Matrix Theory Overview Leader Example Similarities/ Differences Organizational Application Trait Leaders possess specific inborn qualities. Emergent traits: physical attractiveness and intelligence. Effectiveness traits: self-confidence, persistence, charisma. It does not matter “whether leadership traits were genetic or acquired” (Khan, Nawaz and Khan, 2016, p. 2). The theory is limited because it...
There are multiple issues that can lead to children’s unusual behavior. Parents sometimes fail to realize all the genetic and environmental factors that may stand behind their child’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nevertheless, the overall picture that takes into account multiple factors may point to a more severe health issue or mental...
Rosenhan’s article “Being Sane in Insane Places” is dedicated to the issue of sanity, insanity, and the line between them, if it exists at all. The researcher showed that distinguishing a sane person from an insane one is not easy, and the perception of normality varies greatly in different conditions....
People get into different situations and behave accordingly depending on the social group. Psychologists raise questions about why people submit to the opinion and advice of the group. Milgram conducted an experiment in which he analyzed the effect of authority on cognitive functions (mainly behavior). The experiment was part of...
Introduction Human beings are social creatures that follow codes of ethics in every aspect of their interaction. People interact through different platforms such as church and girls scout groups. The degree of obedience ensures a peaceful correlation amongst the individuals during the interaction. Presentation will emphasize the effectiveness of groups...
Introduction The subject of nature against nurture has always been a topic of heated debates and arguments. However, it is important to note that human behavior is a complex idea, which should not be studied as a whole, but rather on the basis of various aspects. Education and criminology are...
People have different motivations when it comes to acquiring new knowledge. Even students have a wide range of incentives for taking a certain program and working hard on their studies. Therefore, it is of major importance to analyze both intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation to develop the best strategy...
An individual cannot physically control their behavior for 24 hours. Half of the reactions and actions have their own triggers and are performed automatically. In general, people tend to use specific patterns of behavior as they interact with the outside world. Instead of utilizing new ways to respond to a...
The importance and significance of making particular decisions and changing behavior to protect against diseases, viruses and bacteria within the framework of COVID-19 are the following aspects. Thus, the elements mentioned above directly affect the change of different situations, thereby forming an active life position and a positive attitude. Independence...
The most effective way to help Josiah make informed decisions about his sexual behavior is to use motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. In particular, I believe it would be appropriate to use querying about the extremes by asking Josiah what changes will happen if he continues his risky sexual behavior. Such...
Motivation is a powerful concept that is often discussed within the context of behavioral psychology. In its general understanding, the motive is a driving force that pushes an individual toward a decision or an action. In most cases, this effect appears through the perceived alignment of the expected outcome and...
As presented in the case study, Jonathan often engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom, including interrupting the teacher, walking around the room, and throwing objects. These symptoms are signs that he has a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). This disorder includes manifestations of destructive, aggressive, oppositional, and antisocial behavior. DBD...
The latest video games and systems frequently top gift ideas and dominated the conversation at school and at the family dinner. Nevertheless, parents may be concerned if their child’s conduct is influenced by video games, particularly those that show violence or conflict. It is difficult to draw a clear line...
Introduction Psychopathy is among humanity’s most intriguing disorders that Dr. Robert Hare, a renowned prison psychologist, sought to understand. After years of experience with criminals, Dr. Hare identified psychopaths as breeds of astute, ferocious predators who lack guilt, compassion, or impulse control (Egan, 2016). These individuals would eagerly break social...
Introduction All psychotherapy approaches work to address the underlying thought patterns that result in psychological distress. The different treatment methods that are mostly used include behavioral therapy, rational emotive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and reality therapy. Every condition and situation calls for application of a specific type of strategy...
Summary Thanks to a subtle understanding of psychology, successful marketers can control people’s behavior and push them to specific actions. Learning about the self-concept and its connection with consumer behavior helps determine what products customers need and how to attract their attention to the brand. By understanding this connection, you...
