Before behaviorism, most scientists considered cognition to be the subject of psychology. This approach necessitated the strict division between the physical body and mind. As an objection to this dualist strategy of viewing psychology, behaviorism emerged. The fundamental idea of behaviorism is that behavior is the basis of psychology. While...
Human behavior is, to a large extent, regulated by cultural norms and stereotypes. In almost all existing societies, and definitely in the Western cultural paradigm, the image of an ideal man is connected with such characteristics as power, which is usually understood as physical strength and dominance. The power, in...
The Evolutionary Theory of Emotion Charles Darwin suggested that emotions serve an adaptive role that guarantees the survival of both human beings and animals (De Castella, 2017). Affection ensures that people can find mates to reproduce with and fear compels someone to fight or flee. The James-Lange Theory of Emotion...
Introduction In any culture, along with the ordinary, verbal language, there is also its system of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal cues convey a wide range of interpersonal and social information, including individual identity, biological sex, and gender, affect, interpersonal attitudes, and social and developmental attributes (Hall et al., 2018). In many...
Aggression and violence are states which are inherent to the majority of people. These phenomena are the most destructive factors in human relationships. Aggression is generally defined as behavior with an intention of hurting others. Violence is considered to be an act targeted at causing serious physical damage such as...
Counseling has become a widespread method to help people of different backgrounds to handle the issues they encounter. One of the reasons for this popularity is the effectiveness of this approach. For instance, Worrall et al. (2018) stated that the benefits of support groups were outlined by numerous researchers who...
Human beings exhibit forms of behavior that are unique from that of animals and other living things. This is the key distinction between them and related primates like apes, chimpanzees, and monkeys. Some people display behavior that does not conform to society’s norms. As a result, society avoids all people...
Body Behavior Non-verbal body language manifested in the process of interpersonal interaction is a human characteristic that can tell much about an individual. Specific habits, emotions, and other personal properties are reflected through gestures and facial expressions, and kinesics is designed to interpret these body movements. To assess how such...
Introduction Repetitive and restrictive behaviors (RRBs) are a type of behavior that can include stereotyped or repetitive motor movements or speech. They are further defined as being inappropriate to the situation or context (Jiujias, Kelley, & Hall, 2017). Such behaviors are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),...
Abstract This laboratory report will exhaustively describe an experiment on how it is possible to influence people’s attention. The study’s aim is to determine how and whether valid and invalid cues can impact attention results and response time. Thus, this research’s hypothesis states that valid cues improve people’s attention and...
Introduction Throughout the years, people develop different perceptions about various objects and processes. In psychology, these feelings are referred to as attitudes defined as a set of behaviors, emotions, and beliefs about a particular person, event, or item (DeLamater, Myers, & Collett, 2015). and have the power to control individuals’...
Prosocial behaviors are viewed as a sign of social and emotional competence throughout childhood. They can be defined as the ability of children to act helpfully and cooperatively. While some young children are naturally inclined to be prosocial in their first years, it is generally not an inborn trait, and...
In college life, students face various stressors, including changes in social activities, sleep patterns, conflicts with peers, and financial difficulties. The thoughts about the future career and a lack of resources can be stressful, leading to psychological and physical complications. Namely, the development of stress-related health problems is closely associated...
Every day people make choices – from how to distribute finances to when to arrange a date. The way people think determines their decisions. Sometimes, people’s minds are confused or overloaded, leading to the wrong actions related to the decision-making process. However, some straightforward measures and estimations may significantly simplify...
Landa, Frampton, and Shillingsburg (2020) examined the effects of mand training (teaching people to communicate their needs) on the ability of individuals with social issues to receive information regarding the location of objects from others. In the study, the participants were four children diagnosed with ASD. During baseline, the subjects...
Healthcare professionals are faced with many stressful situations and organizational changes in their work. Therefore, they need to develop resilience to cope with stress and prevent occupational burnout. Resilience is defined as “a combination of abilities and characteristics that interact dynamically to allow an individual to bounce back, cope successfully,...
