A young adult faces numerous changes in life, with the main transition occurring when one completes school and begins looking for a job (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). The subject of understanding familial origins of individual confidence necessary for professional transitions has as gained importance in counseling psychology (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). Previous studies established an empirical link between family factors and professional indecision, professional identity, the capability of tolerating ambiguity, advancement in careers, commitment to work, and self-efficacy in occupational decision making. This article sought to establish the related incite of two-fold aspects of the family, which are family unstableness and paternal love, to an individual’s judgment concerning the capacity to fulfill activities of job hunting successfully (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). The article defined job search self-perception as one’s self-thought confidence in performing job hunt duties such as the selection and exploration of jobs. The duties include personal awareness, occupation searching, interviewing, and networking. Household dysfunction was defined as relationships that are too close or detached and entangled in a family.
Methods, Participants, and Tools Used
The study was conducted among 220 college students admitted to a middle-sized college in Midwest of the United States. Among them, 111 participants were male, 106 were female, and three participants did not disclose their gender. The participants represented various national backgrounds as follows; 193 were Anglo Americans, ten Latino Americans, two African Americans, ten Asian Americans, one responded as “other,” and four participants failed to respond. The population sample’s mean age was found to be 22.98, the standard deviation was 5.75, and the range was 44. The survey involved the distribution of about 500 survey forms to students of various courses such as music, accounting, photography, criminal investigation, computer technology, business management, and history.
The selection of these classes was made following the codes of RIASEC Holland to come up with a sample of learners engaged in a broad range of subjects. The complete survey forms were returned in the following session of class. All the 220 surveys were returned after completion leading to a feedback rate of 44%. Additionally, the participants were requested to attend an occupation seminar scheduled to take place once the study was complete.
A survey of the structure of families (FSS) was employed to evaluate the level of household afflictions existing within the origins of households. This tool consists of filling a 50-questions questionnaire aimed to measure specific interactions of the family structure which have previously been connected to maladjustment of college learners. An amended edition of an assessment tool named Peer attachment and Inventory of parents (IPPA) was employed to analyze any influence of parental affection on career development. Additionally, a scale of “The Career Search Self-Efficacy” (CSES) was also employed to investigate levels of thought individual confidence when undertaking different activities of career searching.
Results
In all participants, the sum of connection to a mother and a father attributed to about 12 percent of the disparities of occupation hunt personal efficacy (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). Among feminine participants alone, the sum of dysfunction and connection to a mother attributed to about 17 percent of the differences in occupation hunt personal efficacy. In masculine participants alone, the connection to mother attributed to about 9% of differences in occupation search personal efficacy. These findings suppose that variables of attachment to parents and processes of household dysfunction could be more complicated in terms of their connection to the career development of women (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). Generally, the results affirm that establishing an assuring base of attachment is connected to building a person who is bold and believes in his or her capability to use adaptation behaviors and skills upon necessity.
Discussion and Recommendation
This study was aimed to determine the connection between household attachment, dysfunction and occupation search personal efficacy (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). It also sought to establish whether occupation search personal efficacy for the female participants was boldly influenced by household variables more than the male gender. Findings from the regression evaluation showed that the conjunction of variables of parental affection and household dysfunction had a significant influence on individual perceptions of occupation search personal efficacy (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). The study also established that the women’s judgments concerning the capability of undertaking self-exploration, occupation exploration, activities of interviewing, and networking were connected to their attachment to both parents than in men. The article affirmed the findings of previous studies although it was associated with some limitations.
This article’s study was limited in that it took a correlational nature, therefore, it is not right to conclude that the students’ beliefs of occupation search personal efficacy were induced by the perception of having secured attachments to their parents (Ryan, Solberg, & Brown, 1996). Additionally, the study seemed to be representing various ethnic backgrounds but entirely, all the participants were white people who were members of a prosperous college in the community. In the future, the study should ensure inclusivity by selecting participants from various ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Reference
Ryan, N. E., Solberg, V. S., & Brown, S. D. (1996). Family dysfunction, parental attachment, and career search self-efficacy among community college students. Journal of counseling psychology, 43(1), 84. Web.