Introduction Jean Piaget revolutionized the notion of children’s development. Before his theory, it was commonly assumed that the difference between an adult and a child is just a lack of knowledge. However, the disparity goes much deeper than that, as children develop their intelligence and logical thinking over time in...
A child becomes a personality only in the process of socialization through communication and interaction with other people. Outside of society, spiritual, social, and mental development and learning cannot take place. The reality in which the development of the child takes place is called the environment. Therefore, nowadays, the study...
Abstract Various theorists make suggestions how people change and develop, physically and emotionally during their lives. At the same time, many distinguish the features and influence of the adolescence period. The theory of the stages of psychological development proposed by the psychologist Erikson notes that adolescents form their identity, determining...
Rogers’ self-actualization theory is primarily concerned with determining the conditions under which a person might fully realize their potential. The whole idea is founded on a sole life force that he refers to as the actualizing tendency. He defined realizing propensity as the integral inspiration that each human being has...
Accommodation and assimilation are the key terms, including in the theory of cognitive development, elaborated by Jean Piaget, to reflect the patterns of human progress. The former concept is critical for describing the way people learn by interacting with the world, and it means the process of forming frameworks based...
The eighth and last stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory is ego-integrity vs. despair. According to Erikson, this stage is characterized by a retrospective examination of an individual’s life choices and accomplishments. Consequently, an individual may embrace the life they have lived as worthwhile, leading to ego-integrity. On the other...
Being an Early Childhood Educator is a very responsible job that necessitates the integration of multiple skills and a well-grounded worldview philosophy that helps children pave their path in life. In my opinion, children’s education is a cornerstone of their outlook on life that predetermines their opportunities for the future....
Human Development and Psychotherapy Human development is referred to as humans’ cognitive, psychosocial, and physical development throughout life. Developmental theories present guiding concepts and principles that explain how human beings develop from when they are born to adolescents, adults, and eventually elderly people and the different changes they experience as...
Children grow through different stages before reaching adulthood, according to Piaget’s development theory. All four stages are important, and the assessment should always be done based on the child’s age. The child’s assessment scope should include the current stage as well as the past stages but should not exceed the...
Understanding child development is a vital step in laying the foundation for lifelong learning and continuous development of an individual. Therefore, examining the theories that seek to explain the concept of childhood development is extraordinarily helpful in identifying strategies that encourage the emergence of early literacy and the related skills...
Introduction Today, much information about improving child development exists, but most discussions focus on the differences between nature and nurture. Childhood is a critical period because many biological, emotional, and psychological changes occur, affecting human abilities and skills. There are theories to support and oppose both positions in the nature-nurture...
Three stages of human development, according to Comte, describe three qualitatively different societies, which are based on different values ​​and ideals. The first stage is theological; belief in a single creator god prevails. God is responsible for everything that happens in the world, and people rely on him in case...
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development refers to ways in which human intelligence undergoes growth and development. The foundation of the theory is in the inherent nature of knowledge and the ways in which it is obtained, constructed, utilized, and restructured. While the theory is focused on development within children, analysis...
Urie Bronfenbrenner has created a theory that affected a multitude of studies regarding childhood development and family relationships. His approach incorporates a broad focus that ushers researchers to take into account five different levels of systems, including meso-, micro-, macro, chrono-, and exosystems (Guy-Evans, 2020). They influence each other, resulting...
Post Nature-Nurture debates in developmental psychology focus on the issue of what has a more significant impact on human behavior – genetics or the environment (incorporating experience and learning). The nature perspective assumes its characteristics and most patterns of behavior people inherit from their ancestors. The nurture followers, in turn,...
According to Piaget, the central core of the development of the psyche is the intellect. The child develops and forms an increasingly adequate scheme of the situation – and thus, actively interacting with the environment, adapts to it. During this process, the child gradually begins to understand some of the...
