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Self-leadership is the practice of influencing feelings and actions to achieve goals. Self-leadership means being in charge of your own life and taking responsibility for what happens. Further, this ability enhances self-efficacy, which improves decision-making skills, professional and personal productivity. Moreover, it has a positive effect on the self-perception and...
There are multiple issues that can lead to children’s unusual behavior. Parents sometimes fail to realize all the genetic and environmental factors that may stand behind their child’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nevertheless, the overall picture that takes into account multiple factors may point to a more severe health issue or mental...
The book Who Moved My Cheese by Spencer Johnson is a metaphorical story about changes and people’s readiness to experience them. Changes constantly happen because the world is flexible, and the story reminds the readers about that. The cheese is a metaphorical representation of what people have in life or...
The chapter by Blanchette and Richards (2010) in Cognition & Emotion reviews the numerous behavioral types of research that concern the impact of affective variables on higher-level cognitive processes. Namely, four processes are examined: “interpretation, judgment, decision making, and reasoning” (Blanchette & Richards, 2010, p. 561). They are represented as...
Generalizations surrounding psychological well-being across the lifespan give rise to diverse popular but scientifically questionable concepts. For instance, the well-known term “midlife crisis” has been coined to name a self-confidence crisis experienced when reaching middle age. Despite the popularity of this unofficial psychological diagnosis, the perception of midlife as the...
Chapter two touches upon the topic of resilience and oppression notions and their influence on people’s psychology. Chapter three focuses on discussing the preliminary phase of building contact with the client. Both chapters contain many theoretical approaches discussing their implementation in practice (Shulman, 2016). Social workers need to be aware...
Introduction Depression is the most common mental disorder among the elderly. One in seven people in old age suffers from depression. According to medical statistics, 13 percent of older adults have symptoms of melancholy. It is possible that depression is a widespread issue among the elderly, but clinical depression is...
One of the most popular children’s toys is taken for discussion: the Barbie. The doll can be both female and male, belong to various professions. The doll in question is a female character dressed in casual clothing. This model is the most classic one and the most popular. Barbie was...
The field of psychology has experienced considerable growth and development over the years. The evolution of this field is contributed by psychologists that illuminated various psychological concepts. Each psychologist researched various facets of psychologists and added their unique perspectives about different phenomena. However, some psychologists have imparted more influence on...
Emotions are complex perceptions that represent a plethora of information about one’s connection to personal and social environments and inner ideas about these interactions. An increasing number of studies have begun to record how various feelings, even when unrelated to the choice in question, may consistently influence people’s views, judgments,...
It would be reasonable to claim that core values are essential to any person in all spheres of life. I suggest that each individual comes to his or her fundamental principles of living through the continuous and enriching experience and understanding. From a personal perspective, my core values involve honesty,...
Summary The selected online article is titled “Children born during pandemic have lower IQs, US study finds,” where the author reveals findings of a study on children’s cognitive development and intelligence quotient (IQ). In short, the research focused on “672 children from the state of Rhode Island,” where “188 were...
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development refers to ways in which human intelligence undergoes growth and development. The foundation of the theory is in the inherent nature of knowledge and the ways in which it is obtained, constructed, utilized, and restructured. While the theory is focused on development within children, analysis...
Urie Bronfenbrenner has created a theory that affected a multitude of studies regarding childhood development and family relationships. His approach incorporates a broad focus that ushers researchers to take into account five different levels of systems, including meso-, micro-, macro, chrono-, and exosystems (Guy-Evans, 2020). They influence each other, resulting...
fMRI and Social Interaction Hyperscanning, which involves scanning the brains of two or more people at the same time, holds a lot of potential for understanding the neurological underpinnings of social cognitive functions. A study handled by Misaki et al. (2020) aims to examine the premise of using fMRI hyperscanning...
Introduction One of the most well-researched areas where the Pygmalion effect is manifested is education. It has been found that students achieve academic results consistent with their teachers’ expectations (Szumski and Karwowski 4). If a teacher has high expectations, the student performs much better compared to the one who receives...
Aging can cause both positive and negative emotions in people. Many are faced with harsh feelings that prevent them from leading a normal lifestyle. Psychology, especially positive psychology, can help cope with this problem. This work aims to study the difference between these sciences in order to better understand how...
Introduction Psychology presents an opportunity for everyone to understand their thought processes and emotions better. This knowledge provides a foundation for more accurate decisions in many aspects of one’s life. Many topics that were discussed in this course have a major significance for me. I chose to discuss learning, memory,...
The personality of an adolescent undergoes rapid sexual and intellectual development. Emotionality, socialization, and self-awareness develop dynamically – the teenager leaves childhood and prepares for adulthood. This process can proceed rather dramatically, accompanied by an increase in anxiety or, on the contrary, aggression. Teenage romances are just as emotional and...
