Introduction In the field of learning theory, classical conditioning belongs to behavioral psychology. It suggests that if a contextual stimulus is frequently coupled with a stimulus that occurs naturally, ultimately, the former will evoke a comparable reaction to the latter. The tests with dogs conducted by Russian biologist Ivan Pavlov...
Heroin is an illegal and highly addictive drug that has adverse effects on human body. Heroin is an opioid drug prepared from morphine obtained from the seed pod of opium poppy plants. Heroin can be black or white, depending on the manufacturing process and the ingredients used. People consume heroin...
Introduction Human behavior refers to how people react to various stimuli depending on their environment. Over the years, studies have been conducted to help understand why individual conduct varies over time. This research was purposefully conducted to facilitate critical analysis of how a person’s comportment changes depending on their experience....
For every teacher, it is necessary to use special guidance techniques that help children develop socially positive behaviors. In the video, the educator, Lina Rudolph, resorts to numerous methods, indicating that they are used from kindergarten to ensure children develop positively. The most important strategy is to elaborate a valid...
People conduct activities that indirectly or directly affect their health on a daily basis. Healthy behaviors aim to improve or maintain patterns that are beneficial to the body and mind, which help prevent illness, avoid injuries or simply reduce the stress level of the everyday routine. However, health behavior can...
The ease of creating and spreading false information has led to an unprecedented rise in misinformation regarding its scope and impact. Vosoughi et al. (2018) characterize misinformation as the process of producing inaccurate information that distorts the perception of the correct information and influences people’s decisions and actions. During emergencies,...
Introduction Communication problems usually happen on the interpersonal level when people fail to understand each other or say something offensive, thus spoiling the relationships. However, the roots of such problems can be traced to deep cultural differences (Samovar et al., 2017). The inability to recognize cultural diversity may lead to...
The dichotomy of obedience and disobedience lies at the core of human existence. The creation of laws in society implies some type of agreement to follow the established rules, thus obeying a certain power. At the same time, changes in these systems come from disobedience, when the laws are challenged,...
The word has become extremely important in numerous modern societies that emphasize high social mobility. The focus on the promotion of meritocracy in both democratic and autocratic capitalist nations has proven to be instrumental in encouraging millions of citizens to acquire useful knowledge and become efficient professionals and entrepreneurs. Therefore,...
The concept of human behavior is rather diverse and complex. It has been reviewed by multiple different sciences and subjects, encapsulating decades of research, surveys, and articles. Moreover, the assessment of human behavior can be more inclusive by incorporating underrepresented cultures, concepts, and beliefs. Researching this aspect can assist scientists...
Introduction Eye contact has been emphasized as a crucial part of communication; its importance cannot be stressed more. It has been prioritized by many prominent scholars and speakers as an essential component of ensuring messages are passed effectively to an audience in face-to-face communication. This essay reiterates the knowledge already...
Introduction Man as a product of nature and society is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. A person lives and acts by doing certain things. The single concept of behavior unites his activity and communication with other people. His basic socio-psychological properties are manifested in a person’s behavior, actions, and deeds....
Introduction It is important to note that human behavior in both its individual as well as collective forms can be understood and studied in a number of ways. However, unlike the mere observational and interpretive assessments, Geertzâs thick description focuses on the context, driving forces, and intentions through an in-depth...
Introduction The central paper’s theory states that a person’s life circumstances directly influence his behavior patterns. Various kinds of trauma can provoke such social phenomena as a violation of the social reality’s understanding and the decent ability to contact people. In addition, traumatic living conditions can affect the physiological characteristics...
A personâs or an animalâs behavior is predominantly regulated by underlying motivations and emotions. In this respect, the biological approach to explaining the link between the action and affective state(s) that caused it is based on the argument of homeostasis drive (Montgomery, 2018). In this view, all living organisms seek...
Both classical and operant conditioning can be used together in human-animal interaction. These types of conditioning are the basis for the formation of preferred behavior in animals, which they show more often when repeated (Martina et al., 2020). In training, these concepts can be used as the basis for the...