The majority of human and animal actions have a favorable relationship with brain activity. Humans developed from their animal cousins, the apes, according to the well-known theory of evolution, and the two have similar qualities (Rowlands, 2020). Uncovering the underlying principles that drive these actions is crucial to comprehending this...
Introduction The modern reality of access to a wide variety of products and experiences has a significant drawback: individuals develop addictions to them. Gaming, shopping, working, the internet, alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs lead to severe mental and physical diseases, causing a massive burden to healthcare industries and economies. Addictions...
The nurture versus nature debate is perhaps the most classical philosophical concern in psychology. In the debate, nurture represents environmental aspects that influence human behavior, while nature represents genetic variables that determine a person’s behavior. Plato argues that a significant number of things happen naturally without the interference of the...
The health belief model (HBM) and the transtheoretical model (TTM) are two approaches to explaining the health behavior of an individual and predicting the possible changes in it. It is worth noting that the notion of a model is not synonymic to theory but presupposes the possibility of applying, in...
It is common knowledge among psychologists and neuroscientists that adolescence is a period of heightened reported and observed risk-taking. According to Crone and van Duijvenvoorde (2021), adolescence is the stage of development at which people turn into adults – that is, society’s independent members. In order for the research on...
The topic of social behavior is of the greatest importance in modern social psychology. Psychologists distinguish several types of social behavior, including competitive behavior. Social behavior should be considered from the psychological impact on people and their position in society. It implies a psychological impact on people and the occupation...
Society is an association of people, which realizes its main strength as a single concrete position supported by a considerable number of individuals. A person, being a direct part of a community, regularly possesses the opportunity to observe the actions and habits of the members of his environment. Conformity, nonconformists,...
Learning is a continuous process of memorizing information and acquiring new habits or models of behavior in different situations. The central concepts of learning are reflexes, instincts, and associative learning, which help to explain how individuals acquire new habits and skills. The theories of learning within these concepts have been...
For many centuries, scientists from various fields have been studying human nature. A fascinating aspect is a behavioral aspect, which is a reflection of an individual’s reaction to various life situations. For a deeper analysis of this area, a science called behaviorism was introduced. One of the intriguing parts of...
Introduction Psychological knowledge, methods, tools, and theories are an essential and integral part of some therapeutic and preventive measures in a care setting. Understanding and application of these concepts in practice are absolutely necessary for the work of any medical and social worker. With the help of these theories, specialists...
The dissertation entitled “Relationship of proactive personality, financial planning behavior and life satisfaction” by Lisa Smith was published in 2017. It aims to investigate the correlation between “personality, financial planning behaviors, and retirement life satisfaction” in order to determine the importance of proactivity in these areas (Smith, 2017, p. 1)....
I asked my friends a question on the number of races they thought were existent, and the majority of them said there were four races: ‘White, Asian, Black, and Australoid races.’ A few contented for five races, namely Negroid, Australoid, Capoid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid races. Most people consider race as...
The article of Lee et al. (2016) examines how spirituality and religiosity influence non-sustainable and sustainable consumer behavior. When reviewing this study, I was interested how consumer behavior can be influenced by culture. As such, I now have three variables that are subculture (Lin et al. 2017), social media marketing...
Introduction Zimbardo’s experiment focused on demonstrating obedience and the effects of social institutions’ power on individuals’ behavior and conformity. The experiment’s aim was to test the hypothesis; conditions within the US prison system and the inhumane activities of prisoners and the guards being led by the values and behavior of...
Recent studies by scholars in the psychological sphere have shown rather ambivalent results considering the nature of altruism and empathy in people. Empathy is described as an ability to perceive people in need, understand the struggles of others, feel the emotional spectrum of another person, knowing others’ feelings; whereas altruism...
The drive model and Maslow’s pyramid are pretty close to each other because each affects a person’s basic needs. Maslow’s pyramid pays more attention to a person’s life in society, and his daily life, such as having friends and lovers. The drive model focuses more on an individual’s career development,...
Each person is sure that one knows oneself well and how to interact with the world. It seems to be wrong when one delves into the model of Charles Cooley’s Looking Glass Selfie. The basic principle of the model is that one can take a lot of information about himself...