Introduction Classical conditioning is a theory that was developed by Ivan Pavlov, which proved that behavior in people and animals can be directed using an external stimulus. He did this by placing a signal before a natural reflex, so that the subject associated the signal with the stimulus, and acquired...
Introduction The social and moral problem encountered by many societies is the phenomenon of bullying and suicide in school. It seems to be increasing at a scandalous rate. However, bullying may occur in any society or time, but what pulls attention to the bullying of children is that it frequently...
In general, deontology may be regarded as a moral philosophy that equated following rules with ethically appropriate behavior. In other words, the morality of an action is determined by its rightness based on generally accepted regulations, principles, and rules. It may be defined as a duty that has the highest...
Concept of motivation Motivation is an amalgamation of forces that instigate, direct and maintain a certain behavior that aims at achieving a specified goal (Hong-chee, 1968). It is an inside drive to behave in a certain way and the essential element influencing the attainment and setting of goals. From this...
Human behavior plays a crucial role during most fire-related accidents. A wide range of human behavior has been observed during fires in different locations and under various circumstances. Research studies of human behavior during fires includes studying people’s coping strategies, awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and motivations when they are exposed to...
Introduction Procrastination is a type of habit characterized by counterproductive, needless, and delaying patterns when approaching tasks that need to be finished by certain deadlines. There are numerous behavioral, psychological, and physiological reasons for developing procrastination habits, some of which include personality, acquired behaviors, the familial capacity to raise children,...
Nowadays, people’s minds are pretty much the same – almost everyone has the same goals and values in life, which may be: a successful career, an expensive car, a big house, high-quality and fashionable clothes, and so on. Thus, the society has set some “standards” of life, which all people...
One of the most severe and challenging problems that require an appropriate solution is suicidal behavior among teenagers and young adults. Of course, there is a great number of reasons, including traumas, emotional instability, phycological disorders, major conflicts. These factors are likely to contribute to one’s desire to commit suicide,...
The human brain is a complex organ that defines what people feel, how they react, and, in a sense, who they are. It is like a hub for all the signals about the outside world and the anatomical reactions of the individual: signals come in, get processed, and go out...
Nowadays, change is everywhere but almost everyone seems to sway away from this concept because only a few are ready to embrace it. Observations show that people are creatures that follow their daily habits and routines. It is, however, obvious that in times when change takes place, people tend to...
Introduction Human behavior cannot be called static and inflexible since it depends on a number of factors and is determined by many related circumstances. In the academic field, there are many theories and models that interpret specific features of the manifestation of emotions and feelings. By using individual concepts as...
Today, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is considered to be a psychopathology disorder that acquires an epidemic character. According to Weeks, Heimberg, Rodebaugh, Goldin & Gross (2012), around 60 000 000 are affected by this disease of mind. This means that out of 120 people, 1 will become a victim of...
Introduction Psychology is the methodical study of peoples’ manners, influence and perception. This means that psychologists are interested in reasons behind certain behaviours patterns and individuals’ feelings. Additionally, they are interested in factors that influence these human processes. Consequently, multicultural psychology refers to analysis of the effects that culture has...
Introduction Researchers and scientists have observed that the majority of children start developing feelings of attraction towards the opposite sex in the course of late childhood and early adolescence (Cameron, 2002). During adolescence, a child’s body tends to transform differently in a manner perceived as strange to them. While in...
Ways which people affect others’ thoughts There are many ways through which people affect others’ thoughts and behaviors. In this paper, I have used group dynamics as the case study of the social influence research. In most cases people tend to persuade others into acting and thinking similarly within the...
Case Study on Miss K, Personality Analysis The presented in the article called Character and Neurosis Revisited – the Case of Miss K reveals a story of a girl who experiences neurotic disorders disguised by character problems (Beal, 1968). The point is that it was hard to differentiate between them...
parent relationships and individual differences in emotion regulation. Much has been said about the future development emotionally and psychologically with regards to levels of emotional bonding, as this theory relates in some way or another to a large number of specific and general theories in psychology. Attachment provides emotional and...