Behaviorism is a psychological approach to analyzing the demeanor of animals or humans. Although this science appeared around the beginning of the 20th century with the works of John Watson, there are several antecedent influences on behaviorism. Edward Thorndike developed the theory of connectionism to explain mental phenomena. The scientist...
The ability to express oneself and reject others allows one to create a healthy relationship. However, in an attempt to define personal boundaries, some individuals turn to aggression, which discourages and undermines trust. The opposite model of aggressive behavior is assertive, enabling acting on beliefs and desires and building effective...
Introduction Data related to student delinquency rates indicate that an increase in delinquency is not associated with improving behavior. Deviant behavior continues to occur in students regardless of whether they are suspended. Suspensions have been on the rise over the past 20 years, and only in some individual districts have...
Introduction Behaviorism is one of the most popular psychological perspectives of all time. John Watson is considered to be the founder of the behaviorist movement, as he was the first one to narrow down the field of psychology research. According to Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan (2018), Watson believed that introspection was...
The Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) model is a framework used in cognitive behavioral therapy to identify, evaluate, and change problematic behaviors. In the case of Gwen, the therapist used this approach in one of the sessions, helping the client explore her problem and find ways to reduce distress while increasing...
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the key processes to understanding human behavior, and it is important to present examples for both of them. Classical conditioning refers to the process of learning by association which occurs involuntarily, and it is present in the everyday activities of people. For instance, when...
Psychology is an exciting subject that elaborates on how the human mind can be understood as well as the overall behavior. Based on the course, there are several methods that can be used to assess and determine the conduct of an individual. Among the approaches learned in the course, the...
Many people tend to confuse the difference between behaviorism and cognitive science. Even though they both deal with human behavior, they are different in psychology. The difference is defined by what causes a particular behavior. Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that deals with peopleâs actions regarding the influence of...
Target Behavior As Arnold and Boggs (2019) defined it, active listening involves an intentional focus on the listening process stretching beyond hearing the interlocutorâs words. It is manifested in empathetic, supportive listening and asking open-ended questions to understand the interlocutor better. An outcome of active listening is a well-informed response...
Social skills are the particular actions associated with the effective execution of social duties. Though commonly disregarded, social skills training sessions are critical components of conduct and classroom planning processes. Furthermore, social skills therapies centered on developmental concepts help students with behavioral issues improve their social competencies and skills. Social...
What brought the redefinition of psychology into sharper focus for psychologists was work in animal psychology. Because it viewed humans as having evolved from animal forms, psychologists could not exclude animals from their study, creating animal psychology as a new field of research (Leahey, 2018). As a result, psychologists began...
Attachment can be defined as the bond shared between two or more persons. People may have emotional closeness with one another out of natural circumstances or actions created by one’s behavior (Fearon & Roisman, 2017). Therefore, the attachment theory is concerned with how people relate to each other in society,...
The debate regarding nurture against nature has been around psychology for a long time. To comprehensively understand this topic, it is better to absorb the difference between nurture and nature. According to Sravanti (2017), “nature is the genetic predisposition or biological makeup of an individual, while nurture is the physical...
Human beings tend to think that they are always in full cognition of what they do and the choice of their behavior all the time. Human behavior is one of the societiesâ standard metrics to evaluate and describe people. Age and pain constitute some of the physical factors that affect...
Introduction The behavior, feelings, and thoughts of a human being is a complex entity that is thought to be influenced by so many things, and in my stance, nurture impacts human behavior to the highest degree. An individual’s mind controls how they act and thus their behavior. Usually, the mind...
Skinner’s book Verbal behavior explains the acquisition of language by a person from the perspective of the operant learning paradigm. Skinner tried to prove that the child begins to pronounce their first syllables and then the words only because they receive the parents’ praise. When the syllable “ma” is accidentally...
In most cases, people are often judged by their character, reasoning ability, and responses. This criterion is always related to good behaviors one exhibits, especially when faced with ethical challenges. Each person tends to respond differently to a particular situation, and mostly, there are more than one outcomes that are...
