The empirical basis of psychoanalytic philosophy is psychoanalysis. It originated in the framework of psychiatry as a kind of approach to the treatment of neuroses by the method of catharsis or self-purification. Gradually, it grew from a medical technique to the level of a philosophical trend. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian...
The philosophy of self comprises a broad range of approaches to studying the specific conditions and qualities of identity. Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalysis contributes to the discourse and introduces two essential theories: the mirror stage and the gaze (Jazani 17). Both were influenced by other schools of thought, particularly Freud’s psychoanalysis....
Psychology is a science that studies the human brain and its influence on behavior. Psychologists believe that humans are accustomed beings with a programmable brain. The science aims to comprehend humanity and offer better ways to improve personality. Understanding the brain and its influence on behavior enables scholars and therapists...
Introduction For centuries, people have tried to understand themselves and their fellow human beings, and many great psychologists have helped us discover the mysteries of human intelligence and behavior. In this essay, five key figures in the history of psychology will be explained, and assess their contribution to the development...
Introduction The psychoanalytic theory approach provides a framework describing human thoughts, emotions, and behavior. The theory was developed by Sigmund Freud, one of the most famous people in psychology, in the 1990s (Weiss, 2020). Although modern psychologists have rejected some of Freud’s ideas, the psychoanalytic theory was the foundation for...
Gestalt The main idea of the Gestalt (1850-1934) psychology is that consciousness cannot be studied in parts and should be looked at as a whole. Behaviorists criticized Gestalt for the lack of statistics and no numbers when retrieving the results. It is believed that Gestalt psychology took its roots from...
Behaviorism and cognitive psychology are two psychological perspectives used to explain human behavior. The underlying assumption of behaviorism is that individuals perceive reality by connecting circumstances to their outcomes and people’s individual behavioral patterns are a choice of the best consequential option. (King, 2019). Cognitive psychology assumes that people are...
Psychoanalysis, the beginning of which was laid by Freud, undergoes constant controversy and discussion. Nevertheless, although his ideas endure some modifications, they have a relatively strong influence on psychology. Wanting to understand the causes of mental and psychological conditions and neurosis interfering with a person, he assumed that previous traumas...
Humanistic psychology, which appeared in the mid-20th century in the United States, is distinguished by a holistic approach to the person. This direction considers people as strong-willed and striving for self-actualization. The emergence of humanistic psychology was a response to the shortcomings of two other prevailing approaches – behaviorism and...
Middle adulthood is one of the important points in human life. As Harrison (2018) notes, it is accompanied by many transitions, self-reflection, and identity changes, such as becoming grandparents. Many people believe it inevitably leads to a so-called “midlife crisis,” and fear its consequences. Therefore, this life stage has become...
Introduction The psychological interpretation of mental and emotional processes is called psychodynamic therapy. It is based on object relations, ego, and self-psychology and has its roots in traditional psychoanalysis. It was created as a faster and faster alternative to psychoanalysis. The purpose of psychodynamic therapy is to treat the basis...
Introduction Like many sciences, psychology has evolved from philosophy and inherited questions and concepts which philosophy had been developing. Since the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in 1897, psychology has been progressing as an independent science and created its theories. Wundt’s approach is known as structuralism because he aimed...
Both Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory discussed human development. The philosophers acknowledged the importance of the unconscious on people’s growth and trusted that individuals’ characters develop in several predetermined phases (Singh, 2017). Although Freud’s ideas, for instance, romantic love, influenced Erikson, their theories varied in many ways. Freud...
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory explains that people’s unconscious psychological conflicts determine their behavior and thoughts. As for women, the leading theory’s assumptions include penis envy, the Oedipus complex, and various types of orgasms. These terms allowed Freud to emphasize the role of sexual development in people’s psychology and admit that...
Personal issues are part of a complex system that makes people unique. However, this individuality can attract psychopathologies that ultimately require correction through therapy to enhance the patient’s cognitive wellbeing. The present paper offers a brief distinctive understanding of person-centered therapy (PCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Although both therapeutic...
Introduction Epistemology is a branch of psychology that uses sensory stimuli in expounding on human beliefs concerning the world. For the past many years different authors have been trying to develop a “naturalized epistemology”. They came up with different definitions of naturalized epistemology that led to contradictions. The main objective...
Introduction The theories that were put forward by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung had a substantial influence on the development of the field of psychology. Both scholars took innovative approaches to study and understand the mind and their ideas keep causing controversy even in our time. Both scholars emphasized the...
Behaviorism and humanism constitute fundamental theories in psychology, which renders the differences and similarities between these two dichotomous theories essential in regards to the study of psychology. The term psychology implies the scientific study of behavior. Over the last decade, educators have engaged in heated debates on the right definition...
Introduction The choice of a particular theoretical orientation (the school or theory that the practitioner relies on) allows therapists to delve into the issue and better understand people and themselves. According to the results of the test, the main theories that I am guided by are behavioral and cognitive-behavioral. In...
Some of 20th-century thinkers and their works of literature had a profound influence on contemporary media, including cinema and fine arts, and on the way societies and individuals perceive themselves as a whole. One of such fundamentally defining pieces is Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents. The book, written in...
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze the diverse nature of psychology as a discipline. The discipline of Psychology is perhaps more diverse than any other discipline. It has more than 50 divisions, which focus on different elements of psychology and human existence. The discipline of Psychology is...
Introduction The Viennese psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud, was one of the most influential figures of the 20th century in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. His psychoanalytic theory provided a comprehensive explanation of the functioning of the human mind, in particular, and human behavior in general. This theory made a significant...
