Introduction Nail biting is a bad habit that mostly starts in early childhood and can last until adulthood. Nail biting may occasionally be an indicator of psychological or emotional strain. It frequently manifests in those who are tense, apprehensive, or depressed. The behavior is unconscious and instinctive, and the majority...
Introduction Therapies play a crucial role in helping individuals overcome various mental and behavioral challenges. Several types of therapies are available, each with its unique approach, techniques, and benefits. The case of two people who wish to stop eating junk food is suitable for testing the therapies. In such a...
Overview of the Study The concept of learned helplessness was defined after analyzing the results of a classic experiment of the same name in psychology. This experiment was proposed and implemented by the famous psychologist Martin Seligman, and its essence was to study the influence of uncontrollable events on the...
Introduction Behavioral change theories can be used to increase the effectiveness of a program in its planning. In this way, the planners of each particular program increase their familiarity with the topic being studied to achieve the necessary results. Consequently, it is possible to develop interventions to influence specific factors...
Background and Client Profile The client has had a difficult family situation since, in July 2022, one got into a foster family. It happened as a result of constant absenteeism and lack of supervision of the patient. As a result, Tessa needed to provide a new environment in order to...
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and Positive Behavior Support Plan (PBS) are necessary in order to change behavioral patterns when working with children with autism. It is important to identify the challenging behavior of such students as they can lead to learning and communication difficulties. For example, Armaan, who was the...
Learning Activities The report will rely on the use of cognitive and relational procedures as part of cognitive behavioral therapy with the two clients. A cognitive process that can be provided to the two clients as a learning activity is heuristics which act as mental shortcuts enabling people to solve...
ABA procedure: Client with aggressive and eloping conduct using the Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS) in a school environment Special methods: When the client exhibits SIB, a gadget with electrodes is positioned in the client’s head or arm, and an electric shock is subsequently administered. With remote control, anybody may...
Counseling and Psychotherapy In therapeutic settings, clients may benefit from a specific approach over others. For example, in trauma intervention among veterans, the counselor will start with whatever piece they have at hand. In tandem with Young’s (2021) quilt metaphor, “constructing a treatment plan…Either you pick up the pieces nearest...
Behavioral Theories The cognitive behavioral theory and the overall behavior theory are both approaches to therapy that are connected but are never the same. The therapists’ perspectives on factors that motivate the behavior set these two approaches apart. Therefore, these concepts explain human behavior or conduct and learning. CBT resembles...
Bruce Frederick Skinner (1911-1990) was an American psychologist and educator, as well as one of the most influential inventors and founders of modern theories of cognition. He obtained his doctoral degree at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in 1935. Then he joined the faculty of psychology at Canton University...
Introduction The book The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg explores the science of habit formation and how corporate management and people, in general, can deploy such routines to transform themselves. The book genre is self-help, as it elaborates on how habits are generated and sustained and gives specific guidelines...
Affirmations are thoughts, words, feelings, and emotions each person uses in everyday life. At the same time, people’s proclamations are not always positive but also negative statements (Kirsh et al., 2013). Hence, to claim benefits from life, it is vital to change one’s mindset to assortative. By altering destructive thoughts...
In 1973, William Chambliss published an essay, “The Saint and the Roughnecks,” where he presented the results of his study on stigmatized labeling and its effects. In his work, he reveals that those who were exposed to negative labeling were more inclined to wayward and wrongful behaviors compared to those...
Past and Present Symptoms Adriana is an aggressive, uncontrollable, and impulsive girl; she is passive, expressionless, and shows a wide range of shortcomings in the emotional sphere. Previously, the child had depersonalization, alienation, inability to construct interpersonal relationships, frustration with intimate and personal forms of communication, and outbursts of anger,...
Introduction Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is based on the action-oriented approach to counseling. Its purpose is to identify self-defeating negative thoughts, determine irrational feelings and beliefs, and help the client address their behavioral and emotional issues. According to Gladding (2021), Albert Ellis founded his theory of REBT in 1955,...