Human-Computer Interaction is a scientific field in the development of computer programs that focuses on arranging the most comfortable experience of using technological developments. These types of research focus on the field of interface as a design innovation that allows a person to interact with a machine in the most...
Introduction Interconnectivity between individuals is an essential factor among people cause of the profound effect of social relations under the family unit. The main responsibility of parents involves advocating for optimal coordination among children to enhance cognitive development. According to Gottman and Silver (2015), happy marriage involves developing shared meaning...
The term prosocial behavior refers to the positive social actions: helping others, the ability to share something, altruism, empathy, care, etc. Self-regulation denotes the direction of the action on the one who produces it. People regulate their mental state, and thus they will have the ability to empathize, the desire...
With an ever-expanding selection of gadgets, screen time has been increasingly incorporated into parenting routines; however, there may be unintended yet dangerous consequences for childrenâs health. Saunders and Vallance (2017, 323) state that children’s screen exposure begins from a very young age, with roughly half of the children and youth...
Effect of Bias on Mental Health The main idea that the author passes is how biasness affects people’s thinking about mental health. Biasness toward mental health can contribute to the misinterpretation of emotional expressions. The radio dramas in 1940 used as an instructional aid were chosen for two substantive reasons....
Methodological Behaviorism Methodological behaviorism is the feature that identifies psychology as the science to explore activities of humans and animals with the exclusion of the mental aspect. According to it, beliefs and desires do not influence behavior and should not be considered while explaining the cognitive aspects of being. Methodological...
Introduction The role of cognition of the surrounding world in human behavior cannot be overestimated. All people, no matter what closed environment they were brought up in, encounter other people, and get to know the world around them, and all this affects their upbringing and behavior. Cognition of the world...
Addiction is a complex process that is going on in the brain often dangerously unnoticed. When an addicted person inhales the smoke, drinks alcohol, or uses other ways to intake the drugs, they do not notice how fast the desire for the new dosage takes control over the limbic system....
Matrix Theory Overview Leader Example Similarities/Differences OrganizationalApplication Trait Leaders possess specific inborn qualities. Emergent traits: physical attractiveness and intelligence. Effectiveness traits: self-confidence, persistence, charisma. It does not matter âwhether leadership traits were genetic or acquiredâ (Khan, Nawaz and Khan, 2016, p. 2). The theory is limited because it focuses only...
There are multiple issues that can lead to children’s unusual behavior. Parents sometimes fail to realize all the genetic and environmental factors that may stand behind their child’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nevertheless, the overall picture that takes into account multiple factors may point to a more severe health issue or mental...
Rosenhanâs article âBeing Sane in Insane Placesâ is dedicated to the issue of sanity, insanity, and the line between them, if it exists at all. The researcher showed that distinguishing a sane person from an insane one is not easy, and the perception of normality varies greatly in different conditions....
People get into different situations and behave accordingly depending on the social group. Psychologists raise questions about why people submit to the opinion and advice of the group. Milgram conducted an experiment in which he analyzed the effect of authority on cognitive functions (mainly behavior). The experiment was part of...
Introduction Human beings are social creatures that follow codes of ethics in every aspect of their interaction. People interact through different platforms such as church and girls scout groups. The degree of obedience ensures a peaceful correlation amongst the individuals during the interaction. Presentation will emphasize the effectiveness of groups...
Introduction The subject of nature against nurture has always been a topic of heated debates and arguments. However, it is important to note that human behavior is a complex idea, which should not be studied as a whole, but rather on the basis of various aspects. Education and criminology are...
People have different motivations when it comes to acquiring new knowledge. Even students have a wide range of incentives for taking a certain program and working hard on their studies. Therefore, it is of major importance to analyze both intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation to develop the best strategy...
An individual cannot physically control their behavior for 24 hours. Half of the reactions and actions have their own triggers and are performed automatically. In general, people tend to use specific patterns of behavior as they interact with the outside world. Instead of utilizing new ways to respond to a...
The importance and significance of making particular decisions and changing behavior to protect against diseases, viruses and bacteria within the framework of COVID-19 are the following aspects. Thus, the elements mentioned above directly affect the change of different situations, thereby forming an active life position and a positive attitude. Independence...