Mental testing was invented in the 19th century partially as a reaction to the development of universal and compulsory primary education, which required the assessment of children’s cognitive abilities. Sir Francis Galton was an English scientist who was highly interested in measuring human intelligence. Galton invented the correlation coefficient and...
Countertransference refers to the counselor’s conscious or unconscious emotional reactions to the patient. Jones-Smith (2019) defines this phenomenon “as any of a therapist’s projections that influence the manner in which they view and respond to a client” (p. 34). Unlike transference, which can result in both positive and negative outcomes,...
Wilhelm Wundt’s main contribution to the field of psychology is its establishment as an independent academic discipline. Wundt’s own ideas and theories considering psychology were not groundbreaking, and they did not leave a significant mark on the history of psychology. However, the institutional and methodological impacts of his actions have...
Significance The outcomes of divorce on children are often discussed, yet few efforts are made to manage the situation. Specifically, the effects of fathers’ impact on children’s development being legally dismissed requires a more thorough assessment. The significance of the problem of fathers’ underrepresentation in law as parents is quite...
In today’s environment, peace of mind and stability have become critical components of life. The rise of psychology as a discipline has given us a decent look. The Concepts of psychology occur in two forms normalcy and abnormality. In simple terms, normalcy is desirable, while abnormality is undesirable. These two...
I believe there is a positive relationship between conscientiousness and narcissism. This is because an egocentric person will act with more self-interest; that is, other people’s interests and desires will be indifferent to such a person. Narcissists will work harder concentrating on their own goals to make themselves more successful....
Introduction ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts a lot of individuals and their daily lives. Over the years, the medical recognition and understanding of the disorder have improved, allowing more people to be diagnosed or receive treatment. People with ADHD often find themselves having trouble concentrating on a specific...
The hypothesis of the article The Relationship between Length of Time in the U.S. and Mental Health among Immigrants by Park, Nish & Baptiste is that the prolonged presence of immigrants in the United States for various reasons increases their stress levels. The population of the research is predominantly Asians...
Classical conditioning manifests itself in the response of an organism to external or internal stimuli. This reaction occurs due to the presence of special sensitive formations (receptors) and is controlled by the nervous system. The experiment was primarily held by the Russian scholar Ivan Pavlov to demonstrate that a response...
I believe that because educators play such an important role in the development of children, it is critical that they educate students on how to control their ideas, emotions, and actions. While self-control is a viable word for this important talent, a broader phrase, self-regulation, encompasses overlapping principles linked to,...
Summary The current case study incorporates the patient, Mrs. Smith, a woman in her early sixties who has recently lost her husband and finds herself alone for the first time in her life. She depended on her husband significantly, and after his death, Mrs. Smith has not only experienced significant...
It is significant to emphasize that age and reading and writing abilities are not the only determining factors in assessing a child’s suitability to attend school. Social and emotional elements also have a prominent function and are also considered in the evaluation. These include the capacity to obey instructions, the...
Chapter 5 dwells upon several essential areas of particular interest to me. The chapter sheds light on a possible answer to the power of nature or nurture (Myers & Twenge, 2019). I believe a combination of biological and cultural aspects affects people’s behaviors and choices, but genetics is a more...
Political division and bias influence how children develop their beliefs about leadership, social life, and democracy. As a teacher, I respond to many questions from my preschoolers on these important aspects. While I try to shape their beliefs and attitudes, the primary responsibility lies with the parent. By acting as...
It is no secret that fairy tales and cartoons are made to carry vital messages about life’s truths to children from an early age. The only problem that lies here is that they eventually become adult individuals and forget these essential and decisive things due to myriad life events and...
Collins, Lois M., and Andrew Webb. “Social Media and Family: Dividing or Uniting? (2010s-Present).” Opinions Throughout History: Social Media, Micah L. Issitt, Grey House Publishing, 2019. This source is a chapter in the book Opinions Throughout History: Social Media. Lois Collins is a journalist who mostly writes on medicine and...
Issue: Do scholastic athletes cope with stress in academic tasks and everyday life better than non-athletes? Position: Scholastic athletes tend to cope with stressful situations and counteract the manifestations of anxiety both in the academic environment and everyday life more successfully than non-athletes. Premise 1: In their sports training and...
Any professional activity requires working under pressure, which, if not appropriately managed, can lead to burnout in the long term. Professional emotional burnout can be characterized by three factors, including depersonalization, reduced feelings of accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion (Rupert & Dorociak, 2019). More than that, professional burnout is a problem...
