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Parents’ approval and acceptance are the main factors to ensure the stable development of a child’s healthy self-esteem. The children’s path to follow in life depends on the basics of self-esteem that they gain in childhood. However, many adults fall victim to their psychological problems, which are rooted deep in...
Granville Stanley Hall, who is frequently referred to as G. Stanley Hall, warrants mentioning among the fathers of American psychology in general and developmental psychology in particular. As a lecturer, he influenced a considerable range of other psychologists that are currently known as the leading ones. However, the main point...
As is the case in other social sciences, psychology heavily relies on statistical analysis and empirical research to ground its hypotheses and increase its scientifical value. In summarizing some of the most notable articles in the psychological research field, a writer is to take into account the statistical tools it...
Intelligence, as a concept, has become a topic for many debates providing ground for new ideas in psychology. The very notion of intelligence is a point of controversy as there are various definitions, and each of them focuses on different topics. Some researchers suggest that intelligence is a general ability...
Since ancient times, people have tried to capture the most critical moments in civilization’s development through various forms of creativity. Art has been used for dialogue between cultures and, as well as religion, to explain life and natural phenomena that defied scientific justification (Hauser, 2018). Different kinds of art, including...
Introduction Psychology is a scientific discipline that studies individuals’ minds and behavior, including other fields such as human development, health, cognitive process, and social behavior. It is believed to have existed in ancient Greece and Egypt and has been associated with philosophy but became an independent entity later. Psychology is...
Bradley’s article is devoted to the adaptation of immigrants, specifically, their children, to a new society and culture. In most cases, these children face several problems, mostly related to the difference in domestic culture and customs of the “outside” world. More complex conditions for receiving child care and education for...
Human brains’ cognitive functions and abilities of the neural system are enormous comparing to the majority of other mammals. Myriads of intricate connections of neurons and the plasticity of various brain structures underline humankind’s theoretical and practical achievements. Finally, the emergence of numerous cultures, complex societal arrangements, and tangible achievements...
Introduction The phenomenon of abuse towards children has been a significant topic of research for numerous scholars throughout the world. Such manifestations as sexual and emotional violence cause various negative ramifications for the victims, originating with physical and psychological suffering. Although several theoretical and legal resolutions were suggested to battle...
The topic for my research is the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention therapy on the mental health of ethnic minority adolescents. Research has shown that mindfulness-based intervention treatment can help improve the management of several mental health conditions such as stress and emotion regulation in ethnic minority youths (Fung et al.,...
Introduction Clinical psychologists apply different models to every unique case based on how appropriate they are to resolving their clients’ problems. Structural family therapy (SFT) and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) are among the models widely applied by clinical psychologists. Although their focus is similar, the two models utilize different methods...
Background The chosen theory for consideration in this paper is the theory of mind (ToM), originally developed by David Premack and Guyn Woodruff in 1978. ToM has gained traction over the years, especially in the field of psychology. Psychologists rely on this theory to assess an individual’s “degree of capacity...
The debate related to the more influential factor on human behavior has been holding for a long time. The nature-nurture dichotomy is an oversimplified strategy that identifies the human origins of development and behavior by utilizing two main principles (Honeycutt, 2019). According to this dichotomy, ‘nature’ refers to hereditary factors...
Milestone One The wellness concept has been present in the public consciousness for over 50 years. With the evolution of society, the development of technology, social relations, and the increase in life expectancy, the idea that a person should cultivate their physical form seems logical. Wellness means not just taking...
The phenomenon of procrastination is understood as the tendency to put things off, leading to psychological problems. Comparing procrastination with laziness is incorrect since the procrastinator does not rest but wastes energy on unnecessary actions instead of investing resources in what needs to be done. On the one hand, it...
Introduction Multimodal experts and parents are needed to help children and people with developmental or intellectual disabilities in all aspects of adaptive development. Throughout an individual’s lifetime, there are frequently several areas of need that are recognized in a shifting context. Individuals with developmental impairments have cognitive deficits in at...
In the analyzed video case of teaching linear measurement, four teacher behaviors indicating her expertise in her student’s developmental stage have been observed. First, the teacher asked if the student knew about the instrument they were to work with during the lesson. Second, she made sure that the student understood...
In teaching children with autism or autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), using prompts is vital. Prompts allow preschool learners to engage in problem-solving, thus building the necessary skillset and progressing to the next developmental stage. In the video titled “ABA Autism Training – Chapter 3 – Prompting,” several main types of...
Introduction The report specifies the hypotheses that facets explain variances in crystallized and fluid intelligence better than domains do and that personality traits are more strongly related to crystallized than to fluid intelligence. The Big Five framework is used as a rationale to justify the offered ideas based on past...
Intersectionality is an identity concept that acknowledges the multidimensionality and complexity of people’s lives. This concept theorizes that the social oppression experienced by individuals emerges from an intersection of different oppressive identities and social inequalities instead of singular sidelined identities (Rai et al. 2). Rai et al. propose that institutions,...
Domestic abuse can lead to mental instability that may affect a victim’s actions and conduct. According to Bland and Ariel (2020), a sufferer might experience temporary insanity that makes them commit deeds such as murder. A long history of violence is possible to interfere with a victim’s sound decision-making process....
Over the past decades, scientists worldwide have become increasingly vocal and alarmed about the dangers facing the younger generation – children, teenagers and young adults. Teenage alcoholism is different from adult alcoholism. Considering the unstable psyche of the adolescent, there is a rapid reaction to addiction and psychiatric disorders. Growth...
Introduction During the historical development, many theories and practices have arisen regarding human psychology. One of the basic books is the Bible, while theories put forward by modern and historical authors often gain and lose their popularity. One of the well-known theories is the theory of the tendencies of human...
The debate about nature and nurture is one of the most important controversies associated with human life. On the one hand, human behavior is determined by natural factors: genes embedded in them. Based on this, they acquire certain character traits and inclinations that affect all areas of life. On the...
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is one of the ten personality disorders contained in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It is typically characterized by a persistent, inflated feeling of self-importance, expressed through excessive desire for admiration or attention and lacking empathy for others....
Age psychology studies the process of development of mental functions and personality throughout a person’s life. The main difference between the direction of age psychology from another direction is that it focuses on the dynamics of age change. Each period of growing up is determined by the level of social...
Introduction In modern society, the number of minors with deviant behavior is increasing, which is one of the most urgent psychological and pedagogical problems. George (2018) states that approximately 20% of the school-age population experiences a mental, emotional, social, or behavioral disorder. There is a large number of reasons for...
Introduction The concept of wellness still exists among the families, but they manage challenges in life. Wellness requires balancing different life dimensions such as emotions, social, spiritual, environmental, financial, occupational, physical, and intellectual. All those dimensions of wellness are somehow interrelated and crucial to a fulfilling life. The idea of...
Introduction In the past couple of years, the concept of theoretical orientation has brought several controversies. Amongst the many psychological theories, an individual can best establish effective personal change through particular psychotherapy. Many psychotherapists have remained fervent on a specific school of thought where a given theory is best suited...
Background Nikola Tesla is supposed to be more of a legend than a man, but people evaluate his personality through warped and distorted lenses. His fascinating scientific inventions and works were studied and assessed elaborately and meticulously. No one questions the epochal value of these electric inventions because the sphere...
Psychological egoism is one of the most discussed issues of all time. Philosophers, sociologists, cultural figures, and eminent scholars attempt to reveal the reasons for the egoistic nature of humans, explain its necessity, or in the opposite, its negative influence on society. This essay will examine the rationale under the...
The adolescent stage is critical and requires significant self-growth to stabilize the future. The stabilization of human beings appears in a different perspective of themselves is identity formation. Adolescents advance an active sense of self, individuality, personality, and connection with other people. It is influenced by several factors such as...
Understanding the stages of child development is vital for an adult to determine his needs. A grown-up must adequately respond to the behavior and perception of the baby since it is very different. The study of the factors influencing the behavior of children shows two main categories, nature and nurture....
Jennifer Claire Noesen’s article “The Intern and the Challenging Client” discusses clinical treatment for sexually and physically abused kids. However, the author pays special attention to children who hail from families struggling the domestic violence and substance abuse. Noesen offers a closer look at the host of issues that interns...
Introduction Species often have to live in a hostile environment, and humans are no exception. People have developed instruments to cope with this issue for thousands of years. It has been acknowledged that “stress response is one of nature’s fundamental survival mechanisms” (Dhabhar, 2018, p. 175). Stress is the major...
Researchers have employed different approaches to analyzing intergenerational relationships in families. The life-course theory stemmed from several longitudinal studies held in the first part and the middle of the twentieth century (Elder, 1998). Elder (1998) states that the wealth of the obtained data-enabled scholars to identify the relationship between socioeconomic...
Introduction In modern psychology, the forms of Therapy differ substantially in their strengths, weaknesses, and approaches to providing psychological services to marginalized people. This paper provides a comparative analysis of three of these types, namely Gestalt therapy, Person-centered Therapy, and Feminist Therapy. It accounts for the pros and cons of...
