The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the most widely acknowledged nomenclature used by psychologists and researchers for the classification of mental disorders. It consists of three main sections. Section 2 contains diagnostic criteria and codes for routine clinical use. It...
Introduction Does wealth, money, or material possession lead to happiness? This is a question most people around the world including scientists have been asking every now and then (Burns, Marshall, Velasquez & Weill, n.d.). Baumgardner and Crothers (2009) propose that generally, people could be of two minds depending on what...
Introduction There are various explanations and descriptions about the denouncement of mentally ill people. Those affected undergo stigma and discrimination due to misperceptions, lack of awareness, and education about the disorder, which, as a result, impact the treatment and recovery process. This research aims at establishing why there is mental...
PTSD and active duty military PTSD affecting relationships of active duty military A number of factors can trigger the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the military. Given the fact that PTSD is a reaction of the individual psyche to the experience of some traumatic events, military servants belong...
Introduction It is challenging to deny that the COVID-19 pandemic has become the most unexpected and influential phenomenon in the past years. Millions of people are infected, while multiple countries experience economic problems because of the crisis. Since all efforts are taken to determine and control virus transmission processes and...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder associated with trauma and stress, especially from severe physical harm or and exposure to painful events, such as the death of a loved one or witnessing horrific occurrences. Those susceptible people to this mental disorder include military troops, those involved in rescue...
Introduction Taking care of one’s mental health might seem to be a rather basic and understandably important task, yet the threat of developing a mental health conditions are quite high, especially in adults. Depression and anxiety as frequently comorbid health issues have been known as prevalent among other mental conditions...
The article seeks to affirm the inclination of individuals with high testosterone levels to the color red. Many researchers have tried to link the color red to elevated performance, and testosterone in individuals. In addition, it has been proved that individuals with high testosterone levels are likely to go for...
Introduction Professional ethics is an integral part of counseling since it ensures proper service and helps in resolving complicated cases. In the chosen dilemma, a social worker interacts with a 15-year-old adolescent, who has depression. The boy tells that his friends offered him to try crystal meth and ecstasy, and...
Introduction In this day and age, humans have come to the conclusion that illness and pain are not just of physical nature. Mental health problems have increased in rates over the past decade, especially among young adults. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders that can debilitate a...
Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious condition that has caused death and disability in many countries for persons below the age of forty-five years. Scientists have advanced treatment for TBI over the last years, which has helped reduce mortality rates for TBI victims. However, patients who recuperate from...
Psychosocial theories attempt to explain the interaction between various psychological and social variables that influence human behavior. Theories of personality seek to establish the influence of social variables on individual’s character throughout their lifespan. Much credit goes to Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud whose influence on the theory of personality...
Abstract Traumatic brain injury may have serious consequences on an individual if care is not taken to address it as soon as possible. Some of the neuropsychological symptoms of traumatic brain injury include loss of memory, inability to multitask, or slow rate of concentration. When such symptoms are detected, immediate...
Over the last twenty years, the Internet became an essential part of every person’s life. There is no doubt that technologies facilitate everyday activities and ease the accomplishment of various tasks. Nevertheless, its excessive use brings adverse health implications that became a challenge for modern psychologists. According to Monacis et...
Introduction Jessica is paraplegic and as a result, she is currently facing problems at work. The problem is due to substance she is currently abusing as a way of alleviating the situation she finds herself in. According to the case, Jessica is contemplating suicide smoking marijuana is the only way...
Research Problem and Purpose Katon, Russo, and Gavin (2014) focused on the problem of postpartum depression (PPD) and its identification, because it is a common issue that leads to adverse health outcomes and worsens women’s quality of life, but is difficult to prevent and treat at last stages. The purpose...
Background The process of cognitive development involves various changes in the thinking process, which begin at infancy and improve progressively as an individual develops. During this period, an individual attempts to adapt to the immediate external environment through two major processes, which include assimilation and accommodation (Santrock, 2010). Here, assimilation...
Introduction Technological advancement is one of the most celebrated things in the 21st century. There have been innovations and technological development in the last fifty years than there ware in the previous duration of human existence. Advancement in information technology has brought many changes social, economic and other aspects of...
Introduction Over the past years war-related mental outcome have been given different names as combat neurosis, combat fatigue, shell shock, mental conflict, and mechanical impact exhaustion. Each name reflected a theoretical framework of the cause of psychological trauma (Shalev and others, 1996). The psychological diagnosis posttraumatic stress disorder appeared in...
DSM stands for Diagnostic and statistical Mansymptomsntal Disorders. This manual acts as a guide to many mental health professionals. They help to describe the problems of the patient after evaluation. DSM provides V-Axis evaluation, which relates to different aspect of disorder. The information is useful in the planning of treatment,...
Abstract An eating disorder is characterized by a strong feeling of either eating or not eating which adversely affects the individual’s health both physically as well as mentally. These feelings can affect one’s daily activities such as relationships and emotional well being including attitude to work and this can extends...