In the late 19th Century, Ivan Pavlov (the known Russian physiologist) released the term respondent conditioning (an amendment of the term stimulus-response reflex) when his assistant noticed dogs secrete gastric juice on seeing or smelling food. J. B. Watson applied Pavlov’s theory to human and animal psychology and suggested that...
Misconceptions regarding seep and brain activity have prevailed since times immemorial. While most people tend to think that sleep is the period when the activity in the brain reduces or is minimal, research and study have proved otherwise. When a person is asleep, activity in the brain has been recorded...
This summary has been prepared on an APA Psychenet article entitled – “Beyond Cognition: Broadening the emotional base of motivational interviewing” (Wagner & Ingersoll, 2008, pp.191-206). Summary The article examines the beneficial and positive aspects of MI (motivational interviewing) as a viable therapy for clients having low self-esteem and motivation,...
Introduction The article discusses and analyzes the relationship of psychology with other disciplines and the various dilemmas surrounding it. The primary concern which the author tries to address in this article is whether the psychological domain is related to the psyche, the mind or the behavior of an individual. The...
Introduction The relationship between the personality and intelligence of a person and their effectiveness and success in work is not a fully studied topic. Changes occurring in modern society continuously require a person to be able to find their place in a changing social situation. Nevertheless, the intellectual and personal...
Motivation is one of the widely discussed and researched concepts. It has been explained through a number of theories, with each seeking to give a unique viewpoint to the reasons for action that provides purpose and direction to behavior. There are four early theories of motivation, namely Maslow’s Hierarchy of...
In his talk, Dr. Moen spoke about the importance of open-mindedness, acknowledgment of own weaknesses, and truthful communication with patients. Through his professional experience, the doctor found out that the mere awareness of medical theories and well-developed practical skills are not enough to change the lives of patients for the...
“Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to an enduring change in behaviour.” (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2010) In normal situations, the learning process will affect the behavior of individuals in several different ways. This paper discusses some of these influences and their outcome by considering some...
A strapping relationship exists between personality and culture adopted in society. Culture, hereditary, and environment affect human behavior (Ferraro, 2007, p.56). An individual’s immediate environment influences the behavior adapted. Environment refers to all surrounding conditions. Elements of the environment, such as relatives, friends, and communication models, contribute to the development...
Introduction Psychology theories had a great influence on modern society. They have been utilized to understand human behavior, as well as learn new behaviors. Moreover, these theories have been influential in helping parents, organizations, and governments, as well as psychologists, gain more information on human behavior. There are various types...
Introduction It is suggested that counter-attitudinal behaviors may lead to changes in the attitudes if no sufficient external justification is provided for these behaviors. In this paper, two theories about such a situation will be discussed. The first of them, the theory of cognitive dissonance, explains the changes in attitudes...
A Summary of CBFT’s Strengths and Weaknesses Cognitive behavioral family therapy (CBFT) is the most popular treatment modality among marriage and family therapists focusing on marital problems and problem behaviors within the family (Dattilio, 2010). CBFT focuses on thoughts and behaviors, particularly by looking at how the thoughts and behaviors...
The greatest minds of all times tried to understand human behavior. One of the main means of understanding this aspect is the consideration of the human behavior. The variety of approaches to human mind via the reflections in their behavior impresses. The inability of any of the representatives of psychological...
Tai’s new school has a policy that all students need to do at least 15 minutes of homework each week night. Explain and justify the steps from a Behaviour Modification approach that Tai would take to make sure his students do their homework and bring it back to school the...
Introduction Evolution psychology has attempted to provide an important framework for explaining the origin and development of human behavior. Theorists and scholars in psychology and evolution have shown that the approach was likely to solve the historical absurdities affecting the origins of human behavior. By examining psychological traits of humans,...
Introduction Behavior is a way of communication of an individual, which describes much about their health and desires. Problem behavior refers to behaviors that the society or legal authorities perceive as a setback. All human behavior occurs in a context and serves a particular purpose (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007)....
Introduction For a long time, the relationship between hormones and human behavior has been the focus of many psychologists (Swaab, 2004). However, this focus has only recently surfaced as an important analysis in the understanding of gender identity. This paper focuses on this issue by demonstrating how the interaction between...