The phenomenon of aggression as one of the natural responses to negative stimuli might seem quite basic and simple to understand. However, aggression often represents a complex conundrum of emotions and is defined by a variety of factors, with the intensity of a response not necessarily matching the scale of...
Introduction Human sexuality is how we as sexual beings experience and express ourselves. Numerous elements contribute to the development of our sexuality, but arguably the most significant the actual gender. Different types of gender have a significant impact on the development of distinctive sexuality. Additionally, sexuality is a fundamental component...
A zombie is usually characterized by very distinct symptoms and behaviors which include particular walking patterns, such as a stagger, skin discoloration, appetite for humans or possibly animals, inability to speak or perform basic functions, and mostly poor frontal lobe processing. Because zombies are essentially reanimated corpses, a significant portion...
Many people throughout their lives suffer from such phobias as fear of dogs, fear of insects, fear of heights, etc. My brother, as a child, was very much afraid of a Chihuahua dog, as she bit his leg. Now he is 25 and he is still afraid of dogs. Moreover,...
For a prolonged time, individuals who take roadways have experienced aggressive driving, raising a concern to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As a result, a case scenario method is used to examine the role of self-validation in a driving situation. The hypothesis target population was drivers and the participants...
The four theories explain how people experience the world, think, and react to different situations. In the learning perspective theory, different conditions lead to different reactions and feelings. On the other hand, self-actualization helps a person to be self-sufficient and conditions someone to realize their worth. The cognitive perspective theory...
Introduction Sexual relationships are an integral part of our life, regardless of their presence at the moment and personal opinions about them. Sexual philosophy can reveal the possibility of internal conflict, denial of models of society, or adherence to personal ideology through the prism of attitudes towards the intimate aspect...
Introduction Martin is a 21-year-old student, and he suffers from bizarre behaviors. His parents noticed that he could talk to himself, Martin refused to use his cellphone to avoid activating a deadly chip in his brain, and the guy accused his parents of conspiring with the aliens. This information explicitly...
I have chosen “Overstimulation in the Modern World” as a topic because I believe that overstimulation causes more problems than most people realize, and to discuss it is now as important as ever. There are numerous industries that use overstimulation to attract consumers, and the principle of overstimulation can explain...
The Stanford Experiment is one of the most controversial and shocking experiments of the last century. The work focused on the study of human nature, the response to various stressors associated with the restriction of freedom, and the changes caused by the acquisition of power. The experiment showed that a...
Experience Title Understanding behavioral intervention planning within the framework of the Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. Aligned CEC Standard Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. The standard entails facilitating the ongoing improvement of programs, plans, and services at different levels to create the perfect system...
Behaviorism Learning Theory is based around the idea of conditioning certain behaviors, which occurs through communication and other synergies with the surroundings. Some behaviorists argue that only observable behavior should be included in the idea since unobservable emotions and moods are too subjective (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Any person, regardless...
Biological theories of human behavior and criminality can be controversial topics to discuss, for it has some unclear moments. Although the researches and pieces of evidence on the biological influence on the predisposition to crimes may sound convincing and weighty, it is not enough to fully explain the criminal behavior....
Introduction Psychological profiling can be perceived as an art rather than a science since it requires a deep understanding of human behavior. As a result, forensic mental health professionals are well equipped with knowledge that allows them to review the available evidence and offer profiles of individuals who may have...
In their study meant to evaluate biases between traditional and social media-administered surveys, Kalimeri et al. (2020) explore the unique observatory function of social media for human behaviors. The scholars note that social media offers an excellent opportunity to researchers by enabling them to conduct large-scale studies and research, particularly...
The present study aims to understand the mechanisms behind the long-lasting consequences of early-life stress exposure. The researchers accomplish that by comparing the results of a number of cognitive and emotional tests conducted on rodents, modeled after human maltreatment or neglect. Some of the results were unexpected, such as varying...
The debate related to the more influential factor on human behavior has been holding for a long time. The nature-nurture dichotomy is an oversimplified strategy that identifies the human origins of development and behavior by utilizing two main principles (Honeycutt, 2019). According to this dichotomy, ‘nature’ refers to hereditary factors...
