Our psychology essay database is here to assist you with your studies.
The concept of codependency is one of the recurring themes in the discussions of childhood struggles, caused by alcoholic and narcissistic parents. This term is generally defined as one’s preoccupation with others’ problems as opposed to personal affairs (O’Brien and Gaborit 1992). Despite the apparent connection between the specified conditions...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that most parents do not want to allow their children to play computer games, especially if they incorporate many elements of violence. Shooting and fighting animation attract many kids and teenagers, which makes it necessary for psychologists to explore the effects of such video...
Introduction The interaction between play as a unique phenomenon and culture remains a controversial issue in the interdisciplinary sciences. For decades, the social, cultural, and psychological experiences of play have been explored and several theoretical foundations developed. One of the most popular frameworks for linking play to culture is the...
An individual working as a psychologist should adhere to the ethical principles of psychologists and comply with the code of conduct. The first two ethical principles are Beneficence and Nonmaleficence and Fidelity and Responsibility (American Psychological Association, 2017). The first principle implies that a psychologist has to take care of...
Introduction I will be presenting how my social psychology understanding affects the presentation to be watched by others. I will as well be discussing how the knowledge from this field will influence my public speaking in the future. Similarly, I will be tackling how skills gained from social psychology will...
Introduction Structural family therapy (SFT) is a psychotherapy technique that evaluates the hierarchies, subsystems, alliances, and boundaries within a family unit while focusing on direct interactions among family members to build a positive change. SFT is founded on the belief that families with problems can discover their own solutions to...
Introduction There are many reasons why teenagers become depressed. The most trivial are lack of attention, lack of friends, or love problems. All of these, in one way or another, traumatize the child’s psyche and prevent him or her from feeling like a full member of society. A large number...
The biopsychosocial model is frequently used in counseling to better understand the patient and the external factors that are involved in his life and health condition. Such an approach is based on the premise that the sociological, psychological, and physiological aspects of one’s health are interconnected, and analysis of all...
The debate on the role of psychology includes diagnosing and treating illness and preventing illness via promoting health. It is crucial to take a position in the discussion to demonstrate what is a priority in psychology, choosing a treatment or disorder prevention via well-being fostering. The essay will offer a...
The task of educating children is critical for their future well-being, and its complexity in terms of psychology does not allow for neglecting individual characteristics. However, this problem seems common for many institutions since teachers do not have either time or resources to approach each student’s needs on a case-by-case...
Introduction From the perspective of mental health treatment, Native Americans’ and other clients’ expectations and needs might differ drastically, including the need for culture-specific rituals to promote energy healing. Mainstream and minority cultures are also dissimilar in their concepts of self-disclosure, self-discipline, sources of wisdom, and the importance of family...
Introduction In modern times, access to the Internet has become quite simple and easy, and every child who has a phone or computer can spend hours in front of the screen. The use of the Internet by children has its advantages and disadvantages, which have a significant impact on the...
From the point of view of counseling, professionalism can be defined as the process of setting adequate ethical and specialized boundaries in order to exercise intentionality and self-awareness. Any given counselor should possess professionalism in order to be able to remain competent and focused on performance. Therefore, professionalism can be...
Self-disclosure is crucial in any successful counseling session as it creates a connection between the counselor and the client. Self-disclosure can be deliberate, client-initiated, unavoidable, or accidental. All types work to make the counselor relatable, allowing clients to go into more detail about their problems. While essential to good practice,...
The existential approach to therapy aims to help the client resolve an inner conflict and reduce anxiety through meaning-making, responsibility, and self-determination. It is based on the principles of humanism, individual freedom, and potential for growth (Diamond, 2021). In the case of Gwen, there are several existential questions she faces...
It is impossible to answer the question ‘Who am I?’ because everyone spends their whole life trying to answer who they are only at the end of their life’s journey. All people, without exception, are searching for what seems to be with them from birth, themselves. However, this is just...