Erikson’s psychosocial theory is among the influential theories in the specified chapters. According to Berk, the theory reveals the essence of personality development despite the recently recognized pitfalls of the psychoanalytic approach to development (146, chapter 6). As Berk reports, the stage of basic trust/mistrust proposed by Erikson effectively captures...
My social competence as a young child was characterized as a high-status child who had successfully undergone Erik Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development. I developed the virtues of hope, will, purpose, and competency, attributed to my good relationship with my parents and caregivers at a young age. My parents encouraged...
Jean Piaget was a twentieth-century psychologist who is most famous for formulating a four-stage theory of childhood cognitive development that is still widely accepted today. Each stage is age-specific and marked by major hallmarks that indicate the development of specific thought-processing abilities. The first stage is sensorimotor, lasting from birth...
The nature and nurture theories debate relate to two different perceptions or approaches to child development. The primary point of nature theory suggests that child development is sourced from the child’s nature or genetics data (Quinn and D’Onofrio 1). On the other hand, the nurture approach perceives child development as...
Introduction Jean Piaget is one of the leading scientists and specialists in the field of cognitive psychology and child psychology; sometimes his deep works are viewed as philosophical. Thought processes, awareness of oneself in the world of people, and opposing oneself to parents, peers – all this is laid at...
Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are among the most prominent developmental psychologists in the education sector. Their pieces of research in the developmental psychology field are both unique and remarkable. There exist many similarities between Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s ideologies; however, despite these similarities, there exist differences primarily in how each...
The assigned chapters are dedicated to the psychological theories of aging. More precisely, the chapters provide a comprehensive overview of theories of emotional well-being and aging, emotion-cognition links, social support, stereotypes, and terminal decline of functions. Overall, these readings clearly explain how to communicate with older adults, support them, and...
According to the attachment theory proposed by Bowlby, there are several stages of attachment that start to develop in early childhood. In the case of Kandi, being born and living for the first ten months of her life in a dysfunctional family have led to the disruption of her attachment...
The subject of psychoanalytic theory is human emotions and interpersonal relationships. Sigmund Freud explained the development of personality by biological factors and the experience of early family communication. He believed that children go through five stages of mental development. At each stage, the child’s interests are centered around a specific...
Similar to Freuds, started from traditional scientific approach. First work in Binet’s laboratory for quantitative intelligence measurement. Piaget’s qualitative interest rather than quantitative. Studies conducted through complex qualitative interviews of young children. Definition Developmental stage with focus on ability to think (cognitive development). i. e., how humans think as they...
Introduction A well-known Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget, is mostly famous for his multiple innovative theories and ideas on the development of cognitive functions of children in the process of growing. He was one of the founders of a new system of early education because his studies helped psychology scientists understand...
Introduction Human development and perceptions are influenced by both external and internal factors. While some argue that human development is predominantly sourced in an individual’s experiences, both biological and experience aspects certainly define the individual’s brain functionality by determining sensory signals’ processing (Handel et al.,2007). Thus, the environment of society,...
There are several development theories including Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bronfenbrenner’s theories. Piaget’s theory suggests that children undergo distinct stages of development, which implies that cognitive development occurs alongside physiological growth (Saracho & Evans, 2021). Vygotsky’s theory holds that development is influenced by sociocultural factors. Learning is supported by parents, peers,...
All people strive for the progressive realization of their talents and skills. Psychologically, personal development includes a clear image of the individual abilities and character traits and their efficient improvements. The American psychologist Carl Rogers designed the fully functioning person theory, which addresses personal development as a central point of...
Today, developmental psychologists seldom adopt either position on most areas of development; instead, they study the ties between genetic and environmental effects. Many human developmental researchers believe that biological and social (cultural, socio-environmental, and socio-economic) variables all play an important role in human development (Boyce et al. 23235). People acquire...
Introduction Attachment is the formation of affectionate bonds with people who are essential in one’s life. Freud’s theory: Early infant-mother relationships affect the entire life’s relationships. This theory was disproved: Later bonds also shape attachment patterns. The 1950s experiment with rhesus monkeys showed that attachment is more about warm connection...
