The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is a test that is designed to evaluate intelligence in children of different ages. It was initially developed by David Wechsler and received a number of further improvements. David Wechsler is a world-renowned Romanian-American psychologist who significantly contributed to the development of psychological...
Temperament is a psychological term that refers to the combination of behaviors and attitudes an individual demonstrates. Therefore, temperament is a broad concept that covers a wide variety of behavior patterns and can be utilized to assess individuals. It may be influenced by both biological foundations and experience and is...
Recreating real and imaginary objects, the toy serves the purposes of mental, moral, aesthetic, and physical education. Moreover, toys help the child learn about the world around him and accustom him to purposeful, meaningful activities, promoting the development of thinking, memory, speech, and emotions. The toy should please the child,...
Trauma takes many forms, from sexual abuse, physical abuse, abandonment, and mental abuse. Handling trauma among children requires early identification of victims of traumatic events, since most are reluctant to seek help. Children exhibit apparent indicators of trauma, and specific measures can be put in place to counter traumatic events....
Children need a comfortable environment in both school and homestead surroundings. Teachers and guardians are responsible for providing and assisting with necessary materials that are essential in their daily activities. In a classroom, children need space to play, a dining area, shelves to store personal belongings, and classwork desks. All...
It seems reasonable to claim that the issue of the development of a child is relevant and vital nowadays. There is a necessity to figure out all the basic elements of the process appropriately, appealing to the newest approaches and research practices. The below discussion will focus on the interview...
James The given case illustrates child abuse and neglect as a problem involving not only a child and a parent but also grandparents. The situation reveals a greater range of facts about James’s and his family’s problem with indications of intergenerational child abuse, which is the prime hypothesis of the...
Several significant subjects currently dominate the study of developmental psychology. Problems regarding which psychologists do not have a common opinion and distinguishing views are supported by substantial arguments are called debates or issues. The nature of developmental change, the significance of crucial and sensitive moments, life span techniques against more...
Introduction Children have various needs depending on their environment, background, social support, and family structure. Children in dysfunctional families may present bigger challenges that affect their cognitive and social attributes. When it comes to children with behavioral or emotional issues, the challenges facing communities and schools are unprecedented. Gosling (2018)...
Summary Overview of the Research topic The invention of televisions has been one of the most revolutionary advancements in the field of mass media. Televisions have helped disseminate information and real-time news to the masses effectively, keeping people informed of the events in their location and other parts of the...
Introduction Unfortunately, it is no easy matter to be a parent and properly raise a child. Parental negligence is a widespread phenomenon affecting thousands of children all other the world. They tend to lose their vigilance all the time, letting their children do what they want. Apparently, it can be...
Introduction Reinforcement is a vast and natural part of everyone’s life. It is immediate, positively, or negatively affecting the learner’s reaction, or the external environment, to a specific action (Alberto & Troutman, 2013). In the education of children, this model is a critical stage, but it often occurs unconsciously. Thus,...
To identify any strengths and weaknesses of the student, it is usually necessary to use some tests and questions. However, within this assessment framework, methods of observation, passive data collection, and interviews with persons close to the subject, teachers and parents, were used. The reason for this behavior is this...
Introduction Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability III Edition is a tool used to assess and measure a child’s cognitive capacity as well as the overall intelligence. It was created and revised by Mary Johnson and Richard Woodcock in 2001. The main advantage of the give assessment tool is the fact...
Raising children is arduous as parents are tasked with introducing their children to society and acceptable norms of behavior in it. Dealing with misbehavior and refusal to follow instructions is one of the most significant challenges for parents as advice on the appropriate methods of punishment continues to change. Thus,...
Bandura showed through his experiment that the formation of aggression in children occurs through observation and interaction with other people. During the first experiment in 1961, the children watched in person as an adult viciously beat Bobo – an inflatable doll about a meter high – for about 10 minutes....