Parents often harm their children with their open hands as a disciplinary tactic. However, it creates more harm than good. Several parents chose disciplinary approaches simply because they were raised without considering their effects. According to an article by O’Donnell, spanking is humiliating, inflicts physical damage, and causes resentment and...
Child abuse and neglect are cases when an underaged individual’s physical or emotional needs are overlooked and three out of eight children in the United States are affected by this problem. Such actions cause significant harm to the individual’s mental and even physical well-being. Moreover, some cases of child abuse...
The article written by Murray (2018) dwells on the phenomenon of toxic stress and its potential impact on child refugees in terms of physical and mental health. Murray (2018) defined the concept of toxic stress as consistent exposure to adverse events where there was no supportive caretaker to mediate the...
The factors that are the most likely to guarantee psychologically and physically healthy aging are generally identified as absence of serious chronic illnesses and disabilities, as well as proper physical and mental capacities. According to the socio-emotional selectivity theory, the older generation tends to experience high levels of wellbeing, and...
I disagree with the statement that individuals who have been contemplating suicide never tell anyone about their thoughts. This suggestion is too categorical and can be disproved by both my personal experience and scholarly resources. While it is true that some people with suicidal thoughts do not disclose them, there...
Introduction Person-centered therapy is based on the ideas of a humanistic approach to psychology. Its purpose is to facilitate change and growth by helping the client realize and fulfill their potential. According to Gladding (2021), “the validity of the person-centered approach to counseling may seem obvious in the 21st century,...
Both classical and operant conditioning can be used together in human-animal interaction. These types of conditioning are the basis for the formation of preferred behavior in animals, which they show more often when repeated (Martina et al., 2020). In training, these concepts can be used as the basis for the...
Effective counseling depends on the effectiveness of data collection and the client’s evaluation. For this reason, psychologists might use various types of assessment. Forensic assessment can be defined as the application of theory and psychological evaluation and measurement in a legal context (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2018, p. 469). For example,...
Behaviorism is a psychological approach to analyzing the demeanor of animals or humans. Although this science appeared around the beginning of the 20th century with the works of John Watson, there are several antecedent influences on behaviorism. Edward Thorndike developed the theory of connectionism to explain mental phenomena. The scientist...
The ability to express oneself and reject others allows one to create a healthy relationship. However, in an attempt to define personal boundaries, some individuals turn to aggression, which discourages and undermines trust. The opposite model of aggressive behavior is assertive, enabling acting on beliefs and desires and building effective...
Reality therapy is a counseling method that emphasizes the individual’s ability to make choices and improve the present aspects of their life. In the case of Gwen, the therapist applies several interventions to help the client evaluate her current behavior. For instance, during one of the sessions, the counselor asks...
The science of human development aims to understand and explain human changes over time. The goals of developmental psychology are to describe, explain, and optimize the stage of development. Therefore, human beings have a set of developmental stages that must be attained at some point in their lives. Over the...
The article includes many ideas that address most of the problematic points when interacting with adolescents. This collection of strategies allows professionals to prepare for most situations during consultations. It also contains several key ideas that should be considered central thoughts necessary for achieving success. First of all, it must...
Human rights are universal measures that help in ensuring humanity across the world. All the countries in the world have adopted constitutions that ensure the protection of their citizens from all factors that are against human rights. However, human behavior is a major element that has greatly contributed to various...
The current study tests the hypothesis that children experiencing maltreatment in any form are more likely to have an anxiety disorder. Studying this correlation is essential for strengthening the practices of countering maltreatment and preventing anxiety, which pose a significant threat to the child’s well-being, in particular their physical and...
Introduction Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is based on the action-oriented approach to counseling. Its purpose is to identify self-defeating negative thoughts, determine irrational feelings and beliefs, and help the client address their behavioral and emotional issues. According to Gladding (2021), Albert Ellis founded his theory of REBT in 1955,...
Formal and post-formal operational stages are phases in cognitive development. The formal operational stage is the last cognitive stage proposed by Piaget in his theory of development. This stage is mainly characterized by abstract thinking and the use of logic (Miller, 2018). On the other hand, post-operational thinking is an...