In psychology, several pivotal theoretical models of human psychological development have been introduced over the years. The diversity of prominent psychologists’ opinions concerning the stages of psychological development and the critical concepts within each of them provide a basis for substantial investigation and practical implementation. Indeed, the use of theories...
Introduction The study of memory is a significant part of neuroscience as an insight into this topic could assist in the development of education, medicine and psychology. The researchers recognise several main types of memory, including long-term, short-term and working memory. The working memory model was developed in an effort...
Abstract Psychologists had become increasingly inclined to make psychology more scientific in the early 20th century. Psychologists argued that to be scientific, they needed to know only those elements to be analyzed and evaluated. A variety of different teaching theories have been proposed to explain why and how people behave....
I firmly believe that one’s development always lies in human cognitive abilities. While it is up to a parent to provide the necessary care and support, a child strives to learn about the world around them through an innate need. This impulse is inherent in all intelligent beings and is...
The factors that sparked the emergence of the lifelong perspective were of scientific matter. The researchers explored the biological, cognitive, and psychological changes throughout an individual’s life, which prompted them to develop a specific approach for explaining the nature of these changes. Namely, Paul Baltes, a German psychologist, decided to...
Personal Introduction of Childhood – Adolescence Speaking about my early years, I would not say that these life stages were filled with constant stress or troubles causing enormous emotional suffering. Raised in a two-parent family with two siblings, I received enough care and attention just like many of my peers...
Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget largely contributed to developmental psychology and education, notably exploring children’s learning styles and mental abilities. While Piaget’s theory of cognitive development postulates that children develop by interacting with their environment, Vygotsky’s approach focuses on the social and cultural aspects of a child’s life (Woolfolk, 2016)....
Attachment in humans is something each person develops during their childhood. By being close to their parents, being cared for, and interacted with, infants learn to be involved with other people. I think that the most fascinating thing about attachment is that it can be universally observed from every individual....
Human development depends on many internal and external factors and events that affect an entire life. For this reason, scientists have created many developmental theories to explain how certain events or characteristics shape personality from different points of view. In this paper, I will analyze my life in terms of...
The scholarly article “Applying Developmental Theory and Research to the Creation of Educational Games” in the New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development introduces the history of the developmental theory and principles applied to software for children, which was first made by Seymour Papert. Papert used the approach to modern...
The Application of Attachment Theory for the Case Study of Brady Attachment theory is a major factor in the development of adolescents, during which the majority of the behavioral and cognitive structure is established. Formulated by psychologist John Bowlby, it points out the fact that the deviations in social, emotional,...
Lifespan development relates to the changes and growth people undergo from the time they are conceived to the end of their physical life. Several theories and models have been developed and used to explain the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and behavioral changes that occur between a person’s conception to his...
In many countries of the world, there is a process of global population aging. Many scientists today are trying to invent drugs foraging to avoid death or delay it. Therefore, it is essential to study the general laws of the aging process, its causes and mechanisms, and possible ways to...
This post will discuss two developmental theories, Erickson’s psychosocial development, and Kohlberg’s moral development. Erickson argues that personality development is divided into eight stages and focuses on developing the I of the individual. The first two stages are for very young children; hence I don’t remember them. In the third...
There is no single theory that can give a comprehensive idea of human lifespan development. To get a more or less complete picture of it, it is important to get acquainted with several theories that are expressed in the type of periodization. This paper aims to compare and contrast two...
Introduction: Objective of the assignment Review the concept of ego integrity Examine the strategies to promote ego integrity in older adults Study groups activities to promote ego integrity Study individual activities to promote ego integrity Synthesize a conclusion What is Ego Integrity Erik Erikson divided personality development into eight crises...
Disengagement and activity theories are widely used approaches for explaining the aging process. The main difference between these two theories relates to how they perceive elderly people’s activity and engagement in social interactions. Disengagement theory is premised on the idea that the aging is a natural process and that it...
The Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development concerns the way values and aims of a person change as they age, depending on what motivates them at every major stage of their life. These motivations overlap in an interesting manner with the prevalent forms of social and cultural interest in celebrities that...
Introduction Erik Erikson’s theory concentrates on how social conversation and connection serve a vital duty in the growth of human beings. Erikson agrees that selfness grows in a range of steps of development, additionally, the theory explains the effect of social encounters all over the entire lifetime. The following entails...
Introduction Many people do not recall their first two or three years when they were toddlers, but early life experiences are likely to live with them for many years. As such, early learning continue to shape their actions into adult life. While upbringing ordeals one undergoes when growing up characterize...
Traditionally defined as adolescents’ inability to draw the line between the actual idea that other people have of them and their interpretation of others’ perception of them, adolescent egocentrism is a term coined by David Elkind (Santrock, 2015). The phenomenon is quite common in most adolescent people. In fact, the...
Abstract Human developmental life stages explain the changes children undergo as they grow and mature. Various theories have been created to explain the different development aspects that include cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Developmental life stages in human is a varied and rich subject to study. Everyone has their personal...
Introduction The time of the beginning of adulthood is a controversial measurement for defining this stage of one’s life. The reason for it is the difference of approaches of different scholars to the problem. The traditional specialists who developed stage theories with their specificities and struggles, such as Erik Erikson...
Why Worldview Matters Every individual has a different and unique way of viewing the world. Worldviews are how people see and interpret the world around them. There are different world realities for everyone due to the circumstances we grow up. For instance, the economic conditions of a person, education, and...
When I think of older people, the ideas of a different perspective on life, health issues, and the need for support come to my mind. Such connections are common for many people, and they result from different contexts, such as media, social stereotypes, and personal experience with one’s grandparents (Brierley,...
The theories of development allow understanding oneself by using self-reflection and considering the key milestones. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, my development began with recognizing the objects and creating certain schemes during the sensimotor stage up to the age of two (Babakr et al., 2019). From seven to...
The establishment of relationships between a mother and a child is a vital stage in human development. However, today, the mother is not the only caregiver involved in a child’s life. Therefore, much attention is paid to the evaluation and improvement of emotional bonds. In the middle of the 1990s,...
The strengths and challenges to Kohlberg’s theory Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is a simplistic model which is based on the premise that moral development is intrinsically linked to cognitive development, thus loosely associated with age. The theory suggests that there are three stages of moral development, preconvention, conventional, and...
Introduction Erikson’s theory of psychosocial growth is a critical, and useful theory in relation to our lives. Life is a never-ending cycle of learning and trials that help us grow.According to new research, Erikson expanded on Freud’s biological and sexually focused theory by incorporating cultural and social elements (Salkind, 2008)....
Psychologists seek to understand and identify why people behave the way they behave. Behaviours result from thoughts, which are influenced by certain factors and this is what psychologists seek to understand and analyse. Nevertheless, even though beliefs may determine one’s actions, beliefs alone cannot predict actions; similarly, actions alone cannot...
Introduction Psychology had a long history of development and co-existing with other fields of knowledge before becoming a separate academic discipline, molding its practice, and building up with different theories and approaches. This paper is to examine the origins and history of psychology and to compare and contrast the major...
Introduction Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning focuses on the study of observable behavior instead of the central mental occurrences (Henton & Iversen, 2011). In the theory, Skinner asserts that the behavior is better acknowledged through examining its causes and consequences. Even though the cause and effects relationship had already been...
Introduction According to Overholser (2010), one of the main contributors to the psychotherapy school of thought was Alfred Adler. This Viennese was born on February 7, 1870, and graduated from the University of Vienna with a Medical Degree in 1895. It is noted that, at first, Adler had opted to...
There is substantial progress in the endeavors to clarify how human development occurs. The individuals who study human advancement contend that it includes precisely distinguished stages which impose important social differences. There are several hypotheses and suggestions that are based on stage-situated human development. Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget,...