The study conducted by Ridinger and McBride (2015) dwells on the importance of Theory of Mind (ToM), which is defined as one’s ability to predict behaviors and thoughts while being in a social setting and remaining subject for a monetary bonus. The researchers also connected ToM to the concept of...
The video directly relates to the material in my textbook on fundamental attribution theory since it illustrates the concept of the theory and how it applies in everyday life. In the social world, people perceive others’ actions based on cause and effect, and specific events are triggered by specific causes...
Sigmund Freud assumes that the human psyche comprises three distinct and yet interdependent parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. These components of personality have different rates of development and perform distinct roles. However, they work in unison to produce a whole and shape a person’s behavior. Ultimately, Freud...
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a long-lasting disease that distresses multitudes of teenagers and normally perseveres into later life. It is usual for children to struggle with concentrating and behavior at some point in their lives. Children with ADHD, on the other hand, do not just grow out...
Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon of social life that every person faces sooner or later. In 2016, a significant interpersonal conflict arose between two Hollywood actors, Vin Diesel and Dwayne Johnson, which continues nowadays. Interpersonal conflict is associated with a clash of opposing goals, motives, points of view, and interests...
Behaviorism Training, according to behaviorism, is defined as changes to the structure or regularity of noticeable results. Education has occurred whenever a correct response is illustrated and followed the demonstration of a particular external stimulus. The significance of the repercussions of such achievements is emphasized in behaviorism, which claims that...
When tidying up the toolbox, it is essential to involve your child in the cleaning so that they can interact with nuts and bolts. Nuts and bolts come in different colors, shapes, sizes, and functions hence, easily enticing the child into playing with them. Engaging kindergarten children in using toys...
Introduction It is important to note that prolonged stress can be detrimental to human health, body, and wellbeing, which can manifest itself in both physical and emotional responses. A study suggests that prolonged stress can lead to changes in the amygdala, memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviors (Ji et al., 2019)....
Introduction Memory is the recollection of past or stored information and using it in the present. Individuals vary in the capacity of containing information in the brain, while some may possess short- or long-term memorization abilities. Some people have long memories while others suffer from memory failure, which needs practical...
The case study under consideration concerns a 20-year-old man living at home with his parents. The man does not attend a college course but has a job that allows him to pay for his car. In addition, the man shows uncertainty as to what he wants to do, noting that...
Post Nature-Nurture debates in developmental psychology focus on the issue of what has a more significant impact on human behavior – genetics or the environment (incorporating experience and learning). The nature perspective assumes its characteristics and most patterns of behavior people inherit from their ancestors. The nurture followers, in turn,...
According to Piaget, the central core of the development of the psyche is the intellect. The child develops and forms an increasingly adequate scheme of the situation – and thus, actively interacting with the environment, adapts to it. During this process, the child gradually begins to understand some of the...
Erikson’s psychosocial theory is among the influential theories in the specified chapters. According to Berk, the theory reveals the essence of personality development despite the recently recognized pitfalls of the psychoanalytic approach to development (146, chapter 6). As Berk reports, the stage of basic trust/mistrust proposed by Erikson effectively captures...
Maria Montessori’s view of the child includes the concept of a well-adjusted and complex mind capable of acquiring new knowledge. In that way, the child in my play story would be perceived as a critical learner in a sufficiently stimulating environment (Group 2, 2021). Therefore, the child acquires new knowledge...
Anorexia Nervosa, commonly known as anorexia, is an eating disorder associated with the falsified perception of weight highly prevalent in teenage girls. People affected by anorexia fear gaining weight, resolving to restricted food intake. Anorexia is not an eating complication related to food but rather a psychological problem where the...
Introduction Preparing for a career in the field of psychology is no small feat. Students should be highly motivated to complete challenging courses and pursue further education to increase their competitive advantage. They are also recommended to consider the potential concerns they may encounter in their chosen field of work...
Ensuring Platoon Members’ Ongoing Connection to the Mission The process of ensuring the platoon members’ connection to the team’s overall mission would start from the analysis of the possible contributors to disengagement from the final goal. The analytical efforts would be based on different techniques, such as interviewing, personal conversations,...
After reading the article, I gained an in-depth knowledge of how culture shock can affect people. Intercultural communication can be challenging whenever one moves to an entirely new place where they experience a language barrier. The article has also helped me considerably understand how cultural shock can affect people emotionally...
Playing video games can affect a person’s mental health similarly to the way gambling does. The American Psychiatric Association suggested that Internet Gaming Disorder is related to Gambling Disorder, which some researchers support, and others contradict (Von der Heiden et al., 2019). Excessive video games can lead to fewer academic...
As the complexity of human relationships is immeasurable, social workers have the task of utilizing the ever-expanding knowledge base. This profession benefits significantly from the constant striving for self-improvement and requires a great deal of patience. For this diary, I read two chapters regarding anger and the basics of family...