The ability to think, learn from experience, solve issues, and adjust to new circumstances is known as intelligence. Galton argued that intellect was a function of sensory sharpness, and people exhibiting high degrees of sensory intolerance are intelligent in his hereditary view. He believed that society should encourage the nurturing...
Counseling practice always seeks to provide clients with assistance and help, and one of the main directions in the field of psychology is family therapy. There are many approaches to family psychotherapy, and family systems analysis is among the most popular ones. Family systems analysis, by relying on a view...
Introduction Creativity is one concept that is difficult to evaluate, measure, and nurture in a person. Creative abilities depend on many internal and external factors, such as predisposition and external social environment. Dean Keith Simonton is the author of the Creativity chapter in the Noba textbook series on psychology. He...
Rogers’ self-actualization theory is primarily concerned with determining the conditions under which a person might fully realize their potential. The whole idea is founded on a sole life force that he refers to as the actualizing tendency. He defined realizing propensity as the integral inspiration that each human being has...
The concept of reconciliation has moved from the theological realm to social and political life, explaining the principles of building a democratic society based on past experience. The essay will try to prove that reviewing past experiences, including traumatic aspects of them, is the basis for reconciliation. For the development...
Introduction Tom played with other kids in games that involved throwing a ball. The child showed different kinds of behavior during the process and engaged in various activities. Initially, Tom was afraid to approach playing kids, but his parents helped him. He was involved in competitive team games, one of...
Accommodation and assimilation are the key terms, including in the theory of cognitive development, elaborated by Jean Piaget, to reflect the patterns of human progress. The former concept is critical for describing the way people learn by interacting with the world, and it means the process of forming frameworks based...
Infancy Infants develop certain behaviors before they are born. This concept is described as reflex. Reflex is an inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation (Chapter 3, page 81). Reflexes are the most organized pattern of behavior displayed by newborn babies. As a baby, I would fall asleep...
Introduction The field of psychology correlates with the conscious and unconscious behaviour dictated by feelings, emotions, experiences, and thoughts. This is why the domain is so broad and can be applied in multiple different areas of life, starting with business and following with socio-economic factors. However, it is certain that...
The selected comedy bit is presented by Sara Pascoe, and it is informative for the purpose of analyzing it while relying on the psychoanalytical lens. According to this critical approach to examining various phenomena, ” unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories” are prioritized for making conclusions (McLeod). In the case...
Introduction The Definitive Book of Body Language proved that I do not enjoy studying psychology and sociology for nothing. Chapter 9 was full of fantastic allegories and read in the same breath, which is quite a rare thing for psychological books, where it is needed to analyze everything. It taught...
The post hoc ergo propter hoc defines attempts to establish cause-and-effect relationships where they do not exist, but there is a simple sequence of events unrelated to each other. This method was used, for example, in superstitions of ancient times, when the passage of a comet or a solar eclipse...
There are many interesting paradoxes and stereotypes about how we think, make decisions, beliefs, etc. Thus, two interesting aspects of our thinking are group thinking and Abilene Paradox. They have a similar principle of work; both aspects are related to our reflection in the context of a group of people...
Introduction Data related to student delinquency rates indicate that an increase in delinquency is not associated with improving behavior. Deviant behavior continues to occur in students regardless of whether they are suspended. Suspensions have been on the rise over the past 20 years, and only in some individual districts have...
Introduction Behaviorism is one of the most popular psychological perspectives of all time. John Watson is considered to be the founder of the behaviorist movement, as he was the first one to narrow down the field of psychology research. According to Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan (2018), Watson believed that introspection was...
Representatives of various personality types enter the labor market and occupy various positions according to their preferences. For example, an extroverted ethicist who loves those with whom he works side by side will prefer to keep his current position rather than go for a promotion solely because of money. Personal...
The idea of Biblical ​​forgiveness runs like a red line through the entire text of Desmond Tutu. Around the commandment of it, he builds his whole position as a human rights activist. Forgiveness is served through selfishness: “To forgive is indeed the best form of self-interest” (Tutu 191). This concept...