George Herbert Mead claimed that an individual could become an object to themselves. Mead developed the concept of self with the idea in mind of ‘Me and I’ (Segre, 2014). The author argues that a person turns into an object of themselves if one conforms to society’s pressure. Mead articulated...
Introduction Self-concept is among the most critical aspect of interpersonal communication, whereas, unlike self-efficacy and self-esteem, it focuses on the general idea of who one thinks he or she is. My ten selected characteristics, which will allow me to win the Remarkable Race, are assertiveness, openness, extraversion, determination, cooperativeness, competitiveness,...
Introduction Jürgen Habermas is renowned as one of the most significant societal philosophers globally. Habermas has established communication action, which helps to refurbish and convey cultural awareness to achieve mutual understanding. In this event, individuals create personalities and also a coordinate movement towards solidarity and social interaction. The theory has...
Introduction The active pace of modern life often leads to changes in the human condition, fatigue, and the need for rest. Factors such as the complexity of work, outlook, and lifestyle contribute to stress. If stress and fatigue are ignored, it can lead to such nasty consequences as emotional burnout...
A Question to the Client Hello, my name is Name, and I am one of the social workers here at the center. I am going to perform some assessments with you to collect information about what is happening to you and what resources we can put in use to provide...
Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms has become widespread in recent years and has put this problem in the center of attention of sociologists, social psychologists, and doctors. Sociological theories consider deviant behavior in the context of social processes and norms established within a given society. Social...
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD for short, is a mental health issue. The disorder can negatively impact the lives of affected individuals. Thereby, active research is currently conducted in the scientific community to investigate ADHD effects and causation and seek effective treatment methods. As with any mental health problem with...
Introduction The Sandy Hook mass shooting, which took place on December 14, 2012, in an elementary school in Connecticut, was a tragedy which appalled the whole nation and revived the debate about gun-control issues in the U.S. This attack claimed the lives of twenty-six people, most of whom were children...
Introduction The building blocks of self-determination theory include autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory postulates that people are inherently curious and look for choice in their pursuits. Of the three fundamental needs, relatedness has the most substantial contribution to the motivation of individuals compared to autonomy and competence. Autonomy The...
“Ethical Problems in Psychiatric Research” article was published by Lehrman and Sharav in The Journal of Mental Health Administration in 1997, addressing the morality of experiments on patients with low mental capacity. The scientific work analyzed several intervention cases for treatment like NIMH-funded research and projects exploring schizophrenia where individuals’...
Game theory is a framework that helps to make decisions in situations where two or more players compete. Game theory is used in a wide variety of fields, including business, finance, economics, political science, and psychology (Harrington, 2015). The present paper provides five examples of how game theory explained my...
The chosen poster is made by Grace DiDomenico and Hannah S. Snyder for the Psychology conference held at Brandeis University in 2020. It presents the research about effortful control problems and stress that were equally elevated in depressed college students. Information about the research’s topic, background, methodology, results, conclusions, and...
The period of adolescence is one of the most fundamental stages of human mental and physical development. During this time, the socialization process slowly starts to have a lesser influence on the individual than in childhood. New perspectives and views could be formed while a person interacts with peers, social...
In her essay, “Abuse of an unnamed wife: Is she familiar?”, Liz Moore thoroughly analyzes the phenomenon of psychological abuse on the basis of “The Yellow Wallpaper” written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. This short story addresses a young, newly married woman who moves with her husband, John, and his sister,...
Existential therapy is a distinctive form of psychotherapy that focuses on the existence of human beings as a whole. It utilizes a positive approach from a philosophical point of view and emphasizes on human conditions. The therapy has a positive direction and commends human abilities and aspirations while encouraging them...
Attachment theory presupposes that a child’s interactions with other people influence its development from a very young age, making an impact on their perception, thinking and behavior. John Bowlby clarifies that this concerns the real experiences and interactions, not imaginary ones, and that they are in effect long before the...
The Application of Attachment Theory for the Case Study of Brady Attachment theory is a major factor in the development of adolescents, during which the majority of the behavioral and cognitive structure is established. Formulated by psychologist John Bowlby, it points out the fact that the deviations in social, emotional,...
Lifespan development relates to the changes and growth people undergo from the time they are conceived to the end of their physical life. Several theories and models have been developed and used to explain the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and behavioral changes that occur between a person’s conception to his...
In many countries of the world, there is a process of global population aging. Many scientists today are trying to invent drugs foraging to avoid death or delay it. Therefore, it is essential to study the general laws of the aging process, its causes and mechanisms, and possible ways to...
This post will discuss two developmental theories, Erickson’s psychosocial development, and Kohlberg’s moral development. Erickson argues that personality development is divided into eight stages and focuses on developing the I of the individual. The first two stages are for very young children; hence I don’t remember them. In the third...
Introduction Each person has a variety of experiences and events in their life, both in the past and the future. Meetings, partings, interactions, things we do, and things we learn – they all become a part of the whole that each person represents. In large part, people are shaped by...
Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Learning, according to Bandura, involves more than merely a shift in attitude. Learning is the acquisition of knowledge and the development of conduct based on that knowledge (Basri et al., 2020). Bandura believes that the challenge of thought phenomena is overvalued or only partially studied,...
Groups and meetings are events which are mainly created by individuals to put in efforts together and work towards achieving the same objective. Group work and meeting are only effective when the group members and the group leaders follow the required guidelines for a successful meeting. In the case of...
To build a robust therapeutic alliance with the student, I would demonstrate genuine concern, empathy, and unconditional positive regard for the pupil. A strong relationship between a healthcare professional and client forms the foundation for effective treatment. It reflects the collaborative nature of therapy, particularly regarding the quality of interactions...
People live in society and constantly interact with one another. One form of interaction is help; it is when a person contributes their time and abilities to ensure someone else’s success. The motivation to assist others may differ, as it can be done out of pure selflessness or have ulterior...
The study conducted by Bishop and Gagne (2018) focused on the topic of depression and anxiety and the difficulties they cause in the decision-making process. The authors reviewed the pieces of evidence that show which of the computations that support decision-making are altered in cases of anxiety and depression. The...
Introduction Social psychology is a separate branch within this science, which explores how different social events and influences reflect on people’s ways of thinking and behavior. As society is an integral part of each person’s life, and communication with others is a basic need, these occasions tend to have a...
The study used various data collection methods to gather data from existing archive sources. First, document and records review was used as the primary data collection method to facilitate the entire study. A significant part of the data came from existing written records and reports regarding depression and other mental...
There are lessons that people can learn from history, especially from states: harmful effects of dehumanization during wartime and aggression in the bipolar world. In this paper, I will demonstrate these lessons using studies of Vietnam and the Cold Wars through the prism of Albert Bandura’s theory. Albert Bandura is...
Introduction Unlike material things such as cars or furniture, emotions are harder to fix. Having to deal with various feelings on one’s own can be challenging and lead to adverse psychological outcomes due to burnout from keeping everything to oneself. Therefore, expressing one’s feelings to another person, as exemplified by...
The Family Crucible is a book that portrays the importance of therapy to solve an estranged family relationship. In their book, Dr. Napier and Whitaker feature the Brice family comprised of five, the parents (mother and father), a teenage daughter, their son eleven, and a daughter, six years old. Their...
A child’s development from birth to adulthood is one of the most complex journeys in the human experience. In order to facilitate healthy development not only must the child learn skills that will aid him in surviving the world around him, he also requires constant guidance from a parental figure....
Case overview When speaking of any children-parents relationship paradigm, it is of paramount importance to define the desirable outcome of psychological intervention. Considering Brent’s case, it may be outlined that the primary goal of the therapy is to improve Brent’s relationship with his father and help him become more conscious...
In her TED talk, McGonigal reveals crucial information regarding the effects of stress on the human body. She shows that it is beneficial for people to recognize the positive impact of stress in order to reduce its adverse effects (TED, 2013). This revelation is a significant breakthrough that can benefit...
There is no single theory that can give a comprehensive idea of human lifespan development. To get a more or less complete picture of it, it is important to get acquainted with several theories that are expressed in the type of periodization. This paper aims to compare and contrast two...
The interaction of a child with the outside world occurs according to different principles than that of adults. While the finished product is essential for most of them, children think and perceive the world around them differently. Although exercises, such as games, help children develop motor skills, children do not...
Diversity and cultural factors are key elements that have to be considered in the process of psychotherapy. These elements can influence perceptions of the world and one’s position in it, engagement with other individuals and expectations of personal interactions (social customs) and understanding of mental health and healing. Acknowledging the...
I used observation as the primary method of assessing a child’s development, which helped me thoroughly study its features in the main areas of the general education program of the group. To achieve the necessary indicators, I carefully planned and developed observation procedures. In the process, I thought about the...