Children see the world and experience things in a completely different way than adults. Playing, as a tool for the development of children and learning the world, is important. Through the game, the simplest basic concepts about some concerns are built and become the basis for further analysis in adulthood....
Intellectual disability The introduction of the term ‘intellectual disability’ into medical circulation is caused to replace the previous title ‘mental retardation.’ After discussions between medical professionals and society, the proposed term was explained. Intellectual disability is a disorder of neural development that causes trouble in social, personal, educational or professional...
Mental disorders among children and adolescents Childhood is a crucial stage in human development that can influence the future course of one’s life, making a person vulnerable or resilient depending on the scope of risk and protective factors. The risk factor is a situation that will result in a negative...
Play is the main activity of preschool children: in the game, the child’s personality blossoms entirely. During the game process, a child’s will, emotions, cognitive processes, and interests interact and cooperate. As a result, positive changes in the personality of the child emerge. Children’s games can be viewed as the...
Introduction Problems of young adults are usually rooted in their childhood, and many psychologists and sociologists are interested in analyzing people’s past experiences and current achievements. Maltreatment in the childhood period occurs for different reasons, and not many adults or children are ready to report their problems. Although some abuse...
When placing children in foster families, it is necessary to remember that the child must formulate organized attachments. Therefore, helping foster parents in developing parenting behavior plays a key role. The primary purpose of the foster care system is to protect children and provide them with a calm, safe, and...
A high-quality daycare center plays a vital role in the appropriate development of children. While many children attend daycare centers and spend six hours a day on average in these facilities, the quality of such facilities is not necessarily satisfactory. Such factors as adequate attention to each infant, encouragement of...
The survey is all about the determination of self-esteem among individuals, especially children, and the youth. It also gives insights into the rationale of self-esteem. It also takes into account the factors that may affect the self-esteem of specific individuals in society. What could actions help boost the self-esteem of...
Divorce of parents negatively affects the well-being of children. Eyo (2018) suggests that parents’ divorce influence the children psychologically. Consequently, children become isolated and stop communicating with their peers, often not realizing that they are not a problem of parental separation. In some cases, this psychological trauma may affect their...
This article is devoted to the problem of assessing the risk of suicide among schoolchildren. It is said about the inaccuracies that accompany the assessment of the risk of suicide and the great responsibility of school consultants who should create risk groups. This article also reveals that students often hide...
Sophia is a seven-year-old client diagnosed with autism spectrum (ASD) disorder at the age of 5. She has significant difficulties in completing assignments whenever her mother does not supervise her. The parents are also concerned about the decreased social interactions in their child. She lives in the suburbs of the...
Brief Review and Analysis At an early stage, children are aware of death even though they have little understanding of it. Death has become a popular theme in television and cartoon networks. For instance, with the increasing cases of COVID-19 infection, associated deaths are reported on local television channels daily....
Raising a child, taking care of their health and well–being is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of discipline and persistence from parents. As practice shows, even in well-off families, where parents experience sincere love and affection for their children, such forms of influence on the child as corporal...
In the modern world, more and more attention is paid to the study of the learning process and the development of the most effective educational techniques. This trend becomes especially important with the spread of the concept of machine learning and the search for new non-standard approaches. Cognitive researchers are...
Parents’ approval and acceptance are the main factors to ensure the stable development of a child’s healthy self-esteem. The children’s path to follow in life depends on the basics of self-esteem that they gain in childhood. However, many adults fall victim to their psychological problems, which are rooted deep in...
Bradley’s article is devoted to the adaptation of immigrants, specifically, their children, to a new society and culture. In most cases, these children face several problems, mostly related to the difference in domestic culture and customs of the “outside” world. More complex conditions for receiving child care and education for...
Introduction The phenomenon of abuse towards children has been a significant topic of research for numerous scholars throughout the world. Such manifestations as sexual and emotional violence cause various negative ramifications for the victims, originating with physical and psychological suffering. Although several theoretical and legal resolutions were suggested to battle...
