Carbajal, G. V., & Malmierca, M. S. (2018). The neuronal basis of predictive coding along the auditory pathway: From the subcortical roots to cortical deviance detection. Trends in Hearing, 22, 1-33. Web. Carbajal and Malmierca (2018) integrated the evidence on mismatch negativity and stimulus-specific adaptation from a coding perspective to...
Introduction In recent decades, the study of mental disorders has become increasingly socially and scientifically important for a number of reasons. One of the most noticeable indicators of this is an increase in critical awareness among the population and an increased concern for the psychosocial well-being of individuals. This is...
This paper will describe the particular interest group (SIG) of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the prospects of implementation of applied behavior analysis (ABA) to their benefit. This SIG is of particular interest to me as the volume of research that has been performed considering ABA interventions for...
The example I choose for this assignment is an image from an online article. I was interested in several social deviant behaviors, and marijuana use was one of the first options. Today, people develop various attitudes toward marijuana, addressing its positive and negative health outcomes. When I found a picture...
Introduction Adolescence is a phase of human development that involves many significant changes in psychological, physical, and social dimensions. These changes may either provide opportunities for a successful transition from childhood to adulthood or present threats to youthâs well-being in the future. One area of adolescent development to be covered...
Social norms create expectations for individuals in society as they guide or constrain social behaviors, keeping good morals that help prevent deviant behaviors. They act as a baseline where individuals refer before acting to determine what is right and wrong. According to Telzer et al. (2018), a social norm can...
Introduction Robert Merton’s theory, also referred to as the strain theory, was developed by Robert Merton in1938 (Bernburg, 2019). The theory explains how society exerts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted objectives even when they lack proper means of achieving them. The pressure renders them engage in unacceptable behaviors...
The Stanford Prison Experiment is famous worldwide for its horrifying implications for the volunteer participants’ mental health. The researchers of Stanford University, aiming to analyze the nature of human aggression and violence, held this experiment in 1971 (Le Texier, 2019). There were some students with a stable mental state chosen...
Introduction Social influence is how an individual’s emotions and actions are impacted by their social surroundings. Compliance, obedience, persuasion, and indoctrination are all types of power that may significantly impact individuals and groups. Titanic’s characters’ actions and choices often reflect the impact of larger socioeconomic forces. Rose, a wealthy lady...
Introduction Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), like all personality disorders represents a stable, pervasive pattern of behavior that is present for an individualâs entire life. In generally, the configuration is primarily one of a disregard for, and a violation of, the rights of others. This manifests itself in the individual fundamentally...
Abstract Sociophobia is a specific disorder that is particularly prevalent among young people. Genetic predisposition to the anxious reaction pattern, contradictory demands of society, increasing evaluability of many situations, and unequal value of specific socially significant attributes of social prestige lead to the emergence of the disease. The assignment’s primary...
Initial Discussion Modern society is developed and aware of various phenomena existing in the world. However, multiple ambiguities and prejudice are present in contemporary human nature. It is challenging for mentally ill people to self-realize and find support because of constant pressure from other people’s sides. Although, society’s perspectives on...
The concept of male hysteria has been modified through years of medical and psychological explorations. In 1886, the psychologist Sigmund Freud attempted to confirm the notion of male hysteria and designed a specific clinical picture of this disorder (Sabater, 2021). The concept of hysteria referred to women primarily, and it...
Human rights are universal measures that help in ensuring humanity across the world. All the countries in the world have adopted constitutions that ensure the protection of their citizens from all factors that are against human rights. However, human behavior is a major element that has greatly contributed to various...
Introduction In recent years, there has been growing public awareness about economic, ethnic, and gender inequality based on institutionalized hatred of certain groups. Societal inequality has been deemed “one of defining issues of our time” (Jetten & Peters, 2019). The reasons for group-based hatred are multi-varied and complex. In addition...
Introduction Sociologists following the functionalist approach have viewed deviance as an integral element of a functioning society. There are various theories that represent these functionalist perspectives including the social disorganization theory, the strain theory, and the social control theory. Social deviance plays a positive role in society as it opens...
Introduction Human nature is a set of various, interconnected and unique aspects of human life and development. A significant number of factors that influenced the formation of man and his historical nature led to a situation in which various theories and judgments arose in order to explain and describe human...
Reducing Anxiety and Breaking Patterns of Avoidance In Chapter 7 of Learning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Wright et al. (2006) argue that avoidance is one of the major hindrances to effective management of psychological disorders. The authors observe that a large percentage of the thoughts that people have daily are part of...