Classical conditioning is a learning process where one is automatically responding by associating between unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and neutral stimulus (NS). The NS is presented before a naturally occurring reflex, making one learn to associate events with certain stimuli. In Pavlov’s experiment, a dog would salivate after tasting food. When...
In his speech, Simon Sinek aims to answer the question of what qualities of a leader make people feel safe. He tells of a case where a captain rescuing a wounded soldier hugged and kissed him. In discussing the motives behind the rescuer’s behavior, Sinek (2014) concludes that the act...
I want to study psychology and family therapy to help people who love each other cope with life’s difficulties. Many families have a habit of hushing up conflicts because they are afraid of being judged by friends and especially relatives, particularly parents who are no longer young. These conflicts are...
Social skills training is a vital part of a school curriculum, but many schools ignore it. Educational facilities should strive to produce students with the relevant social skills to steer them ahead in all avenues of life. Schools can select a social skill program from the pool of programs available...
Introduction About twenty-five million youths in the U.S. abuse drugs and chemical substances. This aspect leads to immeasurable social and health problems within the American communities. Many individuals, especially those coming from unstable families, exhibit stressful lives that expose them to drug and substance abuse. Such a category of teenagers...
Introduction The student selected for intervention is Julia, a sixth-grade student who regularly attends science class – thus, her progress may be observed and recorded. Julia is a well-read and responsible girl: she loves to study and demonstrate her academic achievements. At the same time, she is frequently impatient while...
Changes in life can have an impact on the standard conduct of an individual, hence resulting in a behavioral problem. Events such as a car accident, death of a loved one, family conflict, or dealing with poverty can become a problem to how an individual communicates or addresses their needs...
Introduction Mediumship has positive effects on the overall mental and emotional health of people. In the past, scientists researched mediumship from a negative pathological perspective. However, recent studies and some of them included in this paper investigated the positive impacts of mediumship. As mediums communicate with the dead, they experience...
Mr. and Mrs. Richardson went to a therapist seeking help with Charles, their 15-year-old son, and Felicia, a 12-year-old honor student, and both had taken part in athletics. Complaints got to the social worker about Charles Jr, commonly known by the family as Chuck. He was involved in immoral behavior,...
General description The foundation of the book is about successful change occurring when people change their behavior. An individual’s behavior is underpinned by three factors: environment, emotions, logic, and rationality (Heath & Heath, 2010). The author describes the three factors of a person as the Path, the Elephant, and the...
Cognitive and behavioral changes are common among adolescents and scientists have conducted numerous studies to understand the neurological changes that make them act the way they do (Odgers & Jensen, 2020). Research conducted in the early 21st century indicates that the first three years of development were instrumental in the...
Children who first come to primary school to learn reading, writing, and simple Math, do not usually have the background knowledge or skills to acquire this information quickly; thus, a careful and empathetic approach is required. Methods of finding appropriate ways to interact with school children were formulated by educational...
Introduction The workplace is one of the places with the highest concentration of stressors. Top stress-generating factors include higher management, rapid changes, tasks that require high skills and competencies, and job insecurity (Lipman, n.d.). I am one of the many working people exposed to these stressors. To protect my mental...
Aggression is considered to be one of the types of interactions between persons that implies threatening of one individual by others. It is known that there is a phenomenon of cumulative increase of aggression if one’s violent actions are complemented with others’ similar conduct (Anderson, 1997). Gender also matters, as...
Introduction Shopping has become a part of my daily activities because it triggers emotions such as happiness. I love the addiction because the smell of new products significantly impacts my happiness. I frequently shop because it helps reduce negative feelings such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Marketing messages have become...
Introduction Many theorists have created a society and culture based on human behavior, and there have even been attempts to reproduce their ideas in practice. They are making the world a better place with techniques like these many worried behaviorists in the 20th century. Thank to Skinner’s Walden Two and...
Behavior is characterized by actions and manners performed by people, animals, systems, and other entities in a compound with their environments or themselves. Besides, it may include activities related to another object and interaction between the actor and the surrounding environment. Various sociological, social, and psychological theories attempt to explain...