In teaching children with autism or autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), using prompts is vital. Prompts allow preschool learners to engage in problem-solving, thus building the necessary skillset and progressing to the next developmental stage. In the video titled “ABA Autism Training – Chapter 3 – Prompting,” several main types of...
The interaction of a child with the outside world occurs according to different principles than that of adults. While the finished product is essential for most of them, children think and perceive the world around them differently. Although exercises, such as games, help children develop motor skills, children do not...
I used observation as the primary method of assessing a child’s development, which helped me thoroughly study its features in the main areas of the general education program of the group. To achieve the necessary indicators, I carefully planned and developed observation procedures. In the process, I thought about the...
Integrative Therapy Integrative therapy describes a more progressive model of psychotherapy in which a wide range of tools and approaches to treatment are combined and tailored to match their unique, singular context. In practice, the therapist selects a blend of methods and models from different theoretical orientations to best match...
Fung, J., Kim, J. J., Jin, J., Chen, G., Bear, L., & Lau, A. S. (2019). A randomized trial evaluating school based mindfulness intervention for ethnic minority youth: Exploring mediators and moderators of intervention effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 1-19. Web. Fung et al. (2019) used 145 9th...
Attachment parenting Attachment is a lasting psychological bond formed between a child and their parents or primary caregivers. Attachment parenting emphasizes on developing a bond that parents can create with their children. Attachment parenting applies at infancy or an early age from 0-5 years. Attachment parenting promotes quiet alertness, thereby...
A few reasons explain why transference and countertransference are typical when working with children. Firstly, transference is present because it is difficult for children to manage their emotions. This situation results in the fact that if a child witnessed a bad or good person in the past, this experience likely...
Claudia witnessed the mugging scene, and that experience resulted in fear and anxiety. This information means that social work services could be beneficial for the client. Firstly, Chiesa (2012) stipulates that sand play can be a linking tool between a child and an adult. Social workers can use this connection...
Introduction Developmental psychology is an area that includes a wide range of disciplines and approaches to the study of human behavior and perceptions throughout the course of life. The purpose of this work is to assess the psychology of adolescents by applying relevant concepts and considering some issues with specific...
Introduction The rate of divorce in the world has significantly increased over the past few decades, and children are usually the most affected. Children are usually forced to adjust to the divorce, and there is often variability as there are several factors that affect their adjustment. In most cases, when...
Introduction The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (The Chronicles of Narnia) by C. S. Lewis This is a classic book about four siblings who go through fantastic adventures in a fantasy wonder-world. While playing hide and seek, children discover a portal to the magical world of Narnia in an...
The selected topic for Strategic Plan is the mental health of unaccompanied children refugees at the U.S. border. As part of global tendencies, millions of refugees, which include underage children and adolescents, are undertaking high-risk journeys in order to flee from poverty, violence, war, persecution, and other adverse circumstances. Due...
Storytelling is one of the oldest and most respectful communication techniques in various cultures. In storytelling, the story, through the narrator, captures the attention, brings emotions, and affects the consciousness of the listener via dance, art, play, or music. The listener of the story can create his or her world...
The purpose of the ‘getaway’ spaces is to give children a break from the impact of group life. It does not imply isolation from the group as a punishment. This is a place where one or two children can relax without interference from other children and at the same time...
Abnormal psychology is an aspect of psychology that deals with studying individuals who cannot adapt to different situations. Abnormal psychology focuses on the physical trait portrayed by an individual to one’s personality or other peoples’ life. For instance, if an individual’s behavior causes harm or disrupts one’s life or others,...
It is vital to monitor children’s behavior on a daily basis, as this helps to track changes in their behavior. Mainly, it is beneficial when a kid demonstrates challenging conduct as observation helps identify their needs and develop a better understanding of such demeanor. As a result, observation establishes the...