Introduction The identified research concern is a practical mechanism to enhance the quality of life of people in the aging stages of life. It involves a detailed investigation of diverse techniques to improve their mental and physical condition. The central aim of this study is to demonstrate the theoretical bases...
The Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) model is a framework used in cognitive behavioral therapy to identify, evaluate, and change problematic behaviors. In the case of Gwen, the therapist used this approach in one of the sessions, helping the client explore her problem and find ways to reduce distress while increasing...
Self-actualization is a mental health diagnosis that involves individuals’ perspectives in defining their behavior and personality traits. According to Maslow’s theory, the theory of self-actualization focuses on an individual’s ability to achieve their maximum potential. Psychologists in the 20th century used the self-actualization approach in developing and implementing mental health...
Introduction The selected celebrity for this analysis is the award-winning African American celebrity by the name of Willard Carroll Smith. This individual has been trending on Twitter, mass media, and other social media outlets following his move to slap Chris Rock during a ceremony organized by the Oscars Academy. The...
Carl Rogers Carl Rogers is the founder and promoter of a client-centered therapy, which, based on the name, focuses on the patient. According to the author, this style implies customized specialists for each patient to ensure the highest level of comfort and satisfaction (Folmo, n.d.). Moreover, in this case, the...
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the key processes to understanding human behavior, and it is important to present examples for both of them. Classical conditioning refers to the process of learning by association which occurs involuntarily, and it is present in the everyday activities of people. For instance, when...
Introduction Depression is a mental disorder that affects how one feels, thinks, and acts. Despite being a treatable mental problem, many people consider it a usual mental problem, but the outcome is usually unattractive. It is associated with various health and social issues, which affects the ability to function normally....
The actual problem of a modern working person is a hard-working, excessive professional loads, nervous strain. As a result – professional and emotional burnout, chronic depression, fatigue, apathy, indifference to life. Technological advances in the work environment have dynamically changed the tools with which work is done and the methods...
The eighth and last stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory is ego-integrity vs. despair. According to Erikson, this stage is characterized by a retrospective examination of an individual’s life choices and accomplishments. Consequently, an individual may embrace the life they have lived as worthwhile, leading to ego-integrity. On the other...
In modern psychology, the problem of cross-cultural interactions within the framework of psychological counseling and psychotherapy is one of the most popular. Gundel et al. (2020) state that “attention to cultural factors in counseling is critical, and theories have emerged in counseling and psychology to describe competence for working with...
Introduction Many theories explain people’s behaviors and habits in different situations. Although distinct, these theories overlap in some areas but contradict many others. Although they pose their limitations, most of these practical theories can be used in clinical sessions. Understanding the theories and their groups and when to place a...
Middle age is the central time in the life of a human being. It is the span between early adulthood and late adulthood. In the United States, middle age is perceived to be the life between 40-65 years (Lumen Learning, n.d). This age is the most stressful time for most...
Psychology is an exciting subject that elaborates on how the human mind can be understood as well as the overall behavior. Based on the course, there are several methods that can be used to assess and determine the conduct of an individual. Among the approaches learned in the course, the...
Introduction As the title of the memoir, “The Lives of a Flaneur” by Aleksandar Hemon suggests, the author has carried on with many lives where in his essays of recollections, Hemon is expressing the struggles of shifting knowledge and feeling of home with displacement that he had to experience as...
Objectives The primary objective of the research was to develop a theory regarding the importance of peer relationships among the oldest and youngest children. The question the scholars ask in the title is whether birth order is important in peer relationships. Therefore, the objective is met by applying the key...
Classical conditioning is a learning process where one is automatically responding by associating between unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and neutral stimulus (NS). The NS is presented before a naturally occurring reflex, making one learn to associate events with certain stimuli. In Pavlov’s experiment, a dog would salivate after tasting food. When...