The adolescent stage is one of the most intriguing phases of development among human beings. Although familiar to many, it implies a crucial life period that requires individuals to make critical decisions amidst various challenges. Some people may misconstrue it as a particular period of development, as any other human...
My specialty area of nursing practice is a psychiatric nurse practitioner. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most frequently applied in psychiatric nursing. The theory was created in the 1960s by a German-American psychologist Erik Erikson (Degges-White, 2017). The scholar developed a man of individual psychosocial development,...
Louv’s book, Last Child in the Woods, introduced several key concepts of how daily interaction with nature is essential to our overall health. He achieved so by integrating a new and growing body of research suggesting that direct exposure to nature is crucial for healthy childhood development and the psychological...
Introduction The concept of identity statuses by James Marcia stems from psychoanalytic theory and stages of psychosocial development by Erik Erikson. Marcia’s identity status interview (ISI), which “assessed the depth and breadth of exploration and the extent of commitment in the areas of occupation and ideology,” allowed the researcher to...
Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky developed their theories of cognitive development. These two theories were created at the same time, and that is why they are often compared. Piaget and Vygotsky studied the same phenomena, but they used different theories to explain them (Obukhova, 2016). The current paper analyses each...
Social and emotional development in early childhood Social development is a process through which a child creates a notion of themselves, separate their identity from their environment, and learn to comprehend the mental state of others, facilitating their adaption to a community (Rathus, 2016). This stage of development may be...
Stages of development are useful in monitoring and measuring the growth of a child. The process is critical in highlighting the needs required at each stage. The physical assessment constitutes a vital criterion of measuring growth rate and behavioral change among children in different age groups. Essentially, the behavior of...
Introduction Development psychology is a field focused on the examination of how people’s way of thinking and behaving changes throughout their life. Contemporary development psychology is focused on lifespan development rather than child development only, which provides many opportunities for researchers and practitioners to develop strategies of continuous learning. Since...
Personal Introduction to Adulthood Many people mature into adulthood in significantly different ways due to the variety of circumstances that can affect the process. To explain them and obtain a better perspective on the development stage, scholars have formulated a variety of theories. Personal characteristics are a significant predictor that...
In her speech on TedTalks, Brown (2010) discussed the following statement: “Lean into the discomfort of the work”. In my point of view, it means to think outside the box and focus on challenges, as well as the ways to improve. For example, in social work, it is especially important...
Getting into educating young children, one must fully realize that teaching skills and knowledge on the specific subject are not enough for success. It demands understanding specific groups of students’ psychology as well. Children up to the age of 8 are especially vulnerable as they are only starting to learn...
Adolescent egocentrism is a concept that has attracted diverse views among different people. David Elkind developed this idea based on the personal fable and imaginary audience components (Bell & Bromnick, 2003). He argued that adolescents experience mentally constructed anticipations about what others think and the way they react to them....
Introduction With the rapid development of developmental psychology, researchers tried to formulate a universal definition of age to offer some developmental patterns for individuals regardless of their environment. However, nowadays, a variety of age conceptions exist, which are differentiated in terms of cultural and social background that might distort the...
The theory of James Marcia is an effective tool, which describes decision-making related to one’s career. It is based on the notions of commitment and a crisis (Kim E, 2016). A commitment is the course of actions one takes to reveal the preferences of specific activities. A crisis, in turn,...
Introduction Human development theories help social scientists, psychologists, and educators learn more about how people change throughout their lives. The importance of learning more about human development is significant as “Knowing about other people and their circumstances can help us live and work with them more effectively” (Lumen Learning, 2017,...
Zigmund Freud and Erik Erikson are widely known in the field of psychology, mainly for the creation of well-known developmental theories. Even though Freud’s psychosexual approach and the psychosocial methods of Erikson are severely distinctive from each other, the two models have much in common. The following paper is focused...
Introduction Theorists such as Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and Vigotsky developed different theories centered on human development. Some of these theories are centered on environmental influences, societies role on human development, stages that humans must go through in order to develop, and others speak on theories that say humans are active...