Abstract The purpose of the proposed research is to investigate the effect of a school-based mindfulness-based intervention on stress among ethnic minority adolescents. Preliminary research findings show that mindfulness-based therapies effectively reduce stress, depressive disorders, and other mental health conditions in at-risk adolescents (Bluth et al., 2019). There exist several...
Summary There have been increasing cases of violence amongst the youth, which has become a pressing issue in many countries, particularly the United States. Given this situation, researchers have sought to come up with explanations for this violent behavior. Obaid et al. (2018) and Şengönül (2017), for example, suggested that...
Unfortunately, in many cultures, physical punishment is still common practice in raising children. Many parents sincerely believe that spanking is the most effective and quick way to educate and influence a child. However, the majority of them do not think about what consequences this may cause. According to Okuzono et...
The conflict that has taken place in the child care setting is concerned with discriminatory attitudes of one child toward another, manifesting through bullying and name-calling. Steven is one of the child care attendees who regularly calls Jessie, an adopted daughter of a gay couple, derogatory names. This caused much...
Almost all children go through the stage of individuation when they learn to be separated from their parents. Most toddlers quickly overcome separation anxiety and get used to the situation. However, sometimes a child may have problems because of the intense emotional pain and fear he experiences when being separated...
Many parents perceive television as harmful to their children due to the violence, stupidity, and false images of the TV show. While this fact is correct, parents often overlook that television also positively impacts the development and education of children through educational programs and cartoons that teach children valuable skills...
The Early Childhood stage of development lasts from 3 to 5 years. During this period, children are already ready to master complex skills, such as riding a two-wheeled bicycle. This period is the main stage in the development of speech. This is a reason why is why it is especially...
The speech begins to develop, starting from the first days of human life. The individual characteristics of each child make up a specific picture of his language development. For example, one toddler out of five will start talking later than peers (American Academy in Pediatrics, 2019). However, some milestones exist...
Introduction As children grow, they develop physically and have measurable attributes such as weight and height. Further to this physical growth, as children grow, they also develop cognitive abilities. Jean Piaget was the first psychologist who did an in-depth study into how children acquire understanding as they grow. Piaget concluded...
Physical description of the child Laura is wearing a red, turtleneck, long sleeved shirt. She is in dark blue pants, with white open shoes. She is wearing two little ponytails on her head, each on the side. A silky hair band, which is dark blue in colour to match the...
This course had a significant impact on me since it was specially designed for students studying psychological and pedagogical specialties. It could be interesting for school and counseling psychologists, social workers, as well as teachers involved in counseling work with adolescents and youth. The course described in detail the process...
Introduction Childhood is undoubtedly the most significant period in human life, which is characterized by the comprehensive development and acquisition of fundamental skills and knowledge needed to live in society. Particularly, in this stage, individuals are inclined to experience various life events, especially dangerous and frightening ones, most intensively, which...
Firstly, the article provides a theoretical background on the research question. The authors provide a brief review of literature and studies on the topic of the influence of neighbors on the development of a child since 1990 (Minh et al. 160). Information is provided that the environment including the neighbors,...
The environment a child grows in plays a pivotal role in the development of their personality. It is not uncommon for people to experience the same problems in their adult life, which were apparent during their childhood. This tendency has received substantial attention from the researchers. Much literature has been...
One of the principal conditions for one’s success in life is motivation, and the division of this concept into extrinsic and intrinsic factors allows revealing their role and impact in the process. Similar attempts were made by Daniel H. Pink, who examined the latter notion from the perspectives of three...
Various studies have been carried out to determine how to measure intelligence. Several theologists and scientists have disagreed on whether intelligence is genetic or an influence brought by the environment one grew up in. According to Bates & Gupta (2017), the first group intelligence test was conducted in the early...
Children brought up in impoverished orphanages have a pattern of indiscriminate friendly behavior. Such children may have problems with socialization in the future since it will be difficult for them to separate good people from bad ones. A different situation may arise if the child forms an avoidant attachment style....