Milestone One The wellness concept has been present in the public consciousness for over 50 years. With the evolution of society, the development of technology, social relations, and the increase in life expectancy, the idea that a person should cultivate their physical form seems logical. Wellness means not just taking...
The phenomenon of procrastination is understood as the tendency to put things off, leading to psychological problems. Comparing procrastination with laziness is incorrect since the procrastinator does not rest but wastes energy on unnecessary actions instead of investing resources in what needs to be done. On the one hand, it...
Introduction Multimodal experts and parents are needed to help children and people with developmental or intellectual disabilities in all aspects of adaptive development. Throughout an individual’s lifetime, there are frequently several areas of need that are recognized in a shifting context. Individuals with developmental impairments have cognitive deficits in at...
In the analyzed video case of teaching linear measurement, four teacher behaviors indicating her expertise in her student’s developmental stage have been observed. First, the teacher asked if the student knew about the instrument they were to work with during the lesson. Second, she made sure that the student understood...
Introduction The building blocks of self-determination theory include autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory postulates that people are inherently curious and look for choice in their pursuits. Of the three fundamental needs, relatedness has the most substantial contribution to the motivation of individuals compared to autonomy and competence. Autonomy The...
Game theory is a framework that helps to make decisions in situations where two or more players compete. Game theory is used in a wide variety of fields, including business, finance, economics, political science, and psychology (Harrington, 2015). The present paper provides five examples of how game theory explained my...
Fluctuations in socioeconomic status often play a critical role in child development and their overall wellness. Fundamentally, children born into families that are socioeconomically disadvantaged often suffer worse well-being and other lifelong implications in societies across the globe (Berger, 2019). From birth, children living under the circumstances that promote socioeconomic...
Introduction REBT is a type of CBT approach in psychotherapy that enables a client to learn challenging inappropriate and false thoughts that cause unwelcomed behavior and develop new appropriate patterns of running their lives. This therapy assumes that individuals contribute to their psychological problems and symptoms because of their unchanging...
The Psychosocial Theory invented and proposed by Erik Erikson is recognized as one of the most influential ones in psychosocial development research. It provides invaluable insight into how individuals adopt different attitudes during different periods of their life and depending on their personal experiences and interactions (Walker and Miller 57)....
In the modern world, mental problems are becoming more common, which affect not only adults, but also children. Adolescent Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is explained by disturbances in the psychological and emotional stability of a person. In adolescence and childhood, it can affect the constant demand for attention and the...
Bullying can be described as purposeful and intended aggressive actions that make victims uncomfortable or cause harm to the victims (Nurlia & Suardiman, 2020, p. 7). Causes of bullying can be grouped into three; individual, social, and family causes. Individual causes may be a result of feelings of weakness and...
Basic Emotions Emotions are resultant feelings from failure or success of the desired goals. There are six basic emotions: fear, surprise, anger, happiness, disgust, and sadness. Understanding how human behavior is connected to emotions is the best way of motivating human behavior. Many psychologists learn and understand such knowledge, which...
The article published in Behavioral Disorders discusses the possible ways to provide education for children with or at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) without detracting from the overall education quality. Zaheer et al. (2019) points out that the most obvious reaction to children with EBD is punitive measures,...
Introduction The behavior model has been pre-eminent in matters regarding social sciences. During the twentieth century, the model became well known by medical practitioners. The model was associated firmly with the advancement of empiricist ideology, first during dogma and eventually in the science field. The model developers include Descartes, a...
Introduction Behavioral issues in children and adolescents preventing them from successful socialization frequently derive from their inability to communicate their current needs. The cases of Michael and Cathy are no exception to the rule, and they can be viewed through the lens of their failure to interact with peers and...
Abstract Self-esteem is a critical subject in the context of social relationships. The health of a relationship may depend on the level of self-esteem where high self-esteem improves relationships while low self-esteem degrades them. This relationship has been expressed in many studies, as expressed in the literature review. The current...