Being an Early Childhood Educator is a very responsible job that necessitates the integration of multiple skills and a well-grounded worldview philosophy that helps children pave their path in life. In my opinion, children’s education is a cornerstone of their outlook on life that predetermines their opportunities for the future....
Group counseling is known for its effective intervention in all areas, especially in medical and therapeutic areas. There are many strategies for group work, but the essential aspect is the development of exercises. It is formulated by collective participation and team spirit development. Thus, it is important to analyze step-by-step...
Introduction Observation is a critical component of understanding and objectively conducting a child’s development assessment. Such an approach is essential to collect the necessary data and determine whether there are developmental abnormalities or healthy growth. However, observation cannot be properly conducted without precise and accurate documentation, from which valuable and...
Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach, written by Kearney and Trull (2018), is dedicated to abnormal psychology and its practical application in everyday settings. The authors define abnormal psychology as “the scientific study of problematic feelings, thoughts, and behaviors associated with mental disorders” (Kearney & Trull, 2018, p. 2)....
Introduction to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder, commonly referred to as PTSD, is a psychological condition relating to a person’s mental well-being primarily caused by a previous disturbing experience. Common predisposing factors of this disorder include but are not limited to extreme tension, rapid shifts between moods, hypersensitivity, and...
Introduction The following assessment has been made using a Mathematics Skills Checklist and a Literacy Rating Scale. The discoveries made are required for the information regarding the child’s achievements and failures. It provides an idea of what tasks can be complicated for junior school students to complete. In this essay,...
Introduction Coronavirus is an airborne virus that presumably originated from Wuhan, China, and is responsible for the most recent COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, parents and kids alike were forced to cut down on their social interactions and spend most of their time at home, which had a significant effect...
Introduction There have been numerous attempts to introduce innovative learning techniques recently, which provide different perspectives on the benefits of video games in the sphere. For instance, the idea of video game use in higher education is currently widely discussed by scholars (Vlachopoulos and Makri, 2017, p. 2). I firmly...
The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive report on the design and implementation of the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) Program in early children’s education. The researchers sought to understand whether the teachers achieved their course objectives and improved learning after integrating the STEAM. Moreover,...
All aspects of development as an adult, including social and emotional aspects, had a profound impact on me in various ways. As one gets older, they learn that self-control, persistence, and maturity are vital attributes. Consequently, they can apply what they had learned in Human Growth and Development to real-world...
Kohberg implied that average females performed worse than adolescent men within the process of moral judgment. Gilligan opposed this conviction with a theory of the difference between the reasoning of moral judgment. She explained that females tend to care more about “interpersonal connections, responsibility, and sensitivity”, which affects their perspective...
In his speech, Simon Sinek aims to answer the question of what qualities of a leader make people feel safe. He tells of a case where a captain rescuing a wounded soldier hugged and kissed him. In discussing the motives behind the rescuer’s behavior, Sinek (2014) concludes that the act...
Many people tend to confuse the difference between behaviorism and cognitive science. Even though they both deal with human behavior, they are different in psychology. The difference is defined by what causes a particular behavior. Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that deals with people’s actions regarding the influence of...
Target Behavior As Arnold and Boggs (2019) defined it, active listening involves an intentional focus on the listening process stretching beyond hearing the interlocutor’s words. It is manifested in empathetic, supportive listening and asking open-ended questions to understand the interlocutor better. An outcome of active listening is a well-informed response...
I would describe critical thinking as perceiving reality by analyzing every aspect of it and identifying its flaws. Work with Internet sources has shown that this definition does not reflect all aspects of the phenomenon under study. Thus, in general, critical thinking is defined as – a system of judgments...
Introduction The human brain is one of the body’s most essential and complex organs. The brain controls almost all a person’s activities, including walking, reading, and riding. Research provides significant information concerning the functions of this important body part. For example, biologists investigating the brain show that it has specific...
Social skills are the particular actions associated with the effective execution of social duties. Though commonly disregarded, social skills training sessions are critical components of conduct and classroom planning processes. Furthermore, social skills therapies centered on developmental concepts help students with behavioral issues improve their social competencies and skills. Social...