This literature review examines the article «An Assessment of Employer Liability for Workplace Stress» written by Lockwood, Henderson, and Stansfield in 2017 to research the development of harmful consequences of experiencing stress at work. The issue of a stressful working environment is exceptionally widespread today, with stress-related illnesses and disorders...
For this discussion, I have chosen the following quotes: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by excessive stress originating from a past event that might be painful, disturbing, or fearful (Colgan et al., 2017). Several types of post-traumatic stress disorders can be identified in patients, including acute stress disorder, which...
Integrative Therapy Integrative therapy describes a more progressive model of psychotherapy in which a wide range of tools and approaches to treatment are combined and tailored to match their unique, singular context. In practice, the therapist selects a blend of methods and models from different theoretical orientations to best match...
Secret Girl is a memoir written by Molly Bruce Jacobs, where she portrays the life of her family and focuses on the main event – the separation from her twin sister Anne. The girls’ parents institutionalized Anne since she was diagnosed with hydrocephalus when she was a newborn (Jacobs, 2007)....
Identity is one of the essential components of the personality of any person. In the context of identity development, adolescence is the most critical moment in a person’s life (Berk, 2018). However, resolving identity conflicts is a challenging process; besides, identity can be viewed from different points of view. Teenagers...
Systematized knowledge of the history of the subject Having received detailed information about the development of psychology and its formation as a full-fledged science, I have a more complete idea of the versatility of this discipline. Originating in ancient Greece as the science of the soul, psychology was initially perceived...
Introduction Literary theories developed throughout the 20th century are essential in scientific discussions regarding the evaluation of various writings, allowing for a thorough investigation of literary qualities present. The formalist approaches to this topic had a tremendous impact on the studies of literature and languages, highlighting the distinctiveness of works...
The later years of a person’s life are associated with significant changes from an emotional and social point of view. The experience accumulated over a long life allows the elderly to perceive information more comprehensively, being the source of life wisdom (Berk, 2018). However, despite all the benefits of the...
The War for Kindness makes a deep exploration of the element of empathy, how it manifests in society and its significance in improving human interactions across the globe. The book opens with a clear revelation of the circumstances through which empathy can materialize within societies. Jamil Zaki’s narration of his...
Introduction Dr. Noble’s talk pertains to the relationship between income and the brain’s development in the early stages of childhood. She argues that children from poverty-stricken communities should be offered income supplements. Dr. Noble suggests that infants from affluent families who are aged three years and above are associated with...
Introduction: Objective of the assignment Review the concept of ego integrity Examine the strategies to promote ego integrity in older adults Study groups activities to promote ego integrity Study individual activities to promote ego integrity Synthesize a conclusion What is Ego Integrity Erik Erikson divided personality development into eight crises...
The prisoner’s dilemma is an exemplary two-parties game inspected in-game theory. It demonstrates why two or more parties may fail to collaborate even though they should to achieve the best common result. The involved parties follow the Nash plan, which hinders the achievement of the best possible outcome. The dilemma...
Disengagement and activity theories are widely used approaches for explaining the aging process. The main difference between these two theories relates to how they perceive elderly people’s activity and engagement in social interactions. Disengagement theory is premised on the idea that the aging is a natural process and that it...
Fluctuations in socioeconomic status often play a critical role in child development and their overall wellness. Fundamentally, children born into families that are socioeconomically disadvantaged often suffer worse well-being and other lifelong implications in societies across the globe (Berger, 2019). From birth, children living under the circumstances that promote socioeconomic...
Fung, J., Kim, J. J., Jin, J., Chen, G., Bear, L., & Lau, A. S. (2019). A randomized trial evaluating school based mindfulness intervention for ethnic minority youth: Exploring mediators and moderators of intervention effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 1-19. Web. Fung et al. (2019) used 145 9th...
Introduction REBT is a type of CBT approach in psychotherapy that enables a client to learn challenging inappropriate and false thoughts that cause unwelcomed behavior and develop new appropriate patterns of running their lives. This therapy assumes that individuals contribute to their psychological problems and symptoms because of their unchanging...
Introduction In early care and education, individuals make an effort to a full family engagement. Therefore, it is important to understand the frequency with which they face emotional problems and challenges with over-demanding families. In most cases, young people have issues with their closest peers. These events usually lead to...
The Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development concerns the way values and aims of a person change as they age, depending on what motivates them at every major stage of their life. These motivations overlap in an interesting manner with the prevalent forms of social and cultural interest in celebrities that...
Introduction Cognitive psychology refers to the process of investigating one’s ability to perceive, learn, remember, think, reason, and understand (Lu & Dosher, 2007). Essentially, cognition studies the process of acquiring and applying information or knowledge. Perception forms an integral part of cognition. Perception explores the process of constructing subjective analyses...
Human behavior is driven by emotions experienced after contact with the external and external environment of a person. Scholars have studied emotions and discovered that certain brain areas are more active during experiences of feelings. However, there seems to be no consensus on the exact biochemical constitution or physiological mechanism...
Introduction Working alliances is a relationship between a patient and a counselor with the hope of psychologically benefitting the client. Alliances express the extent to which the two parties are engaged in collaborative work. The bond, the mission, and the objectives are the three components of functioning cooperation. Tasks are...
Case 1 Background Information The patient in the first case is Mr. Jones, and, according to his records, he comes from a loving and supportive full family. He also reports no behavioral deviations until the initial alcohol consumption at the age of 14 years old. The patient has completed high...
Introduction Relational dialectics may be regarded as a specific concept within the theories of communication. Introduced in 1996 by professors Barbara Montgomery and Leslie Baxter, Rational Dialectics Theory (RDT) focuses on ongoing tensions between contradictory impulses people constantly experience being in close relationships (West & Turner, 2021). In general, the...
Creativity is an essential and valuable skill for every human. This paper argues the combination of positive and negative emotions is most beneficial for creativity. Every type of emotion, positive or negative, has a massive impact on the functioning and activity of the human brain. According to a study by...
Introduction Erik Erikson’s theory concentrates on how social conversation and connection serve a vital duty in the growth of human beings. Erikson agrees that selfness grows in a range of steps of development, additionally, the theory explains the effect of social encounters all over the entire lifetime. The following entails...
Introduction There are multiple benefits to studying behavioral psychology at a professional level, including the opportunity to evaluate and even design behavior modification (BM) strategies that would be effective across diverse settings. As a commonly used treatment approach, BM finds extensive use in self-management and relationship regulation in the family....
Military to Civilian Life Transition While military service is demanding and challenging, reintegration into society and civilian life also poses challenges. According to Parker et al. (2019), 27% of veterans say that re-entry was difficult for them. Emotionally traumatic experiences in the army contribute to poor quality of life after...
People face numerous challenges and difficulties throughout life. Hence it may be crucial to develop a proper, systemic approach to coping with problems. Establishing resilience in order to overcome life difficulties may be the key to problem-solving. There are several steps that may contribute to the achievement of that goal....
Many studies have put forward arguments that the state of mind of a normal person can be easily altered following the underlying scenario in which the individual is subjected (Dittmann 68). Human beings tend to behave differently to enable their survival within a group of people or in society. Flexibility...
The main ideas of the passage: Improve in studying habits. Improve in romantic relationships. Understanding eating disorders. Overcoming fear of spiders. Experiments on animals usually make students bored and uninterested in studying them. However, aspects derived from these experiments can improve studying habits and romantic relationships. Also, help people to...
Almost everybody sometimes feels dissatisfaction with somebody or even their behavior. As for me, I often postpone important things that should be done as soon as possible. Procrastination is that kind of unfavorable behavior that I would not mind extinguishing. I suppose that in that case, reinforcement would be more...
Individual terrorism is a combination of psychological and behavioral factors that lead to the gradual radicalization of a person. Various models describe the stages of this process, but they all converge on describing the same basic principles. In particular, social, political, and personal events form a response to them, which...
The main components related to counselor self-care The counselors should prioritize themselves in a physical, mental, and spiritually healthy life. The physical component of counselor self-care takes into consideration aspects that affect the counselor physiologically. These aspects could include diet, exercise, sleep, and rest (Coaston, 2017). The counselor should stick...
Introduction I have always been interested in observing people and thinking about why they behave as they do. Clinical psychology answers these questions, and being a specialist in this sphere is a great chance to help people with mental, emotional, or behavioral issues. Even though I have no working experience...
Reflective practice refers to the application of focused inquiry to achieve a comprehensive professional and personal awareness, which increases competency in practice. Reflective practice in itself is a self-awareness skill that gives much precedence to emotions, interpretations, feelings, observation, and evaluation of personal thoughts within the context of an individual’s...
The future of counseling involves an intersection between scientific study and Christian intervention. It will be necessary to have skills in both areas to be a good counselor. From this course, I have a better understanding of counseling after learning various research methods and designs. I will contribute to the...
Cultural awareness, humility, social justice, and advocacy are essential factors in the counseling profession. Mosher et al. (2017) explain that failing to understand the cultures and preferences of others poses a challenge to counselors in the community. Embracing these factors expands professionals’ presence, and helps them understand the clients and...