The Family Spirit trial aimed to evaluate the influence of the paraprofessional Family Spirit intervention concerning lowered health and behavioral risks among Indigenous American teen mothers and their children. Indigenous American populations residing within regions of Alaska have been noted to face a disproportionate amount of health disparities such as...
Although each baby develops at their own rate, there are certain generalizations that parents may use to assess their child’s development. While parents should not be concerned if their child’s language development is not proceeding as expected, they should ensure that the youngster progresses (Ramírez et al., 2020). While each...
Background of the Project The project’s topic was selected due to raising concerns related to healthcare providers’ mental health, especially during the pandemic. Although new potential infections should be properly addressed with clinicians’ focus on patients’ physical well-being, the emotional well-being of nurses is extremely important for the provision of...
The educational process in classrooms varies greatly, yet there are universal patterns that might be observed. Children’s psychological and physiological growth is impacted dramatically by their environment, upbringing, and schooling. As a result, teachers tend to follow well-known techniques in order to create the most friendly and welcoming atmosphere. Educators...
In today’s economy, knowledge becomes the most valuable asset that enables comprehensive success. At the same time, knowing facts and principles is beneficial, but knowing oneself is crucial. In the 21st century, opportunities emerge for those who exhibit strong ambitions and desire to make a difference. However, the most prominent...
Overview of psychoanalytic and psychosocial theories of personality In the history of social sciences and humanities, various personality theories have been invented to explain the profound mechanism of the human psyche. Among them, several models are particularly prominent, including the psychoanalytic perspective. This theory focuses on the unconscious component of...
Jonathan Rauch’s article “Caring for your introvert” was published in the Atlantic in June 2018. The author talks about different types of human essence, namely introverts and extroverts, emphasizing their differences. It is mainly about how extroverts represent introverts and how many misunderstandings the behavior of quiet people causes for...
Farnell, Oliver. From Fear to Freedom. Independently Published. This book tells that fear and freedom are two opposite ends of the same path. At the same time, it is fear that is the beginning for an individual who lives in doubt, fear and attempts to control everything around. Throughout life,...
The origins of human personalities constitute a crucial challenge for many researchers around the world and present opportunities for scientific analysis. There are many theories concerning the topic of human personality which offer various explanations on how it is formed and shaped. The two most interesting groups of theories are...
My social competence as a young child was characterized as a high-status child who had successfully undergone Erik Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development. I developed the virtues of hope, will, purpose, and competency, attributed to my good relationship with my parents and caregivers at a young age. My parents encouraged...
Environmental stressors can have a devastating impact on the well-being of numerous individuals, originating the need for personal counseling. Nevertheless, in the lack of resources for individual sessions and diminished access to therapy for specific populations, a community counseling model is a preferable solution (Lewis et al., 2010). Recognizing the...
Three major takeaways I learned in module 9 about lifespan development include normotensive development, continuous and discontinuous development, and development of personality and behavior. I learned that not all normal events in developmental milestones are universal. Biological events such as puberty are universal, while social events such as schooling tend...
Divorce presents a challenging situation for the parties involved and the children. The divorce process is a tedious process involving filing the divorce petition, requesting temporary court orders, filing proof of services, negotiating a settlement, court trial, and final judgment. After finalizing the divorce process, parents who have sole legal...
The guidance procedures that are in place in my center are mainly focused on teachers’ responses to children’s challenging behaviors. For example, if a child engages in inappropriate behavior, including physical aggression, teachers are expected to respond respectfully and calmly and explain what behavior is acceptable and what is not....
In Search of Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film. According to the plot, a curious Nemo fish went to look for mysterious coral reefs one day. However, soon he was caught and placed in the aquarium of a Sydney dentist. Determined to find his missing son, his father...
A correlation study is used when it is necessary to assess the relationship between two or more variables. This kind of study provides information about the direction and strength of the relationship between the two data. Experimental research seeks to identify the relationship between cause and effect. This type of...
The cognitive dissonance theory was developed by Elliot Aronson to describe the circumstances when a person is faced with two conflicting attitudes that undermine their self-esteem. Cognitive dissonance can also occur when an individual decides by choosing between two conflicting positions (Aronson et al., 2019). For example, in Season 1...
In the contemporary context, a counselor encounters clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures. In this regard, it can be challenging to establish clear communication and build therapeutic relationships. Multicultural competence plays a pivotal role in understanding and addressing different individuals’ needs for a successful therapy process. In other words, the...
Online counseling refers to the process of providing mental health services on the internet as opposed to traditional face-to-face therapy sessions. Depending on the client’s needs and preferences, both pros and cons are associated with remote counseling. The advantages of e-counseling include convenience, accessibility, long-distance support, flexibility, therapeutic intimacy, and...