Thank you for the interesting choice of topic. I find it hard to understand the constructionistsâ approach to mental illness. First, there are instances where social events can trigger mental illness. For example, wars create a vicious cycle of trauma for soldiers and civilians who may later suffer from PTSD....
To provide Michael with the necessary assistance, he must be transported to the department of organizations that can treat him. For this to happen, the process of referral must begin. First of all, it is necessary to make diagnoses for Michael, which are the basis for the provision of assistance...
This paper addresses the question of the origin of psychopathy as a personality anomaly with a social nature. There are several views on the origin of psychopathy in humans. The point of view expressed in this paper considers psychopathy as a social phenomenon rooted in childhood and social relationships. The...
Introduction A personality disorder is a personality type or behavioral tendency characterized by significant discomfort and deviations from norms. It involves personal and social disintegration, which causes the individual to experience difficulties in many areas of life. Personality disorders are typified into three clusters, varying in emotional expression and perception...
The concepts of deviance and crime are frequently used interchangeably, yet they are fundamentally different. Deviation refers to a rule violation, especially if it violates socially or culturally accepted standards. Deviance, which is nothing more than a public mistake, is often associated with deviations. Crime is an act that must...
What are some differences and similarities between deviance and crime? The major difference between deviance and crime concerns the fact that the latter is official deviance. Thus, those who commit crimes will inevitably face formal sanctions such as imprisonment or arrest (Goode, 2016). At the same time, deviance may either...
As a matter of fact, it is not a choice that always determines human behavior. It is frequently unintentional and automatic, rooted in individuals’ strong belief that other people expect them to believe a particular way in accordance with existing social norms, culture, and traditions. However, regardless of the fact...
The following chapter provides an analysis of the collective behavior that deviates from society’s normative conduct. Firstly, it discusses the difference between collective action and social movement. In this regard, it is argued that the two concepts are different in three main aspects, which include the level of organization, time,...
The PBS videos and the Washington Post article have changed my reaction to the gun control laws demanded by some U.S. groups. Current research evidence suggests that weapon availability is positively linked with the risks of gun violence incidents (Thebault et al.). However, the cause-effect relationship between the variables has...
Introduction The article “Who Would âPurgeâ? Low Self-Control, Psychopathy, and Offending in the Absence of Legal Controls,” written by Ryan C. Meldrum, Peter S. Lehmann, and Jamie L. Flexon, investigates the motives for criminal behavior. It aims at examining the assumption that people would willingly commit crimes in the absence...
Deviance is interpreted as a social issue since such conduct abuses the regulating assumptions of a defined group. It might go against officially instituted rules or casual, standard practices like criminal laws infringement (Yam et al., 2017). Deviance can differ drastically across societies, and it assists individuals with insisting and...
Introduction Dissociation, or splitting, is a mechanism that allows the mind to separate or subdivide specific memories or thoughts of ordinary consciousness. These forked subconscious thoughts are not erased. They can re-emerge spontaneously in consciousness. They are enlivened by so-called triggers, which can be objects and events surrounding a person...
One of the most effective theories that can best explain why Aileen Wuornos turned to be a serial killer is Hickneyâs Trauma Control Model. According to this theory, trauma inflicted on a person during childhood sets up the individual to assumes deviant behavior in later stages of development (Cullen, 2020)....
Introduction Socially constructed groups that were created by people based on race resulted in the formation of racist views and discriminatory attitudes. Consequently, socially vulnerable groups have to deal with the consequences of systematic racism. This essay will discuss similarities and differences between social psychology theories regarding race. These theories...
Often, counseling emerges from the confines of being strictly a science and becomes much more diverse and individualized in nature. This is a sentiment that is relayed in an article by Bethany Bray (2019) on the topic of suicide prevention. It is also frequently noticeable when discussing or observing suicide...
Joker is one of the most controversial characters in comic books and films about Batman. In the movie Joker (2019), Joaquin Phoenixâs personage Arthur Fleck (Joker) is about 32-33 years old although the actorâs actual age is 44. This fact makes the character look older, reflecting his health problems in...
Abstract The widespread usage of the internet and social media has both bad and good consequences for individuals. One expression of such harmful impacts is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a type of abuse and humiliation carried out online. Because of the increased use of social media by teenagers and adolescents, cyberbullying...
It is not an uncommon view that delusions render a person inadequate or even dangerous for society. However, not all delusions result in an adverse experience, despite being often provoked by it. Delusions can be defined as an error in judgment that persists despite the opposing evidence (Bebbington & Freeman,...