The notion of «psychology» has both scientific and common sense. In the first case it is used to refer to relevant scientific discipline in the second – to describe the behavior or mental characteristics of individuals and groups. Therefore, to one degree or another, everyone is familiar with the «psychology»...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the psychiatric disorders affected children of all ages. Thus, many are misdiagnosed by practitioners who see unusual behavior, anxiety, and stress as possible symptoms of ADHD. Neither method is intended to be used as the sole means of assessment. In keeping with the...
Introduction This study presents a theoretical model that illustrates the correlation between self-esteem, negative behaviors, autonomy, and life satisfaction. Self-esteem is one of the most significant personal characteristics. This trait influences confidence and self-respect. Self-esteem demonstrates how individuals perceive themselves. High self-esteem implies a positive opinion about one’s abilities and...
Discrimination and prejudice are forms of social behaviors that determine the quality of life and academic performance among college students. Experiences of prejudice turn out to be a serious stressor and a cause of mental health problems. The purpose of this research proposal is to identify the components of the...
As a problem addressed in this research proposal, human aggression and its prerequisites will be analyzed on the basis of available information from academic sources and findings presented in the public domain. The aim of this work is to determine whether the declared disorder can manifest itself as a result...
DSM IV-TR Category Definition: From text or other source Classification Schizophrenia It involves severe behavioral complications that usually affect the normal functioning of an individual. Positive Schizophrenia. There exist pathological excesses that may include distortion of normal behavior. Negative Schizophrenia. The condition is characterized by the absence of specific behavior....
Introduction Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) usually occurs after life threatening events in people’s lives. Such events might include combat in the military, assault, molestation, accidents and natural calamities. Different people have different ways of dealing with stress that they go through in their lives. Research statistics show that approximately 8.5%...
Ethical Codes In the practice of psychology, ethics of conduct may be considered one of the main components of professional competence. The ethical conduct implies the ability to show respect to diversity and dignity of patients, research participants, and other individuals with whom a psychologist interrelates in the professional context....
Introduction Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) belongs to a group of somatoform disorders or somatic symptom disorders (SSD) that manifest as medically unexplained physical symptoms. They are considered as psychiatric conditions since diagnostic tests return negative results. The chief complaints include localized or multisystem pain, neurological problems, and gastrointestinal ailments. Related...
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is an issue that affects Monica’s relationships and academic achievements. Dunsmore, Booker, and Ollendick (2013) state that the disease is characterized by behavior problems at school or at home, which was displayed in the case. Before suggesting any pharmacological intervention, it is necessary to assess additional...
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by symptoms that include restlessness, hyperactivity, inattentiveness, impulsiveness, attention deficits, and uncontrollable behaviors (Kewley, 2001). It emerges during childhood and in many cases progresses to later stages of development. Other challenges that people with the disorder encounter...
Dr. David Wechsler was an employee of Bellevue Hospital as a psychologist. He established the Wechsler intelligence degrees and the outcomes of his research were printed in the year 1939. Wechsler built the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence scale on the basis of his observation that, tests for adults at the time were...
Introduction Occupational stress and methods of managing stress in organizational environments are popular objects of empirical analysis. Much has been written and said about the role of occupational stress in organizations and their effects on the quality of employee performance. Occupational stress is one of the most serious problems in...
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety-related condition whereby a person experiences involuntary or out-of-control thoughts that keep repeating themselves in such a person’s brain hence causing great anxiety. As a result, many such people resort to compulsive behaviors aimed at countering the anxious thoughts and thus inhibiting the anxiety (Hewlett,...
Abstract Bipolar disorder is a mental issue that is accompanied by stress, anxiety and mood shifts. There are three main kinds of mood episodes helping to recognize this disorder. They include manic episodes, hypomanic episodes, and depressive episodes. The episodes vary in terms of the duration or severity. In addition,...
Introduction ADHD misdiagnosis in children literally means there are mistakes in the diagnostic process conducted by the medical practitioner or other stakeholders involved, such as the teacher or the care provider. The literature states that the process of diagnosis should be conducted in at least two settings (i.e. at home...
Abstract Anxiety disorders include the problems that have the characteristics of extreme fear, tenseness, and allied behavioral disruptions. Social anxiety disorder generates fear of social conditions where one foresees getting humiliated, judged, or abandoned. Panic disorder causes frequent unpredicted terror attacks, which occur as impulsive periods of deep fear that...
Introduction The main topic discussed in the given paper is autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan. The major purpose of the study is the investigation of various social and psychological implications of the disorder for both diagnosed and undiagnosed adults and children with autism, as well as their caregivers and...
Introduction Psychological anomaly is a branch of psychology that focuses on new ways of understanding and helping people with psychological disorders. In general, the behavior is considered abnormal when the reaction of a person or rather their emotional state deviates from the norm. It deals with the study of abnormal...
Bipolar disorder is a condition of the brain, which causes abnormal shifts in activities and moods. There are two types of bipolar disorders: bipolar I and bipolar II. The general symptoms of bipolar I (a single manic episode) include talking very fast, making loud speech, insomnia, substance abuse, hyperactive activity...
According to one of the core concepts, traumatic experiences are inherently complex (NCTSN Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma Task Force 2012). All the traumatic events usually involve varying traumatic experiences. In case of Amarika and her family, their traumatic experience was witnessing a life-threatening injury. Amarika’s mother, Makisha Lawrence, was...