Adult caregivers are expected to play diverse roles in bringing up the developing child, which involves fulfilling children’s needs of growing complexity and going through a series of major adjustments. Consisting of the “affectionate care, attention, and protection,” the nurturing role requires parents to change approaches and the areas of...
The standard way of thinking about the topic of the family has it that it is a social group that plays an essential role in people’s lives. Several types of family structures exist in the world, each with its unique features that determine personal development at the early stages. It...
Identity development is a major part of adolescent life. Many individuals have issues related to their identity at this stage in life as they have to determine their religion, education, and overall demeanor about living at this point. While some individuals sail through the adolescent stage with relative ease, many...
Developmental research is a vital approach to understanding changes that occur in living organisms such as human beings as they progress through various stages of life. The most commonly used methods of developmental research are cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Researchers use the cross-sectional method when the main objective is to...
In recent years, premarital counseling is increasingly being discussed in relation to improving communication between spouses and preventing divorce. This is mainly due to the benefits that this type of counseling provides for married couples and their relationships in the future. Although I have never received premarital or marriage counseling...
Adolescence remains one of the most psychologically and physically challenging and turbulent times in the life of people. It is often described as the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, occurring between 13 and 19 years of age. However, the psychological and physical changes occurring during adolescence usually begin much...
The investigation of stressors and behaviors in African American families requires the direct participation of couples and attention to their opinions, knowledge, and experiences. An in-depth qualitative interview method will be used to examine the intentions of African American couples to create unions according to the patriarchal nuclear model and...
Rosenhan’s article “Being Sane in Insane Places” is dedicated to the issue of sanity, insanity, and the line between them, if it exists at all. The researcher showed that distinguishing a sane person from an insane one is not easy, and the perception of normality varies greatly in different conditions....
Aging is a natural process that correlates with certain physical, social, behavioral, and psychological changes. However, it can be challenging to differentiate between the normal processes linked to aging and pathological ones. Thus, certain behaviors that are not usually common in pathological aging may be interpreted as regular, leading to...
Adolescents represent a diverse and interesting group of people for observation and investigation. Moshman (2011) highlights that the one thing that unites persons within this group is their engagement in psychological development. The author explains what is meant by this term gradually, starting with identifying its components. Primarily, Moshman (2011)...
Introduction Creativity is a significant factor in today’s global world as it drives many social, psychological, and economic activities. Through creativity, people can communicate globally, realize their passions and identities create employment and solve medical issues. The rapid development of civilization and economic growth results from creative ideas and talents...
People get into different situations and behave accordingly depending on the social group. Psychologists raise questions about why people submit to the opinion and advice of the group. Milgram conducted an experiment in which he analyzed the effect of authority on cognitive functions (mainly behavior). The experiment was part of...
Problems, setbacks, disappointments, and mistakes are inevitable in life. Problems cannot be avoided, but how individuals respond after their occurrence shapes their lives. An experience is often created after encountering moments in life. Reflection forms part of learning aimed at achieving understanding of the event encountered. The following paper discusses...
Thank you for the interesting choice of topic. I find it hard to understand the constructionists’ approach to mental illness. First, there are instances where social events can trigger mental illness. For example, wars create a vicious cycle of trauma for soldiers and civilians who may later suffer from PTSD....
Introduction For the classical conditioning test, Option A is selected. The unconditioned stimulus is darkness or absence of light, and the unconditioned response is pupil dilation. The conditioned stimulus is the sound of a bell, and the conditioned response is pupil dilation as well. The idea behind the activity is...
Sibling relationships within families have received increased attention over the past few years, pointing to the potential protective role that these relationships can play. Despite this growth, very little is known about how parents perceive youth sibling relationships, especially in foster care, and how these relationships develop. Having sensitive, casual,...
Introduction Academic Background As a student of History and Systems in Psychology class, I significantly understand all the course requirements due to the good academic background that provided me with the extensive knowledge regarding psychology. While pursuing my high school diploma, I studied history as one of my optional subjects,...
Introduction By completing course assignments and studying additional literature, I learned quite a lot of information about myself and my personality. I realized that my body and consciousness limit is laid only based on my initial attitudes (Coon et al., 2022). Accordingly, when performing specific actions, I understand that their...
One of the primary ways in which beliefs can shape a person’s reality is through their influence on human behavior. That is, many people assume that beliefs determine actions; for me, the expression of views determines actions means that one’s choice to believe in something helps specify their following acts...
Mental health interventions mean allowing a person who requires support to obtain it in the way that is most appropriate for it. Mental health intervention is first to develop approaches that work for the population and then evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for people with different needs. Along with this...