The guidance procedures that are in place in my center are mainly focused on teachers’ responses to children’s challenging behaviors. For example, if a child engages in inappropriate behavior, including physical aggression, teachers are expected to respond respectfully and calmly and explain what behavior is acceptable and what is not....
In Search of Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film. According to the plot, a curious Nemo fish went to look for mysterious coral reefs one day. However, soon he was caught and placed in the aquarium of a Sydney dentist. Determined to find his missing son, his father...
Advantage of Mind-Body Therapy Over Other Types of Therapies When it comes to the methods of treating ADHD in children, mind-body therapies have proved to provide a multitude of potential benefits. I believe that these needed to be explored more thoroughly and brought to the patients’ attention since that might...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents significant challenges in management because of the varied cases among patients and differences among strategies that help relieve the disorder’s symptoms. As suggested by Shrestha, Lautenschleger, and Soares (2020), while there is a pharmacological approach toward the disorder’s management, non-pharmacological interventions aimed at children have also...
Adolescents tend to have more risky behavior than adults, which is why they are usually considered ungovernable or even dangerous. There are many examples of such behavior, which often leads to conflicts and negatively influences children’s well-being. In my opinion, while children are prone to risk, it is not their...
Treatment of psychological disorders requires the application of additional methods that might help with the physical state of people and their mental well-being. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the strategies used in current practice that focuses on the role of humans’ habits and obsessions and allows them to solve the...
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to have compassion, sympathy, and emotional participation for members who are involved in an organization. Company executives or leaders who apply this ability are more resilient to risk management crises, as they are more competent and flexible in decision-making processes. This practical aptitude can...
Time Activity Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 6-7 AM Work Out CX Burn 1 Outside Track Workout Run/Jog Yoga CX Burn 2 Run/Jog Circuit class at the gym CX Burn 3 8-9 AM Breakfast Vegan Chocolate Shakeology Eggs with veggies Oats with chia seeds and berries Vegan Chocolate...
Introduction The Behavior intervention support team (BIST) is a problem behavior intervention plan that aids in replacing maladaptive behaviors with target behaviors. BIST intervention was invented by Cornerstone care to assist teachers, parents, and caregivers to helps students become emotionally intelligent and develop coping mechanisms that limit the occurrence of...
The contribution of Phineas Gage to the development of biopsychology cannot be underestimated. The accident that happened to him revealed crucial information on the influence of frontal context on high-order functions. In addition, the examination of his case prompted exploration on the brain function localization and contributed to elaborating the...
People have two divergent views on what a habit is; specifically, one of the most debatable questions is whether it rules human decisions or is ruled by them. Practically, the vast majority could probably give examples of both situations where the behavior was apparently automatic and those where someone rejected...
Freudian perspectives within psychology host two approaches to change within human behavior. Primarily, Freud proposed the idea that personality is developed in an individual’s childhood in a number of stages, and not advancing through these steps led to the impediment of one’s personality and identity. However, the manifestation of change...
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs American psychologist Abraham Maslow wrote a paper titled “A Theory of Human Motivation,” which proposes human decisions are dependent on their psychological needs. Maslow outlined that there are five essential needs that do form the basis of human behavioral motivation. These needs are safety, self-actualization, love...
Rule Utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that holds that an action is right once it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good. From Milgram’s point view, the aim of subjecting people to the experiment was to learn the degree to which ordinary citizens are obedient to...
James and Judy are two early childhood teachers at a kindergarten school and have different views about the disciplinary issues with the kids. James suggests that challenging disciplinary behaviors ascends as a condition that not only disrupts classroom management and organization but also impacts the kids’ development and learning destructively....
Introduction Milgram’s experiment is a fascinating study of human nature, the willingness to follow a leader while violating generally accepted principles and rules. The purpose of Milgram’s experiment was to understand why in World War II the inhabitants of Germany were so cruel to the prisoners of concentration camps. Stanley’s...