Background information History of present illness Social and family medical history Past medical history and medications Treatment plan State and Federal Regulations Impact of State and Federal Regulations Community resources in Miami How to determine the need for more support Facilities for urgent intervention and assessment Resources for poor patients...
The origin of psychodynamic theory dates back to Sigmund Freud and his followers. The founder of psychoanalysis argued that human behavior and conditions are influenced by complex internal and external dynamics of which people are mostly unaware. Therefore, psychodynamics is often described as an approach that studies the interplay of...
The concept of “personality” was developed in order to understand the social nature of a person. It is the most complex mental structure in which biological and social factors are inextricably linked. Interference in this structure, influences on balance and interaction, will necessarily affect the personality, both as a whole,...
Summary Treatment has been developed, but doctors cannot say that it is always effective, because the causes of this illness are still being established and studied. This is due to the complex nature of depression, as well as its multidimensionality, which makes it difficult for specialists to find effective ways...
Humanistic theory is a new stage in considering a person as a character striving for self-development and self-actualization. They assume that the individual is a highly positive and spiritual being, and negative emotions and traits appear under external factors. Two critical psychologists who have contributed to the development of this...
According to the website’s Today in the History of Psychology database, April 5, 1898, was the date when Morton Prince, clinical psychologist, made a first successful attempt to hypnotize his patient in frames of treatment (Koch, 2020). It was Sally Beauchamp, a person later supposed to have three independent personalities....
Personality examinations are evaluations that offer an understanding of vital evidence about contenders, such as their character, morals, and effort predilections. Behavior tests target to contact features of an individual’s temperament that stay stable across circumstances, denoted as their personality. Disposition is assumed as an assembly of responsive, thought, and...
Everyone has particular values, beliefs, and attitudes developed throughout the course of their lives. The primary factors contributing to how people perceive the world include friends, family, community, and personal experiences. From working experiences, people can interact with vulnerable individuals or those living with unacceptable behavior. Additionally, different moods affect...
The author’s primary research question The author’s primary research question is as follows: “How do potential clients, when confronted with an agency-initiated offer of service, decide whether to accept or decline that offer?” (Altman, 2003, p. 472). The author wanted to investigate what factors (beliefs, perceptions, expectations, or attributions) influenced...
Attachment parenting Attachment parenting promotes quiet alertness, thereby creating conducive environments that help infants learn from their parents. Attachment parenting has various benefits to the development of children. One of the benefits of attachment parenting is that children having solid bonds with their parents tend to develop good communication skills...
The Psychosocial Theory invented and proposed by Erik Erikson is recognized as one of the most influential ones in psychosocial development research. It provides invaluable insight into how individuals adopt different attitudes during different periods of their life and depending on their personal experiences and interactions (Walker and Miller 57)....
In the modern world, mental problems are becoming more common, which affect not only adults, but also children. Adolescent Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is explained by disturbances in the psychological and emotional stability of a person. In adolescence and childhood, it can affect the constant demand for attention and the...
A few reasons explain why transference and countertransference are typical when working with children. Firstly, transference is present because it is difficult for children to manage their emotions. This situation results in the fact that if a child witnessed a bad or good person in the past, this experience likely...
Bullying can be described as purposeful and intended aggressive actions that make victims uncomfortable or cause harm to the victims (Nurlia & Suardiman, 2020, p. 7). Causes of bullying can be grouped into three; individual, social, and family causes. Individual causes may be a result of feelings of weakness and...
Claudia witnessed the mugging scene, and that experience resulted in fear and anxiety. This information means that social work services could be beneficial for the client. Firstly, Chiesa (2012) stipulates that sand play can be a linking tool between a child and an adult. Social workers can use this connection...
Basic Emotions Emotions are resultant feelings from failure or success of the desired goals. There are six basic emotions: fear, surprise, anger, happiness, disgust, and sadness. Understanding how human behavior is connected to emotions is the best way of motivating human behavior. Many psychologists learn and understand such knowledge, which...
There are various causes of stress, and they predominantly include troubles and challenges, which require significant efforts to cope with them. As for me, I notice difficulties with money, relationship conflicts, significant losses of close people and material things, betrayals, and drastic and unexpected changes in my life. These days,...
The Relationship Between Design Packaging and Its Contents People live in a world of symbols created by themselves, and these symbols largely affected the way humans perceive this world. McLuhan and Fiore stress that children at a young age are exposed to words and other symbols that “predispose the child...
Learning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy The third chapter by Wright, Basco, and Thase (2017) discusses the strategies for assessing patients to decide whether they are suitable for cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Furthermore, the authors present the elements that help one to initiate and plan CBT for individual patients. In the first part of...
Introduction The growth and development of a child have a vital role in explaining their social, emotional, physical, and cognitive wellbeing. Various observable traits explain every stage from infancy to late childhood. These characteristics are helpful to parents, teachers, and caregivers in meeting children’s needs that facilitate healthy growth and...
Introduction Since the dawn of civilization and the genesis of the first social, interpersonal connections, the differentiation between the concepts of “good” and “bad” has been a matter of meticulous research and reflection. Eventually, the opposites of this dimension have evolved into the phenomenon of moral justification of actions, or...
Nowadays, human trafficking still seems to be an unresolved and thorny issue. Burt, the author of the article “Modern-day slavery in the U.S.: Human trafficking and counselor awareness,” states the purpose of providing possible solutions to increasing counselors’ awareness of human trafficking. In other words, Burt explains what counselors should...
Introduction Developmental psychology is an area that includes a wide range of disciplines and approaches to the study of human behavior and perceptions throughout the course of life. The purpose of this work is to assess the psychology of adolescents by applying relevant concepts and considering some issues with specific...
Introduction The rate of divorce in the world has significantly increased over the past few decades, and children are usually the most affected. Children are usually forced to adjust to the divorce, and there is often variability as there are several factors that affect their adjustment. In most cases, when...
Introduction The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (The Chronicles of Narnia) by C. S. Lewis This is a classic book about four siblings who go through fantastic adventures in a fantasy wonder-world. While playing hide and seek, children discover a portal to the magical world of Narnia in an...
The personal development of an individual occurs throughout life. Personality is one of those phenomena that is rarely interpreted in the same way by two different authors. In one way or another, all definitions of personality are conditioned by two opposite views on its development. Despite numerous conceptual and other...
The article published in Behavioral Disorders discusses the possible ways to provide education for children with or at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) without detracting from the overall education quality. Zaheer et al. (2019) points out that the most obvious reaction to children with EBD is punitive measures,...
Introduction to the concept of social psychology Social influence is social psychology that comprises both deliberate and indeliberate fortitudes to modify individual attitudes, beliefs, or behavior. This theory explains that some individuals are likely to adjust their actions depending on the situation they find themselves in (Gackowski, 2018). Social influence...
Many people tend to engage in deception, whether it is telling a white lie in order to save negative emotions or fabricating existing information to gain an advantage when negotiating for a deal. Some forms of deceptions are socially acceptable while others can be legally, ethically, or morally questionable (Masip...
For ages, scholars have tried hard to identify an explanation to social deviance. While the normalcy and naturalness of things goes unnoticed by many, the intricacies involved in the daily conceptualization and attachment of meaning to actions and things remain a controversial issue in the realms of sociological scholarship. For...
Some people are more prone to developing PTSD than others because of trauma at a younger age, like physical assault or major accidents. Such experiences may cause brain hyperactivity, leading to a more vigorous reaction to stress. The condition can also be attributed to genetics, where there might be a...
Introduction The common ways individuals of a specific community bond and perpetuate their culture and traditional practices are through language, gestures, interactions, and spoken and written words. According to Nameni (2020), communication is viewed through a person’s cultural lens, and each communicator tends to be ethnocentric when using their native...
The selected topic for Strategic Plan is the mental health of unaccompanied children refugees at the U.S. border. As part of global tendencies, millions of refugees, which include underage children and adolescents, are undertaking high-risk journeys in order to flee from poverty, violence, war, persecution, and other adverse circumstances. Due...
Storytelling is one of the oldest and most respectful communication techniques in various cultures. In storytelling, the story, through the narrator, captures the attention, brings emotions, and affects the consciousness of the listener via dance, art, play, or music. The listener of the story can create his or her world...
The purpose of the ‘getaway’ spaces is to give children a break from the impact of group life. It does not imply isolation from the group as a punishment. This is a place where one or two children can relax without interference from other children and at the same time...
Introduction The majority of the youths are at risk for developing anxiety defects in various environmental settings such as schools and residential areas. Several literature works have investigated the effects of stress disorders and potential intervention measures. Fung et al. (2019) demonstrate that a school-based mindfulness intervention effectively lowered the...
Introduction According to the World Health Organization, about one million lives are lost annually as a result of a suicide mission. The escalating number of deaths due to suicide increases concern about the causes of suicidal thoughts and what prompts people to have such experiences. In WHO studies, it is...