The article “The social context of delinquent conduct” by Nicholas Elmer, Stephen Reicher, and Andrew Ross was published in 1987 in The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. This paper presents the authors’ research on the antisocial behavior of individuals and the effects of their social surroundings on its occurrence....
Over the past decades, scientists worldwide have become increasingly vocal and alarmed about the dangers facing the younger generation â children, teenagers and young adults. Teenage alcoholism is different from adult alcoholism. Considering the unstable psyche of the adolescent, there is a rapid reaction to addiction and psychiatric disorders. Growth...
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is one of the ten personality disorders contained in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It is typically characterized by a persistent, inflated feeling of self-importance, expressed through excessive desire for admiration or attention and lacking empathy for others....
Introduction In modern society, the number of minors with deviant behavior is increasing, which is one of the most urgent psychological and pedagogical problems. George (2018) states that approximately 20% of the school-age population experiences a mental, emotional, social, or behavioral disorder. There is a large number of reasons for...
Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms has become widespread in recent years and has put this problem in the center of attention of sociologists, social psychologists, and doctors. Sociological theories consider deviant behavior in the context of social processes and norms established within a given society. Social...
Introduction The Sandy Hook mass shooting, which took place on December 14, 2012, in an elementary school in Connecticut, was a tragedy which appalled the whole nation and revived the debate about gun-control issues in the U.S. This attack claimed the lives of twenty-six people, most of whom were children...
Introduction to the concept of social psychology Social influence is social psychology that comprises both deliberate and indeliberate fortitudes to modify individual attitudes, beliefs, or behavior. This theory explains that some individuals are likely to adjust their actions depending on the situation they find themselves in (Gackowski, 2018). Social influence...
For ages, scholars have tried hard to identify an explanation to social deviance. While the normalcy and naturalness of things goes unnoticed by many, the intricacies involved in the daily conceptualization and attachment of meaning to actions and things remain a controversial issue in the realms of sociological scholarship. For...
Some people are more prone to developing PTSD than others because of trauma at a younger age, like physical assault or major accidents. Such experiences may cause brain hyperactivity, leading to a more vigorous reaction to stress. The condition can also be attributed to genetics, where there might be a...
The American dream for many people today is the embodiment of an impossible ideal rather than real-life aspirations, as it was in the 1960s. Nevertheless, this ideal has not changed much since then, and is still based on material values â a well-furnished house, a car, a beautiful wife, stable...
Introduction Mental health among US citizens is one of the central concerns for the US healthcare system. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2019), nearly one in five adult Americans (46.6 million in 2017) has psychological disorders. Therefore, finding ways to decrease this number is of extreme...
Most juvenile offenders have some characteristics, psychological symptoms, and behaviors, which differ from the ones of their peers not involved in crime. Without any doubt, it is essential to determine them to screen potential offenders effectively. Hillege et al. (2017) successfully identified seven subgroups of juvenile offenders based on their...
Deviant behavior is a term that is continually changing. Various types of deviant behaviors are criminal in nature while others are not. Deviant behaviors are bizarre and unexpected acts that are destructive or abnormal in nature (Humphrey and Schmalleger 3). The term deviant behavior has two viewpoints; that is the...
In modern society, a person gains greater freedom in behavior and self-expression. Foundations, dogmas, norms change, as quickly as society itself. The standards of human behavior also vary â in each community in different ways depending on their culture. Although many forms of behavior that were previously interpreted as criminal...
In the recent decade, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased as have the choices of management. However, challenges remain regarding issues associated with assessment, identification, description, and differentiation. Thus, contributing factors linked to identifying CLD children with ASD depend on the socioeconomic and ethnic settings within which...
Introduction The Bad Seed directed by Mervyn LeRoy was shot in distant 1956. This is one of the exemplary American psychological thrillers about a schoolgirl who killed three people. Rhoda Penmark who lost a penmanship medal to her schoolmate is much disappointed by this and kills the boy taking away...
Human life is full of activities that promote and hinder healthy associations among them. While some activities are aimed at strengthening human relations, others are bent on ensuring there are conflicts and quarrels among people. Some people have weird perceptions of life that make them think of life as a...
Deviant behavior is defined as a behavior that contradicts established social norms. However, from the perspective of different social theories related to deviant behavior, different deviant acts can be interpreted differently in different societies and in different countries. According to Macionis & Gerber (2006): Deviance is the recognized violation of...
Social psychology is scientific discipline that seeks to understand and explain how individualsâ thoughts and feelings influence the way they imagine and relate to each other. Hence, the discipline scientifically scrutinizes psychological aspects that are measurable and observable in human beings (Brown, 2006). It is certain that social psychology deals...