There are several hypotheses that try to explain human progression. Several concepts have explained different aspects of human nature, such as emotional, social, and cognitive growth. Jean Piaget was a psychologist from Switzerland who was known for having pioneered a cognitive growth theory for human advancement (Chung, 2018). In addition,...
This study aims to analyze two interviews based on the views of Erikson, Vaillant, Levinson, and Peck. The paper will assess the answers and place the interviewees on the development stages according to different theories. Answers Review The subjects of the research are a man and a woman, 45 and...
Introduction Relational cultural theory refers to a branch of psychology that deals with human relations. The theory states that it is important for society to sustain relationships that promote growth (Walker, 2004). According to the theory, growth applies if people create inclusive relationships that support joint success rather than individual...
Introduction Literatures in early childhood are on the increasing end due to the early experiences and recognition of theories supporting human development. With the contribution of these theories, people came to recognize the importance of gender, adult and childhood in improving levels and eminence of education system. The contemporary society...
Importance of Pavlov Work In the current world, Pavlovs Classical Conditioning Theory remains of relevance. It was a simple experiment on how dogs salivated with bell ringing but it has opened the world eyes on Conditional Learning (Mayers, 2008). In fact, Conditional Learning follows Pavlov’s procedure of using unconditioned stimulus...
True experiment Experiments are largely conducted to find out if certain phenomena exist or not. To find out this, scientists conduct studies in various ways. One of the methods of finding out the existence of a phenomenon is through true experiments. Empirically, true experiments are a technique that social scientists...
The theory of motivation is an important aspect in organizational behavior (Scott 12). It is an element that greatly affects the attitudes and levels of energy within a workforce in the workplace (Hanney 7). Hence, organizations need to factor all this if they have to maintain a well-functioning team. Scenario...
My interview was with Mr. Kazam Husane-Zada. He is 67 years old, living in Bayonne and is, currently, a teacher at Irvington High School. He was born on December 11, 1943 in the city of Abadan, Iran. He does not remember when he started sitting or walking, but states that...
In a number of progressive sciences, a single unifying theory, helping to explain numerous research problems within the frameworks of those sciences, exists. The field of developmental psychology is not unified by a single overarching theory which can be seen in a variety of complex explanations behind different phenomena in...
Introduction People happen to experience, evaluate and react to similar environments in different ways, which starts from the moment of birth. Extravert children tend to strive after people and occurrences around them, whereas introvert children tend to ignore them. A shrill voice evoking a touchy girl’s tears might provoke no...
Introduction Developmental psychology is concerned with the transformations that happen in the life of individuals. Initially, this field had given a lot of consideration to the changes that occur among infants and children. However, current developments have seen the inclusion of adolescents, adults and the aged (Belsky, 2010). Developmental psychologists...
Abstract Human growth and development is a stage that presents a lot of complexity. Every stage carries its own form of challenges that if not properly dealt with can linger for as long as it’s not reconciled with the present challenges. Some form of alienation from the system or society...
Attachment Freud’s major insights into the early experience, close relationships, and defensive mechanisms were preserved with Bowlby’s modern theory of attachment. The more modern view of the child’s tie to the mother, motivation, and development has replaced Freud’s opinions of dependency and drive reduction (Waters, 2005, p. 82). Attachment development...
Abstract Personality is such a complicated subject that it evades a simple definition. There is no defined criterion for determining personality. Critics of personality theories argue that a person’s behavior cannot be the basis of determining personality type. However, there are several valid efforts at defining personality theories. One of...
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development indicates that children undergo four different stages of cognitive development. The four stages include the Sensorimotor stage, Pre-operational stage, Concrete operational stage, and the Formal operational stage. Cognitive development starts after birth, when the child starts experiencing sensations in the environment. During the Sensorimotor stage,...
Introduction Human behavior and personality are the focus of different studies. In psychology, these two entities can be viewed from a variety of different perspectives. For example, the scholars that study human personality using humanistic theories and those who follow the dispositional approach will emphasize different features of personality and...