Physical Description Understanding the process of physical, mental, social, and emotional development is critical to managing issues occurring at certain developmental stages due to the influence of external factors. The ability to identify and isolate factors hindering an individual’s development is particularly important when observing childhood development. For this reason,...
Personality disorders are a group of mental diseases characterized by long-repeated patterns of deviating thoughts and behaviors, which become a serious obstacle to work and relationships with others. Science does not know the exact reasons for the appearance of symptoms of these conditions. However, multiple studies have managed to prove...
Introduction The concept behind attachment theory is that a child needs to develop a strong bond with at least one primary caregiver. John Bowlby first formulated the attachment theory in the 1960s, concentrating on the mother-child bond. Bowlby defined attachment as a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Cherry, n.d....
Scavenger hunt Female children grow up more masculine without a father; The child will receive a tram, regardless of the age at which he was left without a parent; The parent with whom the child was left should limit his communication with another so that he quickly forgot; A child...
Child emotional neglect is the common phenomenon observed in terms of raising psychologically healthy children. Emotional maltreatment is a behavioral relationship pattern in which one’s emotional needs are not met. They are either ignored, devalued, or merely not taken into consideration by a parent and regularly lead to depressive disorders....
Introduction The issue of video games being a bad or good idea has been a topic of interest for many years since the introduction of the first video game in the 20th century. Today, it is common to hear or read about crimes instigated by gamers. Their end plan is...
Stories that involve the elements of horror, namely, the narratives that elicit fear despite the presence of clearly fictional elements, have been fascinating young children since the dawn of time, even though the stories in question appear to have been created explicitly not for children due to the presence of...
There is a significant interdependent relationship between divorce as a form of family structure and the children’s behavior. According to Behere et al., the relationship between the parents highly affects the mental healthiness of a child (457). The researchers argue that there is a higher likelihood of readmission of a...
Child development theories explain how children grow and change throughout their young age. Theories have been developed to try and focus on various concepts associated with child evolvement including emotional, social, and cognitive growth. Since growth and development are a wide and rich subject, several theorists have come together to...
Numerous theories are studied extensively in coursework; however, some lack realism as revealed during a field study at a nearby elementary. An interview with educators at the elementary school revealed they enjoyed witnessing the diversity of growth among students since they observed children in the process of learning and inventing...
The concepts of scientific journalism and popular science journalism are most often used in the theory of journalism as synonymous. They serve to indicate the segment of the information space in which the life of science is reflected. These styles have both distinctions and similarities, consisting of the fact that...
Foster care is the care given to children facing various problems and risks in their biological homes. Such problems are attributed to neglect and abuse within the biological family. Repeatedly, biological parents neglect children with mental and physical disabilities, and for that reason, the children opt to stay away from...
Introduction After making decision to have a baby, one of the most arrangements parents should make is who will care for that child, particularly during the early developmental years. Parents have a variety of options for resolving this complicated dilemma. Some families employ full-time caregivers, and others have one individual...
Society generally assumes that parents can raise their children as they see fit, but intervenes if the parents or caregivers do not have their children’s best interests in mind. This is the definition of child abuse and/or neglect – a parent’s or caregiver’s action or failure to act that resulted...
Environmental and social disasters are uncommon, and their occurrences are widely spaced out. They greatly impact the communities living in the regions where they occur and lead to the loss of lives, livelihoods, and social amenities. The calamities bring out the hierarchy of needs. First, responders initially focus on physiological...
Introduction Each stage of a child’s development has its characteristics, especially when it comes to learning processes. Piaget’s conservation theory is one approach that suggests four stages of a child’s mental development, aiming to outline the peculiarities of acquiring knowledge at each phase (Cherry, 2020). The settings that the framework...