Introduction Abraham Maslow is credited with research on the hierarchy of needs that contains five components: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. For human beings to attain their potential as outlined within Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, they must become interdisciplinary (Navy, 2020). Disciplines such as humanities, social sciences, natural sciences,...
Our minds merely cannot attend to two things at once. As a result of attention being a limited resource, selective attention helps us to filter irrelevant variables and concentrate on what matters. While watching the video by Simons (2010), the people dressed in white passed the basketball 15 times. However,...
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a diagnostic that is studies find more prevalent in war veterans than the rest of the general population. In their research on PTSD, Coleman et al. (2019) examine differences in symptoms in African American and Caucasian male veterans. The hypothesis of the paper was that...
To provide Michael with the necessary assistance, he must be transported to the department of organizations that can treat him. For this to happen, the process of referral must begin. First of all, it is necessary to make diagnoses for Michael, which are the basis for the provision of assistance...
Emotional intelligence is the reverse side of rational intelligence, the ability of a person to manage their emotions, understand the feelings and intentions of others, and effectively solve any tasks. This part of human consciousness allows for not only being bright but also prosperous and, last but not least, happy....
Adolescents are often aware that they are simply a portion of the family’s problem. While many kids indicate an interest in being involved in treatment choices, few are given a chance to do so in a systematic fashion (Baird & Mollen, 2018). Kody’s household consisted of an alcoholic mother and...
Psychological well-being can become a crucial issue for various populations in the contemporary age. With the constant threat of stress and trauma present in people’s everyday lives, it is highly significant to define and explore the emergence and development of conditions related to mental health. As such, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder...
I found the article by Maeroff Dalia to be very informative, thus I support some of his statements and beg to differ with some that I feel do not make sense. In the article, I notice that the author creates a clear difference and further warns readers why using the...
Our brains are wired to learn about others quickly, and our perception skills improve from time to time. We prefer faces and emotional expressions over other visual patterns. So we use attention and high reasoning to synthesize information about others. Individuals quickly learn to distinguish between people and their feelings...
The phenomenon of structuralism had a rather brief time of dominating the realm of psychology, yet its influence has sent quite several ripples across the psychological practice. Although the framework is no longer applied, and the movement has effectively ceased to exist, it still produced a range of ideas crucial...
Introduction Despite the obtained level of knowledge and awareness of skill assessment techniques, many students continue experiencing test anxiety and question the worth of this approach in education. Teachers may offer different tests to check academic performance, including classroom tests, quizzes, standardized tests, and written assignments. Standardized testing is a...
The writer’s argument that the teenagers in the Girl and A & P experience varying forms of coming to age are valid. In the first instance, the girl’s mother requires her to follow a specific guideline that she deems appropriate for women. The writer does not agree with this statement,...
The first video illustrates the functionalities and importance of programs that aim to discern signs of developmental issues and disabilities among young children. This is vital to parents, guardians, and educators, as their ability to observe signs of developmental issues can improve a child’s growth in the future. Disabilities can...
The most apparent differences between the unconscious and conscious states are manifested in the states of sleep and wakefulness. In addition, EEGs have been shown that some patients with memory loss suffering from neurological lesions cannot consciously recall past events and even such simple information as their names. But they...
Introduction Over the decades, our comprehension of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has advanced by leaps and bounds. The actual ramifications of this diagnosis initially termed “shell shock,” have become considerably obvious in the years after the Vietnam War. Researchers are still concerned about the effects of lingering stress on Americans...
Introduction Social identity is an essential element of any complex modern society, characterizing, shaping, and reflecting the processes taking place in it. Social identity as a concept is not new for the social sciences but nevertheless requires a clear definition before any discussion. As a rule, social identity is considered...
Introduction People who tend to dwell on the negative in their lives are often the victims of unfortunate events. There are several fascinating topics to explore in positive psychology, including happiness, attentiveness, flow, and fortitude (Zetsche et al., 2018). Among positive psychology’s well-known topics is the concept of positive thinking....
Learning through play is a very important component of a child’s growth. Educational toys tend to help develop problem-solving skills, understand the causes and impacts, and resolve conflicts. Learning through play also helps children determine the importance of sharing. It also promotes creativity and imagination. Children are taught to share...
Professional Resources An authoritative resource in psychology is the peer-reviewed journal Applied Psychology: Health and Wellbeing (IAAP). This journal is a credible source of information for scholars and professionals in the discipline of psychology because it is managed by the International Association of Applied Psychology (“Applied Psychology Health and Well...
Weapon focus remains a popular disruptive mechanism used by criminals to interfere with the eyewitness’s ability to identify them when they perpetrate crime. Goldstein (2015) notes that weapon focus depends on the person holding it. A gun in the hands of a police officer will have minimal interference on eyewitness...