The most effective way to help Josiah make informed decisions about his sexual behavior is to use motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. In particular, I believe it would be appropriate to use querying about the extremes by asking Josiah what changes will happen if he continues his risky sexual behavior. Such...
Motivation is a powerful concept that is often discussed within the context of behavioral psychology. In its general understanding, the motive is a driving force that pushes an individual toward a decision or an action. In most cases, this effect appears through the perceived alignment of the expected outcome and...
As presented in the case study, Jonathan often engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom, including interrupting the teacher, walking around the room, and throwing objects. These symptoms are signs that he has a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). This disorder includes manifestations of destructive, aggressive, oppositional, and antisocial behavior. DBD...
The latest video games and systems frequently top gift ideas and dominated the conversation at school and at the family dinner. Nevertheless, parents may be concerned if their child’s conduct is influenced by video games, particularly those that show violence or conflict. It is difficult to draw a clear line...
Introduction Psychopathy is among humanityâs most intriguing disorders that Dr. Robert Hare, a renowned prison psychologist, sought to understand. After years of experience with criminals, Dr. Hare identified psychopaths as breeds of astute, ferocious predators who lack guilt, compassion, or impulse control (Egan, 2016). These individuals would eagerly break social...
Introduction All psychotherapy approaches work to address the underlying thought patterns that result in psychological distress. The different treatment methods that are mostly used include behavioral therapy, rational emotive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and reality therapy. Every condition and situation calls for application of a specific type of strategy...
Summary Thanks to a subtle understanding of psychology, successful marketers can control people’s behavior and push them to specific actions. Learning about the self-concept and its connection with consumer behavior helps determine what products customers need and how to attract their attention to the brand. By understanding this connection, you...
The majority of human and animal actions have a favorable relationship with brain activity. Humans developed from their animal cousins, the apes, according to the well-known theory of evolution, and the two have similar qualities (Rowlands, 2020). Uncovering the underlying principles that drive these actions is crucial to comprehending this...
Introduction The modern reality of access to a wide variety of products and experiences has a significant drawback: individuals develop addictions to them. Gaming, shopping, working, the internet, alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs lead to severe mental and physical diseases, causing a massive burden to healthcare industries and economies. Addictions...
The nurture versus nature debate is perhaps the most classical philosophical concern in psychology. In the debate, nurture represents environmental aspects that influence human behavior, while nature represents genetic variables that determine a person’s behavior. Plato argues that a significant number of things happen naturally without the interference of the...
The health belief model (HBM) and the transtheoretical model (TTM) are two approaches to explaining the health behavior of an individual and predicting the possible changes in it. It is worth noting that the notion of a model is not synonymic to theory but presupposes the possibility of applying, in...
It is common knowledge among psychologists and neuroscientists that adolescence is a period of heightened reported and observed risk-taking. According to Crone and van Duijvenvoorde (2021), adolescence is the stage of development at which people turn into adults â that is, society’s independent members. In order for the research on...
The topic of social behavior is of the greatest importance in modern social psychology. Psychologists distinguish several types of social behavior, including competitive behavior. Social behavior should be considered from the psychological impact on people and their position in society. It implies a psychological impact on people and the occupation...
Society is an association of people, which realizes its main strength as a single concrete position supported by a considerable number of individuals. A person, being a direct part of a community, regularly possesses the opportunity to observe the actions and habits of the members of his environment. Conformity, nonconformists,...
Learning is a continuous process of memorizing information and acquiring new habits or models of behavior in different situations. The central concepts of learning are reflexes, instincts, and associative learning, which help to explain how individuals acquire new habits and skills. The theories of learning within these concepts have been...
For many centuries, scientists from various fields have been studying human nature. A fascinating aspect is a behavioral aspect, which is a reflection of an individual’s reaction to various life situations. For a deeper analysis of this area, a science called behaviorism was introduced. One of the intriguing parts of...