What brought the redefinition of psychology into sharper focus for psychologists was work in animal psychology. Because it viewed humans as having evolved from animal forms, psychologists could not exclude animals from their study, creating animal psychology as a new field of research (Leahey, 2018). As a result, psychologists began...
The skill that was chosen for research in this paper is to use a variety of strategies to solve problems, including problems arising in social situations. It is worth emphasizing that it is one of the critical ones since individuals need to constantly make decisions about how to behave with...
Attachment can be defined as the bond shared between two or more persons. People may have emotional closeness with one another out of natural circumstances or actions created by one’s behavior (Fearon & Roisman, 2017). Therefore, the attachment theory is concerned with how people relate to each other in society,...
Introduction One would agree that psychology is now an integral part of people’s lives. Many men and women prefer visiting their psychologist once or twice a week and discussing all their concerns and joys, hoping that a mental professional can help them more than their friends. Children in schools have...
Introduction People assume that wellness means being healthy or not having any disease. Wellness is a dynamic equilibrium of spiritual, physical, social, and mental health. The psychologists’ wheel of wellness has five tasks of divinity, self-regulation, love, friendship, and work that dynamically interrelate with the vibrational frequencies of family, society,...
During adolescence, there’s an incredible variation in the rate of changes that occur as a boy enters his teenage years. In six years, some teenage boys may show some signs of maturity. However, as a parent, it is important to be on the lookout since, in some boys, the symptoms...
Child trauma is a dangerous, scary or life-threatening event that happens to a child of the age 0 to 18 years. In most cases, these events often lead to emotional pain and distress that manifests by inducing lasting physical and mental effects. Learning how to understand, cope and process difficulties,...
“Man’s main task in life is to give birth to himself, to become what he potentially is. The most important product of his effort is his own personality.” Erich Fromm. Many events in the world influence the kind of personalities people become: good or bad accidents, stopping at school or...
Psychology and Arts & Humanities It is important to note that in order to understand the relationship and applicability of other sciences in regard to psychology, one should define the latter first. It is stated that psychology is “the study of the mind and behavior … observation, experimentation, testing, and...
Challenges Faced in Middle Adulthood Parents play a significant role in the emotional wellness of their middle adulthood children. They tend to advise their children on the various life challenges that they experience. Therefore, the connection between parents and their middle-life children is often strong. The fear of losing their...
Introduction Military duty, which may continue for decades, is a challenging career that involves significant physical and mental strain on the body. Mental and psychiatric diseases, which can cause depression, are prevalent illnesses among military members and troops (Ghahramanlou-Holloway et al., 2018). Despite the fact that the investigations were confined...
Counselling is a type of oral therapy involving an expert and a patient discussing the emotional problems and difficulties of the latter. In turn, crisis counselling is a more action-oriented type of counselling that typically deals with patients with severe levels of stress, trauma, depressive episodes, etc. Crisis counselling, as...
Attachment theory was developed by the English psychiatrist John Bowlby. Before the occurrence of Bowlby’s research, psychologists believed that a child maintains the relationship with the mother only to satisfy physical needs. Bowlby added a social component to the mother-child relationships. The researcher supposed that a child’s attachment to the...
The debate regarding nurture against nature has been around psychology for a long time. To comprehensively understand this topic, it is better to absorb the difference between nurture and nature. According to Sravanti (2017), “nature is the genetic predisposition or biological makeup of an individual, while nurture is the physical...
Introduction The clinical counseling involves Whip Whitaker, the main character of the movie Flight, directed by Robert Zemeckis in 2012. The movie depicts the story of a pilot, Whip Whitaker, who could land a crashing airplane with no casualties and hence, saved hundreds of lives. Undoubtedly, for his near impossible...
Identifying the Premise In the article by Pawelski (2020), the author discusses the importance of novel approaches to caring for people where positive psychology serves as the essential backbone for attaining optimistic outcomes in criminals. The main belief covered in the article is that the majority of existing approaches to...