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is defined or perceived as a consequence that is applied to strengthen an organism’s future conduct whenever that conduct seems to be preceded by a particular antecedent stimulus. In addition, positive reinforcement is regarded as one of the most efficient methods of teaching an individual or...
The Risk, Need, and Responsivity (RNR) model is widely used in criminology to assess the risks and needs posed by sex offenders and determine the environment in which they should be placed. The basic principle is the risk, according to which “intensity of correctional interventions must be matched to the...
The behavioral perspective in psychology is also frequently referred to as behaviorism theory. The behaviorism theory originates from a 1913 article, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,” written by American psychologist John Broadus Watson. In his education, Watson primarily studied philosophy but then transitioned into psychology and studies of animal...
Introduction Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT) is among the interpersonal models that find multiple applications in healthcare and behavior change interventions to promote patients’ well-being. The theory was proposed by Bandura to display the links between human behaviors and their determinants, including a person’s environment, personal-level factors, and cognitive or...
Introduction Suicide is the act of intentionally taking causing one’s death. Suicide is a huge public health issue that affects people all around the globe. An estimated 0.8 million individuals die by suicide each year throughout the world, and an even more significant number of people make suicide attempts (Yasuma...
Introduction Whether a person engages in deviant behavior or not is predefined by society and the norms that dominate it. Thus deviation is an act or behavior that violates social norms. However, while such behavior might be either intentional or unintentional, deviance might have long-term effects on an individual’s self-image....
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is a type of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and one of the most effective approaches for treating depression. However, there are other types of therapies that use similar techniques to achieve results. It should be noted that, more often than not, similar therapies have a more...
Scientists can define a human being by their physical characteristics. People who are able to behave sensibly decide on which decisions to make or not to make. The decision-making process mirrors people’s values that lead them to decide on what steps to preempt to solve any controversial issues (TEDx Talks,...
Various researchers emphasize different components of a motivational interview. The spirit of motivational interviewing is based on three elements: collaboration of a social worker and a patient, evocation or encouraging patients to provide personal reasons to change their behavior, and a focus on the patient’s autonomy as only patients have...
Mental exercises can be beneficial for overall performance and improved ability to concentrate and deal with difficult taks. Although they are not as effective as physical activities, the research found that mental work can substantially contribute to achievements in various fields, such as sport, music, medicine, and others (Toth et...
Operant conditioning is a type of learning process based on association of certain behavior with negative or positive result. The positive, or desired result, is called reinforcement, whereas the negative result is punishment. The stimulus can be either added or removed based on the aim of the training person to...
Terry Ahwal’s personal essay discusses the dangers of fear and the importance of controlling it to avoid the harm it can cause. The author supplements her call for overcoming fear with deeply moving personal examples from her life in the Middle East and the USA. Yet while the general point...
Summary Profile Tait is an intelligent young boy in elementary school. Multiple challenges are making it difficult for Tait to succeed in all aspects of development. The major problems facing Tait include autism spectrum disorder which he has battled since he was two years old. This makes it difficult for...
Introduction Deviant behavior poses a threat to society, so scientists still elaborate on new theories explaining its origins. In their research, Antonietta Curci and Romy Greco found that strain and stress are factors leading to inner-directed forms of deviant behavior such as substance intake and gambling supplemented by negative emotions...
Nowadays, there is a variety of sources providing information about deviance and crime. I usually get information about these issues from TV programs, specialized YouTube channels, publications in social media, and websites. Deviance describes any conduct, trait, or belief that breaches social norms in a certain society or group. Deviance...
Introduction This situation describes several problems and a few bad news e-mails that Henry Lai receives. It is rather challenging to determine one common problem of these letters; after all, not all the problems voiced in the situation resulted from this person’s guilt. However, Henry Lai still had several errors...
Introduction Adolescence is a delicate and exploratory time in life. These formative years are instrumental in a young person’s mental, physical, and emotional development. The implications of technological advancements within the cyber world have had a growing negative impact on this specific age group. Constant interaction defines this generation as...