Introduction Psychological knowledge, methods, tools, and theories are an essential and integral part of some therapeutic and preventive measures in a care setting. Understanding and application of these concepts in practice are absolutely necessary for the work of any medical and social worker. With the help of these theories, specialists...
The dissertation entitled “Relationship of proactive personality, financial planning behavior and life satisfaction” by Lisa Smith was published in 2017. It aims to investigate the correlation between “personality, financial planning behaviors, and retirement life satisfaction” in order to determine the importance of proactivity in these areas (Smith, 2017, p. 1)....
I asked my friends a question on the number of races they thought were existent, and the majority of them said there were four races: âWhite, Asian, Black, and Australoid races.â A few contented for five races, namely Negroid, Australoid, Capoid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid races. Most people consider race as...
The article of Lee et al. (2016) examines how spirituality and religiosity influence non-sustainable and sustainable consumer behavior. When reviewing this study, I was interested how consumer behavior can be influenced by culture. As such, I now have three variables that are subculture (Lin et al. 2017), social media marketing...
Introduction Zimbardoâs experiment focused on demonstrating obedience and the effects of social institutions’ power on individualsâ behavior and conformity. The experimentâs aim was to test the hypothesis; conditions within the US prison system and the inhumane activities of prisoners and the guards being led by the values and behavior of...
Recent studies by scholars in the psychological sphere have shown rather ambivalent results considering the nature of altruism and empathy in people. Empathy is described as an ability to perceive people in need, understand the struggles of others, feel the emotional spectrum of another person, knowing othersâ feelings; whereas altruism...
The drive model and Maslow’s pyramid are pretty close to each other because each affects a person’s basic needs. Maslow’s pyramid pays more attention to a person’s life in society, and his daily life, such as having friends and lovers. The drive model focuses more on an individual’s career development,...
Each person is sure that one knows oneself well and how to interact with the world. It seems to be wrong when one delves into the model of Charles Cooley’s Looking Glass Selfie. The basic principle of the model is that one can take a lot of information about himself...
The phenomenon of aggression as one of the natural responses to negative stimuli might seem quite basic and simple to understand. However, aggression often represents a complex conundrum of emotions and is defined by a variety of factors, with the intensity of a response not necessarily matching the scale of...
Introduction Human sexuality is how we as sexual beings experience and express ourselves. Numerous elements contribute to the development of our sexuality, but arguably the most significant the actual gender. Different types of gender have a significant impact on the development of distinctive sexuality. Additionally, sexuality is a fundamental component...
A zombie is usually characterized by very distinct symptoms and behaviors which include particular walking patterns, such as a stagger, skin discoloration, appetite for humans or possibly animals, inability to speak or perform basic functions, and mostly poor frontal lobe processing. Because zombies are essentially reanimated corpses, a significant portion...
Many people throughout their lives suffer from such phobias as fear of dogs, fear of insects, fear of heights, etc. My brother, as a child, was very much afraid of a Chihuahua dog, as she bit his leg. Now he is 25 and he is still afraid of dogs. Moreover,...
For a prolonged time, individuals who take roadways have experienced aggressive driving, raising a concern to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As a result, a case scenario method is used to examine the role of self-validation in a driving situation. The hypothesis target population was drivers and the participants...
The four theories explain how people experience the world, think, and react to different situations. In the learning perspective theory, different conditions lead to different reactions and feelings. On the other hand, self-actualization helps a person to be self-sufficient and conditions someone to realize their worth. The cognitive perspective theory...
Introduction Sexual relationships are an integral part of our life, regardless of their presence at the moment and personal opinions about them. Sexual philosophy can reveal the possibility of internal conflict, denial of models of society, or adherence to personal ideology through the prism of attitudes towards the intimate aspect...
Introduction Martin is a 21-year-old student, and he suffers from bizarre behaviors. His parents noticed that he could talk to himself, Martin refused to use his cellphone to avoid activating a deadly chip in his brain, and the guy accused his parents of conspiring with the aliens. This information explicitly...