Joey’s Scenario In this scenario, I observed a four-year-old child, Joey, painting on another child’s work in the art center. After his peers became upset with his action and were rude to him, he started crying and isolated himself in a corner, refusing to speak to anyone. He claimed there...
Introduction The situation of the patient, Sophie, is a complicated case implying the presence of significant barriers to successful communication with peers and teachers. The factors resulting in the worsening of the client’s conduct were related to her inability to manage aggression and the consequent harm caused to other people...
In the context of present-day developments, all the childcare schedules tend to include some activities, which are intended to reveal and emerge the interests of children. There are special events and particular pastimes, which allow them to express creative bonds and unique talents. Today, it has become an integral part...
Pregnancy is considered by many as not less than a miracle. It is divided into three parts or trimesters. The first three months consist of the first trimester, the fourth month through the sixth month is the second trimester and from the seventh month till the delivery or the ninth...
Many children below the age of six experience serious traumas in their life that can cause serious mental health problems in their future life. Many of them can be in the form of major accidents from cars or fire or it can be involving broken bones or concussions. There are...
In her news report for CNN Health, Jacqueline Howard (2019) addresses the significance of screen time’s limitation for toddlers as it substantially affects their general development in the future. In general, children’s development includes motor skills, growth in communication, personal-social skills, decision-making, and problem-solving (Howard, 2019). It may be measured...
Introduction Childhood trauma is a type of psychological trauma that was caused during childhood. It is often caused by child abuse, traumatic events in the family, natural disasters, and other events that bring psychological damage to the mind of the child. This type of trauma can put a person at...
The New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) was conducted in the 1950s on infants aged 2-3 months. This study followed these children at regular intervals from infancy to young adulthood (Lamb, Bornstein, Teti, 2002). Based on this study, Thomas, Chess, Birch, Hertzig, and Korn (1963) categorized infants into three groups: easy,...
The study takes an undoubtedly important place in several other works devoted to modern people’s prejudices. Scientists argue that at an early age, children tend to adopt adult behavior patterns and their biases. To study this phenomenon, they used the terms bias and prejudice. They showed preschool children videos of...
Abstract In this paper, I will describe a mother’s typical adjustment after giving birth and I will highlight the hormonal changes that affect both the first child mothers and experienced mothers. This paper aims to discuss how they feel and the complications that might occur to the new mothers especially...
Peer support interventions play an essential role in children’s speech, such as those who have autism. They are significant to both the teaching process and the social-cognitive development of school children. However, the tendency of low interactions in the current world has raised a concern in the education curriculum. More...
Introduction Adolescence occupies a distinctive niche in the human lifespan, which is primarily characterized by self-determination, social roles’ expansion, and the formation of outlook, interests, and principles. During this period, teenagers closely explore their personalities and their surrounding environment through intense interactions with their community. They begin to be involved...
Abstract Child-rearing practices and expectations for boys and girls are very high in the sense that several differences exist in the upbringing of the two. A child’s background and environmental influences play a significant role in shaping the personality of the child. This report gives a clear depiction of how...
Children are minors whose cases are handled in special courts referred to as the juvenile courts. This is because whether a child acts as the plaintiff or the accused, their witness is always viewed to be sensitive. In circumstances where a child is sexually abused theirs follows trauma on the...
Introduction The pursuit of beauty is an ancient phenomenon among women. History is full of folklore regarding the extent women were willing to go to become more beautiful. Even women rulers such as Cleopatra of Egypt became famous not just for their leadership, but also for their beauty. In this...
Introduction The early childhood stage is a development stage where children start learning. The stage is important because it determines the effectiveness in cognitive, social, and emotional development in a child. Theorists have developed models to guide parents and guardians on how to create the best learning environments during the...
Introduction A healthy childhood means a healthy adulthood because growth and development, which take place from the fetal stage through into childhood determines the health status of an adult. The relationship between a healthy childhood and a healthy adulthood is very complex because a number of factors mediate the relationship....