The instances in which people choose to lie to themselves due to the presence of social conditioning and pressure typically slip under the radar. However, considering these situations closer is important in order to discover the ways of self-improvement and, ultimately, a path to a better and happier life. In...
Communication Emotional intelligence (EI) is one’s ability to effectively and correctly perceive, manage, and regulate emotions, and to use that information to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously. EI is embedded in culture, and according to Mohammed (2018), culture affects people’s perception of what constitutes intelligence behavior. The capacity to properly regulate...
Steve Jobs presented a memorable speech that has been used for academic purposes for several years. At the commencement speech at Stanford, Jobs (2005, 0:04:58- 0:05:16) narrates his story and says, “Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was...
Introduction During the historical development, many theories and practices have arisen regarding human psychology. One of the basic books is the Bible, while theories put forward by modern and historical authors often gain and lose their popularity. One of the well-known theories is the theory of the tendencies of human...
The debate about nature and nurture is one of the most important controversies associated with human life. On the one hand, human behavior is determined by natural factors: genes embedded in them. Based on this, they acquire certain character traits and inclinations that affect all areas of life. On the...
Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Learning, according to Bandura, involves more than merely a shift in attitude. Learning is the acquisition of knowledge and the development of conduct based on that knowledge (Basri et al., 2020). Bandura believes that the challenge of thought phenomena is overvalued or only partially studied,...
Groups and meetings are events which are mainly created by individuals to put in efforts together and work towards achieving the same objective. Group work and meeting are only effective when the group members and the group leaders follow the required guidelines for a successful meeting. In the case of...
There are lessons that people can learn from history, especially from states: harmful effects of dehumanization during wartime and aggression in the bipolar world. In this paper, I will demonstrate these lessons using studies of Vietnam and the Cold Wars through the prism of Albert Bandura’s theory. Albert Bandura is...
Introduction There are multiple benefits to studying behavioral psychology at a professional level, including the opportunity to evaluate and even design behavior modification (BM) strategies that would be effective across diverse settings. As a commonly used treatment approach, BM finds extensive use in self-management and relationship regulation in the family....
Military to Civilian Life Transition While military service is demanding and challenging, reintegration into society and civilian life also poses challenges. According to Parker et al. (2019), 27% of veterans say that re-entry was difficult for them. Emotionally traumatic experiences in the army contribute to poor quality of life after...
People face numerous challenges and difficulties throughout life. Hence it may be crucial to develop a proper, systemic approach to coping with problems. Establishing resilience in order to overcome life difficulties may be the key to problem-solving. There are several steps that may contribute to the achievement of that goal....
Many studies have put forward arguments that the state of mind of a normal person can be easily altered following the underlying scenario in which the individual is subjected (Dittmann 68). Human beings tend to behave differently to enable their survival within a group of people or in society. Flexibility...
The main ideas of the passage: Improve in studying habits. Improve in romantic relationships. Understanding eating disorders. Overcoming fear of spiders. Experiments on animals usually make students bored and uninterested in studying them. However, aspects derived from these experiments can improve studying habits and romantic relationships. Also, help people to...
Almost everybody sometimes feels dissatisfaction with somebody or even their behavior. As for me, I often postpone important things that should be done as soon as possible. Procrastination is that kind of unfavorable behavior that I would not mind extinguishing. I suppose that in that case, reinforcement would be more...
Learning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy The third chapter by Wright, Basco, and Thase (2017) discusses the strategies for assessing patients to decide whether they are suitable for cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Furthermore, the authors present the elements that help one to initiate and plan CBT for individual patients. In the first part of...
A person’s behavior affects how they appear in society’s eyes and how it reacts to them. Proponents of the concept of behaviorism believe that the human body begins to behave in a certain way because it was forced to do so. The behavior that I would like to change is...
The theory of learning requires the analysis of the correlations between stimuli and reactions. The understanding of these connections helps to identify their role in human life. Sensitization, habituation, and classical conditioning are the learning processes that help to explain human behavior. Sensitization is the learning process associated with the...