Introduction Narrative therapy is a psychotherapy treatment that aims to identify and transform the effects of the patients’ concerns and help them reassess their values and skills to address life-challenging events. In this paper, narrative therapy is examined through the lens of grief counseling. This analysis focuses on patient Kelly...
Introduction The behavior model has been pre-eminent in matters regarding social sciences. During the twentieth century, the model became well known by medical practitioners. The model was associated firmly with the advancement of empiricist ideology, first during dogma and eventually in the science field. The model developers include Descartes, a...
Introduction The construct of “propensity to commit a crime” refers to an individual’s likelihood to engage in unlawful behavior at any point in their lives. Understanding which opinions held by individuals are linked to their willingness to commit a crime may help the media, government and social workers to approach...
Introduction Dear Families in the eighth year’s old classroom, this letter was created with a request for your support in the understanding and development of children. Families have a significant impact on the development process and perception of children. Each nationality and background have its own cultural characteristics, and because...
The study by Kristofersson et al. (2016) explored the implementation of an adapted mindfulness program for adults, having traumatic brain injuries and substance use problems. The authors recruited patients and staff of Vinland National Center to analyze their perceptions of this program. There were four focus groups, of which two...
The given case conceptualization will primarily focus on a patient, Ms. Cruz, who is suffering from recurring nightmares of hurting her four-month-old son, which severely hinders her daily functionality. The key element of her problem is stress management, which manifests itself in her being unable to control her frustration with...
This paper summarizes an interview with the psychotherapist Amy Morin, the author of the book 13 Things Mentally Strong Parents Don’t Do, given to Toronto Star. She talked about the methods parents could use to raise mentally healthy and psychologically balanced children. “Helicopter,” or overprotective parenting may have a harmful...
The article outlines two main approaches to the issue of exchange and communal norms within intimate connections. The first approach, interdependence theory, claims that, given that people enter into relationships to satisfy their needs, “our relationship partners meet our needs, and in return, they meet ours” (Ludden para.4). As a...
The present study is guided by two influential developmental theories that explain the way people learn and adopt behavioral patterns they use in their life. Bandura’s social learning theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are appropriate frameworks to explore the path from school to prison many students of color have...
Introduction Separation refers to people who were previously married but mutually chose to go separate ways. The separation time can be short-term for months or long-term for years. This insinuates that the pair opted to part ways, therefore, they have agreed in unison to discrete their financial obligation, assets, roles,...
Introduction The framing effect represents a cognitive bias in which individuals are tasked with deciding on options that have positive and negative connotations. Therefore, the decisions of individuals are being influenced by the manner in which information is being presented. Moreover, when it comes to equivalent details, they can be...
Summary Counseling is a professional relationship where different individuals, families, and groups meet with a professional trainer to talk about how to achieve goals concerning their career, mental health, and education, among others. In individual counseling, the counselor should establish a relationship with the client that involves respect, compassion, and...
Abstract The present paper is dedicated to the analysis of the profession of a psychologist. The critical aim of the paper is to create an algorithm, adherence to which will help obtain a license of a counselor. The algorithm consists of five steps: masters degree, Ph.D., 2000 supervision hours, the...
No doubt, the phenomenon of multiple relationships is one of the most important aspects of a psychologist’s ethics code. Multiple relationships are those, which may occur between a therapist and a patient and extend beyond the limits of professional aspects. Generally, the attitude towards them is harmful, and those relationships...
Recently, I have had a dream about how I am winning the international table tennis tournament. I should note here that I tend to follow the expectation-fulfillment theory when interpreting my dreams (Figure 1), and it seems to explain my mentioned dream exhaustively. My friends and I went to play...
I think the best way to describe my current understanding of death would be to mention that suffering and demise are inevitable. They should be perceived as the inextricable elements of human life that cannot and should not be eradicated from the natural cycle that each of us has to...
Masarik, A. S., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Stress and child development: A review of the Family Stress Model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 85-90. Web. The first article under consideration is Stress and child development: a review of the family stress model written by authors April Masarik and Rand...
Abnormal psychology is an aspect of psychology that deals with studying individuals who cannot adapt to different situations. Abnormal psychology focuses on the physical trait portrayed by an individual to one’s personality or other peoples’ life. For instance, if an individual’s behavior causes harm or disrupts one’s life or others,...
A person’s behavior affects how they appear in society’s eyes and how it reacts to them. Proponents of the concept of behaviorism believe that the human body begins to behave in a certain way because it was forced to do so. The behavior that I would like to change is...
It is vital to monitor children’s behavior on a daily basis, as this helps to track changes in their behavior. Mainly, it is beneficial when a kid demonstrates challenging conduct as observation helps identify their needs and develop a better understanding of such demeanor. As a result, observation establishes the...
The theory of learning requires the analysis of the correlations between stimuli and reactions. The understanding of these connections helps to identify their role in human life. Sensitization, habituation, and classical conditioning are the learning processes that help to explain human behavior. Sensitization is the learning process associated with the...
Abstract The purpose of the proposed research is to investigate the effect of a school-based mindfulness-based intervention on stress among ethnic minority adolescents. Preliminary research findings show that mindfulness-based therapies effectively reduce stress, depressive disorders, and other mental health conditions in at-risk adolescents (Bluth et al., 2019). There exist several...
Summary There have been increasing cases of violence amongst the youth, which has become a pressing issue in many countries, particularly the United States. Given this situation, researchers have sought to come up with explanations for this violent behavior. Obaid et al. (2018) and Şengönül (2017), for example, suggested that...
With the innovational advancement in spacecraft and observational technology, there is a growing demand on the cosmonauts resilient to stress and adaptation challenges. Notwithstanding, there are different stages with comparing objectives which incorporate adjusting towards the new space climate, setting productive work systems or schedules, planning for the Mars arrival,...
Introduction Behavioral issues in children and adolescents preventing them from successful socialization frequently derive from their inability to communicate their current needs. The cases of Michael and Cathy are no exception to the rule, and they can be viewed through the lens of their failure to interact with peers and...
Personal constructs theory by Gorge Kelly states that human emotions are affected by an individual’s mood, actions, behaviors, and feelings. Individuals develop personal constructs on how they view the world. Kelly developed four elements in most human disturbances, such as fear, threats, anxiety, and guilt, which play a significant role...
From the past weeks in the course, many lessons can be drawn from the science of creativity, one of which concerns the environmental conditions that affect the process of creativity. From the creative press, a person can also learn lessons about understanding the kind of creative people, which can help...
Introduction Memory is the system, which enables to encode, store, and retrieve obtained information over time. It is related to brain functioning and also can be considered as the faculty of it. The use of memory is involved in any human beings’ activity, as it is based on the received...
Implicit Association Test is a test that aims to discover and measure the implicit bias of a person taking it. In the time of taking the test, a person needs to react quickly and answer questions that divide concepts into two categories (Harvard’s Project Implicit, 2021). Despite people making their...
The cognitive process of reasoning/knowledge is an essential process related to learning, problem-solving, decision-making, and language. According to Socher et al. (2020), language and reasoning are interrelated processes, with language influencing “analogical reasoning ability” and reasoning “helping to detect new linguistic meanings” (p. 1). The primary functions of reasoning are...
Background Cognitive psychology studies how people receive information about the world, how it is presented to humans, how it is stored in memory and transformed into knowledge, and how it affects our attention and behavior. Cognitive psychology encompasses the full range of psychological processes, and covers all kinds of behavioral...
Self-confidence is a virtue linked to everything people want in life, like success at work, good relationships, a positive sense of self, and happiness. With the help of the Self Confidence Workbook, readers are able to build confidence and accomplish their dreams by developing their self-esteem. Readers understand why self-confidence...
This case tells the story of a day in the life of Emmett Taylor who works as an operations manager in a bottling company. When the storm prevents the normal function of the factory and delays supplies, Taylor suffers from stress (Behfar & Bodily, 2015). His frustration is caused by...
Abstract Self-esteem is a critical subject in the context of social relationships. The health of a relationship may depend on the level of self-esteem where high self-esteem improves relationships while low self-esteem degrades them. This relationship has been expressed in many studies, as expressed in the literature review. The current...
For people with attitudinal conflict, direct persuasion may not necessarily be effective. As Maliszewski (2011) highlights, people respond to conflict between their internal and external attitudes by exaggerating the latter to overcompensate. As a result, despite agreeing with anti-smoking messaging internally, smokers would be driven to ignore it and light...
When service dogs are used by the police or to help people with disabilities, their presence in social spaces is not disputable. When they are used to providing psychological help to people with psychological illnesses, their role becomes less obvious. Other assistance dogs, such as therapy and emotional support dogs,...
Introduction Singlehood refers to a situation of being unmarried or not involving relationships based on intimacy. The categories of singles include voluntary temporary singles, younger individuals who have never been married, and divorced people delaying marriage and remarriage (Himawan et al., 2018). The second is voluntary permanent singles, and these...