Introduction Human beings are social creatures that follow codes of ethics in every aspect of their interaction. People interact through different platforms such as church and girls scout groups. The degree of obedience ensures a peaceful correlation amongst the individuals during the interaction. Presentation will emphasize the effectiveness of groups...
The study of early childhood as a stage of human development is of particular value. This is due to the fact that some of the most significant changes occur at this age. Their understanding helps to determine how to work appropriately with children at this stage of life. The period...
Adolescence is a time of increasing freedom and discovery, but it is also a time when teenagers undergo cognitive and emotional maturity. During adolescence, the brain changes, causing a variety of stereotyped behaviors associated with adolescence. Advances in research suggest that dangerous behaviors and poor adolescent decision-making may be due...
Book Summary The book was written by a former sex addict who experienced severe challenges of one of the most basic and instinctive types of addiction. Mark Laaser cannot objectively explain the whole process of becoming a sex addict. He emphasizes that sexual addiction is a gradual process without specific...
Interviews play an essential role in counseling as they help explore problems from various perspectives and identify treatment goals. Through a structured conversation, a counselor gathers information for a more holistic view of the situation, which contributes to building therapeutic rapport (Romanoff, 2021). Therapists can use various interviewing techniques, such...
Modern people are subject to an environment where they tend to encounter a considerable level of pressure and challenges affecting their mental well-being. As a result, of being impacted by such factors, people often experience stress which in turn is capable of causing many other diseases. Elderly people are particularly...
Introduction Personality refers to the distinctive emotions and behaviors, emotions, and actions that distinguish one individual from another. Character is said to emerge from within an individual and stay fairly consistent throughout life. Personality interpretations can concentrate on a wide range of variables, from clinical syndromes for personality characteristics to...
Introduction In the process of perception, with the help of external orientation actions, the child correlates and compares the external properties of objects, highlighting permanent ones. These belongings become sensory samples by the end of 3 years of life. The cognitive process is the transition from using ready-made connections suggested...
Introduction Since pre-colonial times, stories have been a part of social and cultural development. They were used by the elders to teach children useful moral behavior. Today, children are exposed to storybooks that contain either reality tales or anthropomorphized characters. This research is important because it compares the impact of...
Introduction The subject of nature against nurture has always been a topic of heated debates and arguments. However, it is important to note that human behavior is a complex idea, which should not be studied as a whole, but rather on the basis of various aspects. Education and criminology are...
The case study is on a four-year-old Chinese child; essentially, the child acted more like a 2-year-old. After spending a few months with his grandparents in the family’s homeland, the child had just returned to his parents. Thus, the parents needed collaboration from the teacher to aid them in developing...
The relation of appraisal tendencies to decision-making has been recognized by many scientists, thus, yielding the need for thorough research. In other words, emotions and an individual’s feelings are able to change one’s judgment, perception, and especially behavior. Overall, a clear understanding of emotional appraisals is crucial to research their...
Annotated Bibliography Becerra-Culqui, T. A., Lynch, F. L., Owen-Smith, A. A., Spitzer, J., & Croen, L. A. (2018). Parental first concerns and timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3367-3376. Web. In the article, Becerra-Culqui et al. (2018) agree that the degree of mental...
Usually, people keep a six-foot distance to demonstrate social and psychological distance. They thus show courtesy and respect for the interlocutor without neglecting them. At the same time, such a distance allows you to feel confident in front of the interlocutor. When people hold it, it is usually possible to...
A 30-year-old woman named Teresa came to see a psychotherapist. During a conversation with a doctor, Teresa showed symptoms of major depressive disorder. Teresa explained that she started sleeping poorly at night, eating more than usual, and crying for no reason. She said she had great difficulty resting, and if...
Personality disorder diagnosis does not take into account the social context. Although this does not mean personality disorders do not consider them totally, it is not enough. The diagnosis fails to recognize that people are different, and various social factors can affect an individual’s ability to cope with certain stress...
Individuals, as well as organizations, go through a psychological process known as transition. The key to successful change management is not the outcome but rather how individuals let go of the past and embrace the new circumstance. It is critical to guide people through this transition to ensure that everyone...
Jean Piaget was a twentieth-century psychologist who is most famous for formulating a four-stage theory of childhood cognitive development that is still widely accepted today. Each stage is age-specific and marked by major hallmarks that indicate the development of specific thought-processing abilities. The first stage is sensorimotor, lasting from birth...
The psychology of information processing, that is, the reasoning behind how the individual interacts with the environment, is mediated by two cognitive processes: sensation and perception. Perception should be understood as the process of holistic reflection of an object and its recording in the individual’s consciousness, initiated by a physical...