For people with attitudinal conflict, direct persuasion may not necessarily be effective. As Maliszewski (2011) highlights, people respond to conflict between their internal and external attitudes by exaggerating the latter to overcompensate. As a result, despite agreeing with anti-smoking messaging internally, smokers would be driven to ignore it and light...
Introduction Many people have faced various social labels and stigmas at work, in school, and in daily life. These labels are often harmful as they entail a special attitude towards the person, although sometimes they are also harmless. However, while the social origins of labeling, the process of their formation...
In psychological science, constructs appear to be an effective method for comprehending and analyzing human behavior. This term is used for labeling a cluster of covarying behavioral patterns, and therefore, it presents a mental construction. It is useful for providing an in-depth insight into the cause of commonality of people’s...
Introduction Human behavior has always been one of the most mysterious and challenging concepts in terms of justification and reasonable explanation. As a result, there is little astonishment in the fact that many sociologists decided to define the fundamentals of such justification through cognitive science and psychological triggers like motivation....
The concept of need is fundamental to Murray’s explanation of human conduct. As an invisible link that connects what is directly observed and the resulting action, need may be imagined to possess the characteristics that a comprehension of the observed phenomena demands (Murray, 1938, as cited in, Champoux, 2017). Accordingly,...
Three articles on various aspects of human personality have been studied during the preparation for this research. These articles focus on the following subjects: cognitive dissonance and how it affects the decision-making process, the evaluation of antisocial tendencies, and the traits connected to criminal personality. They also have a common...
It is definitely not a secret that every individual is different. People have distinct opinions, perspectives, ways of communicating, principles of communicating, and behavioral patterns. However, there is still a question of why human beings behave the way they do which contributes to the emergence of various discussions between professionals...
In general, the stage of change or transtheoretical model was designed to understand human behavior through comprehensive steps toward change. The stages of the model include pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance (Raihan & Cogburn, 2021). In the present day, the transtheoretical model is regarded as effective across multiple problems,...
Organizational behavior is comprised of four main areas of study, which are psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Although each of the studies people, the emphasis and focus are put on a different aspect of human dynamics. However, the primary accentuation should be given towards the field of psychology, which...
Adler believed that people have a moral way of covering their ungodly, awkward, and unwelcome self-centered character from public scrutiny. These methods, in the form of ‘cover-ups’, are what Adler referred to as safeguarding tendencies. They are self-protection measures instead of the construction of what Adler called neurotic symptoms. Most...
One of the essential points I learned about the psychology of emotions is the mechanism of the so-called fight or flight response. It is an automatic evolutionary reaction to a stressful or frightening situation that lies in an instant activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Psychology Tools, n.d.). It readies...
Introduction Suicide is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. What aggravates the current situation is the COVID-19 pandemic that triggers vulnerable people’s mental conditions and is anxiety-inducing due to social isolation, health dangers, and uncertainty. It is now common knowledge that suicidal...
Illegal in quite a number of countries, pyramid schemes are a business model that relies primarily on the enrollment of new members with a promise of payment and other benefits and collecting bonuses and commissions for recruiting. Multi-level marketing is similar to pyramid schemes in many aspects; however, this model...
In 1913, John Watson announced the creation of a new area in psychology — behaviorism. He believed that psychology must be an accurate and reliable science, therefore, it is necessary to study human behavior. The main element that determines the direction of the child’s mental development is environmental influence. To...
Introduction The life of every human being, at some point, requires making choices in terms of the future. The following process of decision-making, along with the ability to think and perceive the environment critically, is generally known as the ability that separates homo sapiens from other species. However, when it...
Health Belief Model (HBM) Key constructs The core construct of HBM is an alleged risk of a particular disease state, which includes the outcome of a supposed susceptibility to the sickness and its perceived severity. Further, the model puts more emphasis on decisional balance – the virtual weight of the...
What is courage, anyway? While this is one of the most well-known positive qualities that are ideal for many roles, the exact wording is often quite vague. In a general sense, people often understand by courage the absence of fear. This formulation is not surprising because of the roles commonly...