Introduction Dual earners refer to the families where both parents work and bring the paycheck home to share out the responsibilities of the household. Single earners on the other hand refer to the families whereby only one parent works and their earnings are used to cater for the household responsibilities....
Overview of Basis for Treatment There’s so much skepticism around borderline personality disorder (BPD), a mental condition marked by emotional dysregulation and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships. Many films have been used to establish characters with the same state, but no other movie depicts it as Silver Linings Playbook. Furthermore, the two...
The term of identity is intertwined closely with the concept of self, which is, in turn, among the key ones in psychology. Also, identity is an object of multiple social, political, and cultural studies that are currently gaining a special topicality on the background of the ever-strengthening globalist trends. The...
Patients with bipolar disorder present one of the most interesting populations to be studied from the abnormal psychology perspective. In their article, Duffy et al. (2019) report the outcomes of a two-decade observational and correlational study that aimed to observe the development and psychological maturation of bipolar patients’ children. The...
Human behavior develops with the habits and reactions based on instincts or past experiences and frequently becomes harmful to well-being. The ability to regulate and change one’s actions is influenced by reflective and implicit processes (St Quinton and Brunton, 2017). Consequently, a person can manage their health approaches by addressing...
Growth in mental complexity contributes to the shaping of conscience through the development of the feeling of empathy. Empathy can be characterized as a state of mental awareness of the feelings and emotions of other people. According to Schalkwijk (2018), the concept of self plays an essential role in this...
In thinking about improving the psychological instability treatment framework, the main thing to do is demonstrate who is liable for an individual’s emotional wellness. In the event that nobody is mindful, nobody can be accused; consequently, there is no influence to improve the framework. Individuals experiencing mental problems like sorrow,...
Notes Social media has been associated with many negative issues, one of which is mental health. The article states that social media have been responsible for the deprived mental health among the users. The research was conducted on different social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and other discussion board. Findings...
Introduction It is common knowledge that the health of the body depends on the health of the nervous system. Psychologists do a great job by helping people deal with their worries and fears because sometimes the patients have no one who could be trusted apart from the counselor. Previously, I...
I chose an article that discusses the effects of the ongoing pandemic on college students’ mental health. To determine whether to classify this source as scientific or non-scientific knowledge, it is essential to know the differences between the two types. One key distinction is that knowledge obtained through scientific methods...
Women have always had to overcome great obstacles in science to be recognized. Margaret Washburn is one of such women who have overcome formidable obstacles to work as an academy psychologist. Despite this, however, she has become the first woman who received formal recognition with a Ph.D. in psychology from...
Unfortunately, in many cultures, physical punishment is still common practice in raising children. Many parents sincerely believe that spanking is the most effective and quick way to educate and influence a child. However, the majority of them do not think about what consequences this may cause. According to Okuzono et...
The conflict that has taken place in the child care setting is concerned with discriminatory attitudes of one child toward another, manifesting through bullying and name-calling. Steven is one of the child care attendees who regularly calls Jessie, an adopted daughter of a gay couple, derogatory names. This caused much...
Almost all children go through the stage of individuation when they learn to be separated from their parents. Most toddlers quickly overcome separation anxiety and get used to the situation. However, sometimes a child may have problems because of the intense emotional pain and fear he experiences when being separated...
Many parents perceive television as harmful to their children due to the violence, stupidity, and false images of the TV show. While this fact is correct, parents often overlook that television also positively impacts the development and education of children through educational programs and cartoons that teach children valuable skills...
Physically impaired people and their relationships with sports are traditionally associated with rehabilitation periods. Nevertheless, the benefit of sports for disabled people has been proved not only on physical but also psychological levels. Physical activities helped increase muscular strength, improve balance and mobility, and increase maximum oxygen consumption (Valliant, Bezzubyk,...
Abstract This counseling group explores the numerous dimensions of a developing female adolescent identity while also encouraging a high degree of self-esteem. Adolescence is a period of life defined by significant identity issues and low self-esteem, especially for females (Pringle et al., 2016). As a result, this 12-week counseling group...
The rising cases of mental and behavioral disorders across all patient populations call for implementing the appropriate interventions. Mental health experts and researchers have invested time and funds in numerous research projects to determine the most effective treatment options for such patients. In its various forms, cognitive-behavioral therapy has gained...
In the context of present-day developments, psychological therapies and counseling are popular among the broad public. One of the approaches is externalizing conversation, which is considered an effective solution to personal problems. It implies a type of dialogue when a specialist introduces the space between the patient and the problem...
In the modern world, psychological assistance is an indispensable attribute for achieving a successful and conscious relationship with themself and between family members. Almost every member of society has its psychologist who is engaged in individual psychotherapy and counseling. At the same time, when using family psychotherapy, it is essential...
One of the characteristic phenomena of human society is conformism. Studies of this phenomenon have been conducted for a long time, and one of them was a series of experiments conducted by the American psychologist Solomon Asch. An article about the study was published in 1951. The psychologist Asch aimed...
Depression alters one’s mood, making one feel sad and lose interest in people, events, and objects, and thus may cause physical and emotional problems. It may involve treatment in the long run if it persists, which includes medication and psychotherapy. This paper will focus on a detailed summary of other...
Introduction Many people have faced various social labels and stigmas at work, in school, and in daily life. These labels are often harmful as they entail a special attitude towards the person, although sometimes they are also harmless. However, while the social origins of labeling, the process of their formation...
In psychological science, constructs appear to be an effective method for comprehending and analyzing human behavior. This term is used for labeling a cluster of covarying behavioral patterns, and therefore, it presents a mental construction. It is useful for providing an in-depth insight into the cause of commonality of people’s...
Introduction Human behavior has always been one of the most mysterious and challenging concepts in terms of justification and reasonable explanation. As a result, there is little astonishment in the fact that many sociologists decided to define the fundamentals of such justification through cognitive science and psychological triggers like motivation....
Introduction Many people do not recall their first two or three years when they were toddlers, but early life experiences are likely to live with them for many years. As such, early learning continue to shape their actions into adult life. While upbringing ordeals one undergoes when growing up characterize...
Traditionally defined as adolescents’ inability to draw the line between the actual idea that other people have of them and their interpretation of others’ perception of them, adolescent egocentrism is a term coined by David Elkind (Santrock, 2015). The phenomenon is quite common in most adolescent people. In fact, the...
Abstract Human developmental life stages explain the changes children undergo as they grow and mature. Various theories have been created to explain the different development aspects that include cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Developmental life stages in human is a varied and rich subject to study. Everyone has their personal...
The concept of need is fundamental to Murray’s explanation of human conduct. As an invisible link that connects what is directly observed and the resulting action, need may be imagined to possess the characteristics that a comprehension of the observed phenomena demands (Murray, 1938, as cited in, Champoux, 2017). Accordingly,...
The transition from childhood to adolescence is accompanied by an intensification of several internal developmental processes such as physical, sexual, psychosexual, and psychosocial. The book “Exploring Lifespan Development” provides a detailed analysis of the psychological and physical conditions of adolescence. During puberty, there is the rapid growth of the body...
This reflection paper focuses on delineating the exciting topics and concepts I have learned in the course and outlines the areas that need more focus. While studying, I have learned that peer influence on adolescents and youths affects brain functioning during physical and mental activities and determines how well or...
Taste aversion describes negative associations and tendencies to avoid particular foods. It is often caused by negative experiences, such as illness, that occur shortly after eating the food in question. For instance, if one gets ill after eating a variety of different dishes at a party, he or she might...
Anakin Skywalker, also known as Darth Vader, is a character in George Lukas’s Star Wars space opera. His path from a benevolent Jedi to a Dark Side leader is a great example of the personality development. Anakin was born to Schmi Skywalker, a solo-living woman who claimed that she had...
Gee, D., Gabard-Durnam, L., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Humphreys, K., & Telzer, E. et al. (2013). Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 110(39), 15638-15643. Web. Gee et al. (2013) have addressed the effect of maternal deprivation on human brain...
Three articles on various aspects of human personality have been studied during the preparation for this research. These articles focus on the following subjects: cognitive dissonance and how it affects the decision-making process, the evaluation of antisocial tendencies, and the traits connected to criminal personality. They also have a common...
Lifespan development refers to the complete process of human development, from birth to death. It implies a holistic and multi-dimensional approach to revealing and understanding the psychological, cognitive, emotional, as well as social changes that individuals undergo throughout their lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth...
Psychology is relatively modern science, which offers various controversial studies, yet it has already proven to be valuable and beneficial as a theoretical science and in practice. As the establishment of that modern science continues, distinct studies, coming from people with opposing views are emerging. Two main approaches that represent...
Without self-exploration, the counselor could project their problems and stress onto their clients. Helpers need to recognize the impact of working with suffering individuals on their mental state. They must be aware of their inner reactions and learn to overcome their pain constructively in order to be effective in their...