I have chosen âOverstimulation in the Modern Worldâ as a topic because I believe that overstimulation causes more problems than most people realize, and to discuss it is now as important as ever. There are numerous industries that use overstimulation to attract consumers, and the principle of overstimulation can explain...
The Stanford Experiment is one of the most controversial and shocking experiments of the last century. The work focused on the study of human nature, the response to various stressors associated with the restriction of freedom, and the changes caused by the acquisition of power. The experiment showed that a...
Experience Title Understanding behavioral intervention planning within the framework of the Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. Aligned CEC Standard Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. The standard entails facilitating the ongoing improvement of programs, plans, and services at different levels to create the perfect system...
Behaviorism Learning Theory is based around the idea of conditioning certain behaviors, which occurs through communication and other synergies with the surroundings. Some behaviorists argue that only observable behavior should be included in the idea since unobservable emotions and moods are too subjective (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Any person, regardless...
Biological theories of human behavior and criminality can be controversial topics to discuss, for it has some unclear moments. Although the researches and pieces of evidence on the biological influence on the predisposition to crimes may sound convincing and weighty, it is not enough to fully explain the criminal behavior....
Introduction Psychological profiling can be perceived as an art rather than a science since it requires a deep understanding of human behavior. As a result, forensic mental health professionals are well equipped with knowledge that allows them to review the available evidence and offer profiles of individuals who may have...
In their study meant to evaluate biases between traditional and social media-administered surveys, Kalimeri et al. (2020) explore the unique observatory function of social media for human behaviors. The scholars note that social media offers an excellent opportunity to researchers by enabling them to conduct large-scale studies and research, particularly...
The present study aims to understand the mechanisms behind the long-lasting consequences of early-life stress exposure. The researchers accomplish that by comparing the results of a number of cognitive and emotional tests conducted on rodents, modeled after human maltreatment or neglect. Some of the results were unexpected, such as varying...
The debate related to the more influential factor on human behavior has been holding for a long time. The nature-nurture dichotomy is an oversimplified strategy that identifies the human origins of development and behavior by utilizing two main principles (Honeycutt, 2019). According to this dichotomy, ‘nature’ refers to hereditary factors...
Milestone One The wellness concept has been present in the public consciousness for over 50 years. With the evolution of society, the development of technology, social relations, and the increase in life expectancy, the idea that a person should cultivate their physical form seems logical. Wellness means not just taking...
The phenomenon of procrastination is understood as the tendency to put things off, leading to psychological problems. Comparing procrastination with laziness is incorrect since the procrastinator does not rest but wastes energy on unnecessary actions instead of investing resources in what needs to be done. On the one hand, it...
Introduction Multimodal experts and parents are needed to help children and people with developmental or intellectual disabilities in all aspects of adaptive development. Throughout an individual’s lifetime, there are frequently several areas of need that are recognized in a shifting context. Individuals with developmental impairments have cognitive deficits in at...
In the analyzed video case of teaching linear measurement, four teacher behaviors indicating her expertise in her studentâs developmental stage have been observed. First, the teacher asked if the student knew about the instrument they were to work with during the lesson. Second, she made sure that the student understood...
Introduction The building blocks of self-determination theory include autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory postulates that people are inherently curious and look for choice in their pursuits. Of the three fundamental needs, relatedness has the most substantial contribution to the motivation of individuals compared to autonomy and competence. Autonomy The...
Game theory is a framework that helps to make decisions in situations where two or more players compete. Game theory is used in a wide variety of fields, including business, finance, economics, political science, and psychology (Harrington, 2015). The present paper provides five examples of how game theory explained my...
Fluctuations in socioeconomic status often play a critical role in child development and their overall wellness. Fundamentally, children born into families that are socioeconomically disadvantaged often suffer worse well-being and other lifelong implications in societies across the globe (Berger, 2019). From birth, children living under the circumstances that promote socioeconomic...
Introduction REBT is a type of CBT approach in psychotherapy that enables a client to learn challenging inappropriate and false thoughts that cause unwelcomed behavior and develop new appropriate patterns of running their lives. This therapy assumes that individuals contribute to their psychological problems and symptoms because of their unchanging...
