Intro/Lit Review In a longitudinal study involving dating couples, the researcher tested whether the optimists and the romantic partners are getting significant...
The American dream for many people today is the embodiment of an impossible ideal rather than real-life aspirations, as it was in the 1960s. Nevertheless, this ideal has not changed much since then, and is still based on material values – a well-furnished house, a car, a beautiful wife, stable...
Introduction Literatures in early childhood are on the increasing end due to the early experiences and recognition of theories supporting human development. With the contribution of these theories, people came to recognize the importance of gender, adult and childhood in improving levels and eminence of education system. The contemporary society...
Introduction Epistemology is a branch of psychology that uses sensory stimuli in expounding on human beliefs concerning the world. For the past many years different authors have been trying to develop a “naturalized epistemology”. They came up with different definitions of naturalized epistemology that led to contradictions. The main objective...
Introduction Depression can be treated with the help of exercise therapy (1). There is some evidence on the topic (2), but additional research is required as well (1). The proposed study will compare the effectiveness of different types of training in managing the symptoms of depression; the therapy will also...
The case of the Logan family can be considered one of the “classic” examples of ageism. It involves a family with separated parents, who try to find a solution to the problematic situation their child has gotten into. The major problem is that not only do they not consider each...
On the life path, people play various roles in different situations, becoming either leaders or subordinates. In particular, I felt this distribution of roles during my school years. Even though this cannot be called full-fledged work, school is one of the most influential organizations in human life. I would like...
Introduction Many underage children experience numerous challenges that have the potential to affect their future goals in life. Bullying is one of such predicaments that can take different shapes depending on age, location, and race. Psychologists and experts in child development recommend the introduction of superior measures to identify possible...
Abstract Stereotyping is a normal intrinsic human behavior. Humans have a propensity to judge based on other experiences and rumors. As a result, we end up making numerous mistakes when dealing with other people. This behavior is very dangerous, especially in a working place where different kinds of people are...
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe and conceptualize the problem of the Williams family. The two parents are Antonio, a Cuban American, and Terri, who has Italian and German roots. They have three young children living with them: Jose aged 4, Jerrodd aged 3, and a four...