People experience different challenges that require them to act ethically and ensure that other individuals are protected. The four types of courage defined by psychologist Rollo Maya and examined by Karen Cox show the importance of different kinds of courage. These four aspects are physical, social, moral, and creative courage....
With the advent of microtechnology and the Internet, cell phones evolved into efficient and indispensable assistances in people’s daily lives. Individuals may use it to access information, connect with other people everywhere and anytime, or as entertainment by playing games or scrolling social media. Nevertheless, excessive use of smartphones and...
The big five model factors of personality are significant as they relate to the daily experiences of people. The five factors originated with Odbert and Allport in the late 1930s after which they spread across cultures (Han & Pistole, 2017). Among the five factors, openness is the most significant personality...
This work describes morality as the main component of modern society. It is an integral part of it, as it regulates order and interpersonal relations. In addition, the article describes rationalizations, justifications, and distractions that are tools for hiding the truth. People suppress the truth for various reasons, and often...
Self-defeating thoughts happen to be the damaging interpretations that individuals have about themselves and the environment that surrounds them. These defective beliefs influence their self-worth and their outlooks regarding individual capabilities and their associations with other people. There are various ways in which people can manage self-defeating thoughts (Housman &...
Introduction Anxiety diseases are mental well-being disorders that are characterized by reactions of distress or fear and worry that can interfere with typical day-to-day activities. Panic attacks, social phobias are some of the examples of anxiety disorders. The disorders can affect one’s life in various ways, like always expecting a...
Introduction The achievement of success during therapy depends on the practical application of specific theoretical principles and counseling skills. This case study underscores the challenges Hideko faces as she struggles to achieve a balance between caring for her ill mother and succeeding at school. In addition, she barely has time...
Mental Disorder Chosen The type of mental disorder chosen is depression, which affects millions of people worldwide each year. Depression is a feeling of constant sadness and loss of interest, affecting how a person performs their day-to-day activities. There are different types of depression, including dysthymia, psychotic, melancholia, and major...
The Early Childhood stage of development lasts from 3 to 5 years. During this period, children are already ready to master complex skills, such as riding a two-wheeled bicycle. This period is the main stage in the development of speech. This is a reason why is why it is especially...
The speech begins to develop, starting from the first days of human life. The individual characteristics of each child make up a specific picture of his language development. For example, one toddler out of five will start talking later than peers (American Academy in Pediatrics, 2019). However, some milestones exist...
Introduction As children grow, they develop physically and have measurable attributes such as weight and height. Further to this physical growth, as children grow, they also develop cognitive abilities. Jean Piaget was the first psychologist who did an in-depth study into how children acquire understanding as they grow. Piaget concluded...
Notes Every psychologist would like to find out the best method of treating stress and depression. The article presents research on the best way to tend to such medical issues. The ERT, or the Emotional Regulation Therapy, demonstrates significant improvement in treating anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, ruminating, worrying, and being...
Most of the existing IQ tests measure general intelligence level, which is due to the relative ease of their preparation. If I were to create such a tool for psychological measurement, then I would include tasks for working memory, space perception, and arithmetic abilities. IQ tests must be standardized, which...
Many conflicts arise from wrong conclusions resulting from how people perceive others in a given situation. A simple statement can result in conflict while the original intent was good. As people interact with each other, there are many ways through which perception can lead to conflict. Sometimes, perceptions are influenced...
In our daily lives we sometimes have to contend with poor decision-making. As resolution formulation is a cognitive activity, it means that the outcomes from conclusions drawn, may either be rational or irrational (Priest, 2019). If an unreasonable settlement is formed, then probably the assumptions built were not supported by...
Nowadays, due to the fast pace of life and omnipresence of technology and digital entertainment media, it is hard to slow down, take a deep breath and just enjoy the present moment. Those were my first thoughts when I received the assignment. Being reminded of the importance of spirituality in...
Attachment Psychologists distinguish four attachment patterns: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant or anxious-ambivalent, and insecure-disorganized. From infancy, children carry these models into the future, which help them seek lifelong approaches to relationships with other people (Fearon & Roisman,2017). A secure pattern implies a relationship with a parent who consistently satisfies the need...
Introduction The Justice system faces significant controversial dilemmas constantly. It may be impossible always to find the person who committed the crime or to prove the guilt. In some cases, laws may conflict, and interpretation of a concrete situation may fall entirely on the shoulders of the judges. For instance,...
Jung Typology Carl Jung, a psychiatrist from Switzerland, invented the Jung typology which has become very popular. The theory suggests that persons have characteristics determined by four preferences. Additionally, the Jung typology describes various psychological functions, including sensing, feeling, thinking, and perceiving. Personality tests can be determined through multiple assessments,...
Parental divorce or separation and children’s mental health Authors of the article: Brian D’Onofrio and Robert Emery Hypothesis/ Research question/ Purpose: The research focuses on the relationship between parental divorce or separation and children’s mental health. It elaborated on the impact and outcome of children from divorced or separated parents....
It is hard to stay calm in the modern world where people face excessive workload, complicated relationships, financial worries, and transitional periods in life. Stress is almost inevitable because it is a natural reaction of the body to danger. Sometimes it can be positive, helping to be more alert and...
Personality Disorder is a long-term pattern of how someone feels, thinks, and behaves, which causes problems or distress from what culture expects. This disorder can be inherited or influenced by the environment or experiences. It affects how one response emotionally, relates with others or thinks about themselves and others (Kramer,...
In most cases, the phrase “The ends justify the means” is associated with the justification of unethical, immoral, and illegal actions if the outcome is profitable for the people involved. Niccolò Machiavelli who had introduced these words frequently mentioned them in the same context in his works, stating that doers...
Sexuality is a complex concept that deals with biological and social aspects affecting human behavior and mental health. It has been a sensitive tabooed topic for years, which makes it difficult to openly discuss and attempt to change the social attitudes towards sexual aspects of human life. Accordingly, it requires...
Introduction People are often exposed to distressing events that affect them and their development in the future. Stress and trauma can significantly impact one’s mental health and biological makeup, leading to the development of various physical and psychological conditions. Nevertheless, resilience is the most common outcome of exposure to traumatic...
Love is an emotion in which individuals are bound and devoted. From the standpoint of evolutionary psychology, love developed so that children’s parents could live together long enough to achieve their sexual maturity. According to Good Therapy (2020), “love is complex. A mix of emotions, behaviors, and beliefs associated with...
Children with developmental delays require work on the formation of communication skills based on several principles developed in general, correctional pedagogy and particular psychology. Applied verbal behavior (ABA) is a behavior analysis process intended to teach a child with developmental delays to speak the language and communicate. The purpose of...
Introduction All people experience a considerable change in their cognitive and social behavior during adolescence which ultimately impacts their future life. As a result, every individual has a story about their transformation during that period. Personally, I would not like to disclose my private information, but my aunt Jane told...
One exciting idea from the reading is that it helps people become mentally sharp when faced with challenging situations. Challenging experiences help an individual’s brain focus on a specific problem or challenge and process the information quickly. Likewise, it recalls it when dealing with related issues, developing ways to solve...
The topic of the planned research will be how the Stroop effect is related to age and gender. The Stroop effect refers to the delay in the response time, which is measured using the Stroop test. In general, the Stroop test is a set of color words printed with the...
Abstract The proposal presents the topic of the anxiety of musicians in music performance, as well as how this anxiety could be alleviated. The research questions are as follows: 1) Is there a link between musicians’ types of temperament and the extent of anxiety they face in music performance? 2)...
Physical description of the child Laura is wearing a red, turtleneck, long sleeved shirt. She is in dark blue pants, with white open shoes. She is wearing two little ponytails on her head, each on the side. A silky hair band, which is dark blue in colour to match the...
Introduction Many internal and external influences can define an individual’s life and success. However, as most external factors are principally out of one’s control, it can be asserted that internal elements have the principal effect on a person’s endeavors and efforts. In particular, emotional intelligence has a meaningful impact on...
Communication is an essential aspect of human interaction, as evidenced in modern societies. Analyzing people is vital for enhancing social cohesion and objective conflict resolution among individuals. As a result, this discussion presents a review on practical mechanisms of analyzing people by Katherine Chambers. The book How to analyze people:...
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a kind of treatment presented by Albert Ellis during the 1950s. It is a methodology that causes you recognize unreasonable convictions and negative idea designs that may prompt enthusiastic or social issues. He alludes that not actuating occasion but individual conduct and musings lead...
The subjects related to personality psychology are currently of significant interest for both scholarly and non-scholarly writers. The content published on various information websites often refers to the relationship between personality traits and achievable levels of welfare and happiness. The article “Does your personality predict your happiness?” by Greater Good...
Experimental research design is aimed at studying the causal relationships between two variables. Most often, two variables are used: the independent or influence variable, and the dependent, which is the one that is being influenced. Experimental research design suggests that the independent variable will have some influence on the dependent...