With the innovational advancement in spacecraft and observational technology, there is a growing demand on the cosmonauts resilient to stress and adaptation challenges. Notwithstanding, there are different stages with comparing objectives which incorporate adjusting towards the new space climate, setting productive work systems or schedules, planning for the Mars arrival,...
Communication is an essential aspect of human interaction, as evidenced in modern societies. Analyzing people is vital for enhancing social cohesion and objective conflict resolution among individuals. As a result, this discussion presents a review on practical mechanisms of analyzing people by Katherine Chambers. The book How to analyze people:...
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a kind of treatment presented by Albert Ellis during the 1950s. It is a methodology that causes you recognize unreasonable convictions and negative idea designs that may prompt enthusiastic or social issues. He alludes that not actuating occasion but individual conduct and musings lead...
Introduction Communication apprehension refers to the fear and anxiety experienced by a person when they communicate with someone else or a group of people. It is a psychological response to the stress that comes when addressing people, and since the body perceives this communication as a stressor, it responds with...
Psychological progress entered everyday life and the humanitarian attitude to the upbringing of children was shaped, but some people still regard infliction as an appropriate disciplinary measure. I strongly disagree with this archaic approach and, as a parent, I would never intend to punish my child, meanwhile, I find using...
The Case Formulation Approach This reading presents the concept of case formulation in cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and explains its importance as well as its main elements. In the beginning, Persons (2008) describes the scheme on which every case formulation is built. Such elements as assessment, case formulation and diagnosis, treatment...
Cognitive therapy is a specified form of psychotherapy that is based on the notion of the interdependence of human thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It also means that some mental illnesses and psychological problems derive from wrong thinking and reasoning as well as stereotypes that can change people’s perception of the...
Among the many concepts in psychology, few are applied in my everyday life. They are based on Freud’s psychoanalysis theory of how the mind works, including how they influence experiences (Moccia et al. 1). The events in my life shape how I behave and feel; hence, it is essential to...
During this week, special attention should be paid to work with automatic thoughts as a part of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). The task of a therapist is not only to identify cognitions that determine human behaviors but also to modify them, following specific rules and schemas. Wright, Basco, and Thase (2017)...
The theory of structuration proposed by Anthony Giddens offers perspectives on the varied human behavior based on the synthesis of agency and structure effects. The structuration model asserts that human action’s capacity is influenced by different facets of the society, such as the robust, stable societal structures and an individual’s...
The cognitive behavior supervisory model allows working with patients on two distinct elements – their cognition and behavior. They learn how to identify a problem and develop a strategy for addressing it. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) became one of the most commonly used forms of supervision in psychotherapy. This approach allows...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that there may be various challenges while parents raise their children, and they need to be fully aware of the ways to make this process more comfortable and correct. One such issue that can make parents confused and ask professionals for help is child...
Being an inefficient learner is one of the fears that most students have once they start their academic progress. However, for most students, this fear becomes comparatively manageable as they learn to build a skill set needed for adequate management of school tasks. Nonetheless, some students fail to gain relevant...
Introduction The notion of stress is familiar to probably all people of the modern world. People experience stress on a daily basis. They face various situations that provoke stressful feelings and rise of emotions. The word “stress” is usually associated with something negative. However, stress is not always about something...
Motivation is a special feature attached to psychological, cognitive, and behavioral areas in the life of a human being. Motivation is a “driving force that compels an action towards a desired goal in life, and psychiatrists argue that motivation is an impulse that optimizes a person’s well-being by minimizing physical...
Introduction Conflict denotes hindrances between people or groupings of individuals that have dissimilar objectives, ideals, anticipations, and rationales. Conflicts normally occur at the personal, group, and organizational levels where competition, in addition to personal achievement, is emphasized more than interdependence. In a conflict, it is normally easy to determine the...
Abstract Studies indicate increased deviant behavior among college students particularly, the newly admitted students. In fact, deviant behavior among the college fresh students has remained a major concern for educational institutions. The determination of the causes and impacts of the behavior would increase the understanding of the behavior and enable...