The interview regarding the client’s sexual history is one of the simplest ways to examine his or her sexuality effectively. It allows gathering necessary information about the clients’ past and what impact it had on them. This questionnaire covers a number of different topics from parental relationship to the client’s...
Introduction Adolescence is a complex period during which a number of physical and psychological changes are observed in humans. Primary and secondary sex characteristics in females include the development of the uterus, vagina, and ovaries, menstruation, breast growth, and skin changes (Zastrow et al., 2019). However, the biological and psychological...
It is hard to argue that how research is organized and carried out defines its results and credibility. In the context of research in behavioral science and psychology, or, to be more specific, in sociology and anthropology, the wrong choice of a research method can turn the entire project into...
According to the Jung Typology personality test, my personality type is Introvert (28%) iNtuitive (19%) Thinking (3%) Judging (50%) (INTJ). These parameters demonstrate my slight preference for intuition and thinking over sensing and feeling and a moderate preference for introversion and judging over extraversion and perceiving, respectively. In general, the...
Introduction Multiple economic, cultural, and social factors determine the development, change, or maintenance of a person’s behavior (Schneiderman et al., 2001). A single determinant cannot account for an individual’s decision to smoke or not to, eat this or the other, among other health decisions. Individual health behavior is mainly determined...
Introduction If to discuss the fact that some kind of cognitive distortions can be dangerous in real life, then the “bystander effect” undoubtedly belongs to them. However, this effect carries a threat, not to those who are exposed to it but to completely random people. This cognitive bias is that...
It is imperative to say that psychology is an essential scientific study that is incredibly diverse and intriguing. It needs to be said that it had a long history and had to deal with several changes. It is especially interesting how psychology has evolved over the years, and the dramatic...
Abstract This paper explores a relationship that exists between behavioral, psychological, socio-cultural, and lifestyle factors to major causes of mortality. The paper supports the argument that social, cultural, behavioral, lifestyle and psychological determinants of health are important in predicting mortality and longevity. The paper concludes that since most of these...
Theories, concepts and ideas on grief The loss of a loved one often causes grief and depression to those who were close to the deceased. Even with the knowledge of knowing that death is a part of growth, the thought of death scare many people. This knowledge of knowing that...
Naturalistic observation provides a researcher with the possibility to observe people and the particular features of their appearance and behavior within the natural environment without controlling and regulating the situation. To receive more evidences related to the behavior of children, it is important to observe the definite age groups in...
Factors Causing the Development of PTSD The phenomenon of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is traditionally defined as a “clinical disorder that may result after a person experiences a traumatic event” (Tsao, 2010, p. 204) and typically occurs in people, who have suffered major trauma. Despite being fraught with numerous consequences...
Application of Tuckman Theory in a newly formed multidisciplinary child protection team According to Khatri, Tuckman Teambuilding Model tackles how a group works on a given project from its existence until it concludes the task (32). Initially, the theory comprised four stages. However, Tuckman incorporated the fifth phase to address...
Situational Events to Trigger PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder is a trauma-related disorder many people suffer regularly. The reason for this disorder affecting one in fourteen adults (Ford, 2009) is that PTSD can be caused by any terrifying event that a person experiences or witnesses. A person starts suffering from nightmares,...
The Situational Events that Trigger Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Post-traumatic stress disorders serve as the direct consequences of individual fear-provoking events that take place in the life of a particular person. In other words, the effects of multiple tragic events or dramatic incidents account for the feelings of helplessness and horror....
Hypothesis This experiment seeks to prove the hypothesis that human beings are romantically attracted to people they perceive different from them. The experiment will also seek to prove the Bem’s Exotic Becomes Erotic Theory. According to Bem (2010), sexual orientation of a person is not defined directly by the chromosomal...
Introduction Leadership is the way of directing people’s activities to accomplish the particular goal (Sawai, 2013). Every leader has to identify the primary motives of the group of people (Oliver, 2006). The behavioral perspective from the chosen article exemplifies the challenges and objectives of public health leadership. The Article Depicting...