Introduction Communication apprehension refers to the fear and anxiety experienced by a person when they communicate with someone else or a group of people. It is a psychological response to the stress that comes when addressing people, and since the body perceives this communication as a stressor, it responds with...
Brian Case Overview Brian was one of the two people discussed in the intervention video #4. The clip has detailed many of the man’s life circumstances, including his family, loved ones, housing and finances, as well as the type of addiction he is suffering from. Brian is a 24-year-old male...
It is definitely not a secret that every individual is different. People have distinct opinions, perspectives, ways of communicating, principles of communicating, and behavioral patterns. However, there is still a question of why human beings behave the way they do which contributes to the emergence of various discussions between professionals...
In general, the stage of change or transtheoretical model was designed to understand human behavior through comprehensive steps toward change. The stages of the model include pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance (Raihan & Cogburn, 2021). In the present day, the transtheoretical model is regarded as effective across multiple problems,...
Organizational behavior is comprised of four main areas of study, which are psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Although each of the studies people, the emphasis and focus are put on a different aspect of human dynamics. However, the primary accentuation should be given towards the field of psychology, which...
Adler believed that people have a moral way of covering their ungodly, awkward, and unwelcome self-centered character from public scrutiny. These methods, in the form of ‘cover-ups’, are what Adler referred to as safeguarding tendencies. They are self-protection measures instead of the construction of what Adler called neurotic symptoms. Most...
One of the essential points I learned about the psychology of emotions is the mechanism of the so-called fight or flight response. It is an automatic evolutionary reaction to a stressful or frightening situation that lies in an instant activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Psychology Tools, n.d.). It readies...
Introduction Suicide is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. What aggravates the current situation is the COVID-19 pandemic that triggers vulnerable people’s mental conditions and is anxiety-inducing due to social isolation, health dangers, and uncertainty. It is now common knowledge that suicidal...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that going to school, communicating with peers, obtaining new skills, and getting both positive and negative experiences may be challenging for the majority of children and adolescents. However, few people realize that it is even more difficult for young kids with certain mental disorders...
Introduction Reflection plays an important role in continuous personal and professional development. The practice involves utilizing acquired knowledge rather than reciting what has been learned (Cameron, 2016). Hicks et al. (2019) conquer that the feelings and thoughts emerging from pondering about the situation enable people to generate new concepts. This...
Psychological progress entered everyday life and the humanitarian attitude to the upbringing of children was shaped, but some people still regard infliction as an appropriate disciplinary measure. I strongly disagree with this archaic approach and, as a parent, I would never intend to punish my child, meanwhile, I find using...
Introduction The phenomenon of PTSD is not as uncommon in military families as one might have believed it to be. Due to the precious exposure to multiple traumatic occurrences, military veterans receive powerful trauma that defines their interactions with their family members to a significant extent (Solomon et al., 1992)....
This paper provides a brief critique of Chapters 7 and 8 of the book by Persons (2008) entitled The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. The reviewed chapters dwell upon the use of formulation to create a treatment plan and the use of relationship in CBT (cognitive-behavior therapy). In this...
Introduction Single parenthood is becoming an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in the western hemisphere, especially in the United States and European Union. This social trend began in the 1970s along with social liberation (Cashmore, 2014). Some people consider the growing single-parent family rate is an acute societal issue and a sign...
How the idea of an explanatory style explains psychological disorders The explanatory style is a psychological trait that allows individuals to offer similar explanations for different events using either an optimistic or pessimistic approach. It is advantageous in that an optimistic perspective facilitates healing. However, a pessimistic approach tends to...
Introduction The time of the beginning of adulthood is a controversial measurement for defining this stage of one’s life. The reason for it is the difference of approaches of different scholars to the problem. The traditional specialists who developed stage theories with their specificities and struggles, such as Erik Erikson...
John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst born in 1907 believed that behavioral and mental health problems were a result of a person’s early childhood. His evolutionary attachment ideology proposes that a child is born preprogrammed to develop associations with others (Bowlby, 2018). Bowlby believed that this attribute helped children to survive in...
Why Worldview Matters Every individual has a different and unique way of viewing the world. Worldviews are how people see and interpret the world around them. There are different world realities for everyone due to the circumstances we grow up. For instance, the economic conditions of a person, education, and...
Stress is a tension that occurs in the life of a person. There is a way in which an individual manages to control stress in the workplace. Staying away from conflict is one method of avoiding stress. A disagreement can affect people emotionally, resulting in pressure. It is rare for...
Introduction The formation of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial skills is an ongoing process that begins with the birth of a child. Dividing the lifespan into separate developmental stages allows highlighting the key steps that a person goes through as they grow up and gain new attainments. This work aims to...
Introduction Anxiety is very similar to other diseases that people recognize as serious, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, etc. Anxiety disorders very common in countries like the USA. Anxiety is defined as a two-week period in which an individual feels depressed, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or otherwise uninterested in life,...
A person experiences different emotions in various situations, which color them in different shades. There are positive and negative emotions such as pride or boredom. In everyday life, they organically interact, forming a whole emotional picture of a person’s existence. However, sometimes various events are so unexpected that they shock...
Introduction Finishing school and going to college may be an incredibly difficult process for numerous young people. Many factors can make it challenging, including exams and tests, sleepless nights for good grades, vast amounts of homework, and nervous anticipation of news from colleges. Therefore, most teenagers go to higher educational...
Introduction Person-centered therapy belongs to the humanistic school of counseling as devised by an American psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1950s. The idea behind the development of the theory was the focus on the clients’ experiences of themselves instead of focusing on counselors’ expert knowledge of what is wrong with...
Predisposing Factors Predisposing factors put a person at risk of developing a disorder. For Daniel Tammet, being male is the first reason that might have contributed to his autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because boys are more likely to develop this condition than girls. Social factors such as poverty and lack...
Although psychology is often considered a social science, it uses scientific methods of reasoning and research. The study of neuropsychology and how different brain processes are involved in the formation of behavior require observations and evidence. Many educational psychology programs are based on “using scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena,...
As people become older, they have to make more efforts to preserve their cognitive skills and abilities. Men and women who are 65 and more years old use different methods to improve and constantly develop their mental health. Some of them train their brains with the help of games and...
During adolescence, several changes occur to the human brain. Firstly, the amount of gray matter in the brain’s prefrontal cortex reaches its maximum, after which it begins to decrease. Second, the sensitivity of areas in the limbic system becomes much higher than in adults. It is these two interactions that...
Introduction The concept of evolutionary psychology refers to the theoretical framework that seeks to explain meaningful mental and psychological behaviors. That may include memory, language, and perception as the determinants of the functional products of natural selection. Charles Darwin did the theory of natural selection in his book On the...
Illegal in quite a number of countries, pyramid schemes are a business model that relies primarily on the enrollment of new members with a promise of payment and other benefits and collecting bonuses and commissions for recruiting. Multi-level marketing is similar to pyramid schemes in many aspects; however, this model...
Introduction Human development, both from an individual perspective and in a social context, is a subject of study in different disciplines. Positive psychology is a science that views the human being from the standpoint of the aspects of well-being and conditions for positive development. The analysis of emotions and character...
This course had a significant impact on me since it was specially designed for students studying psychological and pedagogical specialties. It could be interesting for school and counseling psychologists, social workers, as well as teachers involved in counseling work with adolescents and youth. The course described in detail the process...
Introduction Childhood is undoubtedly the most significant period in human life, which is characterized by the comprehensive development and acquisition of fundamental skills and knowledge needed to live in society. Particularly, in this stage, individuals are inclined to experience various life events, especially dangerous and frightening ones, most intensively, which...
Firstly, the article provides a theoretical background on the research question. The authors provide a brief review of literature and studies on the topic of the influence of neighbors on the development of a child since 1990 (Minh et al. 160). Information is provided that the environment including the neighbors,...
The environment a child grows in plays a pivotal role in the development of their personality. It is not uncommon for people to experience the same problems in their adult life, which were apparent during their childhood. This tendency has received substantial attention from the researchers. Much literature has been...
One of the principal conditions for one’s success in life is motivation, and the division of this concept into extrinsic and intrinsic factors allows revealing their role and impact in the process. Similar attempts were made by Daniel H. Pink, who examined the latter notion from the perspectives of three...
Middle adulthood is the period of lifespan between young adulthood and old, typically classified as ages 45 to 60. While most individuals maintain childhood traits, middle adulthood is a period of significant psychological growth as personality develops with overcoming life challenges. Unlike previous ages, middle adulthood is not confined by...
Introduction Undoubtedly, origins, heredity, and the strengths invested in education influence a person’s ability to succeed in adulthood. At the same time, success in life is affected by a unique combination of intellectual capacity and emotional sensitivity, where one’s feelings and desires are not used destructively but to achieve long-term...
When I think of older people, the ideas of a different perspective on life, health issues, and the need for support come to my mind. Such connections are common for many people, and they result from different contexts, such as media, social stereotypes, and personal experience with one’s grandparents (Brierley,...