Introduction An impactful dream I had recently was an episode of sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis prevents the sleeper from moving during REM sleep but can happen when waking up (Coon et al., 2022). It also co-occurs with hypnopompic hallucinations that can be pretty confusing and frightening and suffocating (Suni &...
The beginning stage of group therapy aims to establish processes, norms, and expectations. During it, members are introduced, the group’s purposes are articulated, and working conditions are explained – thus, the group work begins. This stage is characterized by beginners’ anxiety as they are exposed to a new environment. Competent...
People have different motivations when it comes to acquiring new knowledge. Even students have a wide range of incentives for taking a certain program and working hard on their studies. Therefore, it is of major importance to analyze both intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation to develop the best strategy...
This paper addresses the question of the origin of psychopathy as a personality anomaly with a social nature. There are several views on the origin of psychopathy in humans. The point of view expressed in this paper considers psychopathy as a social phenomenon rooted in childhood and social relationships. The...
One of the oldest debates in Psychology is that of nature versus nurture, the significance of our genes as opposed to our environment in our development into the people that we are. I believe that although our genetics play a noteworthy role in our growth, determining some of our traits,...
Introduction Achieving high academic outcomes, as a rule, is the result of a series of efforts made to accomplish this goal. Diligence, innate talents, the ability to allocate time correctly, and sometimes financial capabilities determine educational success. However, in reviewing my own achievements, I can note that personality traits are...
Introduction A personality disorder is a personality type or behavioral tendency characterized by significant discomfort and deviations from norms. It involves personal and social disintegration, which causes the individual to experience difficulties in many areas of life. Personality disorders are typified into three clusters, varying in emotional expression and perception...
Group counseling solves particular problems for which the individual format is insufficient. The group is an artificially created society in miniature, imitating real-life conditions with its relationships, emotions, conflict situations, and priorities. It primarily concerns difficulties in interpersonal communication at various social levels: in the family, at work, at study,...
Researchers sometimes deceive participants in psychological research and experiments on methodological grounds. There are two main objections to methodological deception, related to the risk of causing psychological harm to research participants and violating their autonomy. In my opinion, methods of deception can be used in psychological research without causing significant...
Advantage of Mind-Body Therapy Over Other Types of Therapies When it comes to the methods of treating ADHD in children, mind-body therapies have proved to provide a multitude of potential benefits. I believe that these needed to be explored more thoroughly and brought to the patients’ attention since that might...
Mental health is one of the most complex issues in medicine as the correct diagnosis is always difficult to identify. In particular, it relates to such conditions as depression and bipolar disorder, which present a problem for doctors to distinguish between them and find the right way of treatment for...
The mental health of the population is becoming a topical concern for numerous countries around the world, and, as a result, the need for effective and holistic treatments arises. The field of psychology has a considerable variety of approaches, and one of the most notable ones is humanistic therapy, which...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents significant challenges in management because of the varied cases among patients and differences among strategies that help relieve the disorder’s symptoms. As suggested by Shrestha, Lautenschleger, and Soares (2020), while there is a pharmacological approach toward the disorder’s management, non-pharmacological interventions aimed at children have also...
Introduction Personality encompasses emotions, dispositions, and beliefs and thus is most visibly manifested in interpersonal interactions. It entails both natural and developed behavioral features that differentiate a person from another and can be noticed in how individuals interact with their surroundings and social circle. I suppose that personality of an...
The video of a guided pain management meditation selected for this assignment is titled “Chronic pain meditation | Natural pain relief | Relaxation for pain” and was uploaded by Generation Calm on January 22, 2021. The following link leads to this meditation practice video: *. I completed the 28-minute session...
“The Minnesota Twin Family Study” was performed by Thomas J. Bouchard, Matthew McGue, David T. Lykken, Auke Tellegen, and Nancy L. Segal, while the Lewis Terman performed the “Genetic Study of Genius.” In the first study, Bouchard et al. hoped to determine whether monozygotic twins reared apart had the same...
Introduction Everyone has heard the saying, “We are what we eat” or “We are products of our environment.” Those sayings suggest that if we think about what we eat and control our environment, or at least our perception, we can steer our destiny. Our parents love us unconditionally and instill...
Emotions and temperament are first observed during infancy and have various manifestations beginning with facial expressions and sounds to the willingness to engage in an activity or avoid it. Thus, the development of emotions and temperament is a gradual process and depends on the level of development of children themselves....
What Can Affect a Child’s Development? Human development lasts throughout a person’s life. Socialization is continuous and long-lasting, so there are many factors that influence a person. Influences are felt already in early childhood, in the narrow family circle, and then among other children in kindergartens and schools. Children’s psyches...
The video named “Your body language may shape who you are” was selected for this particular assignment. In this video clip, a famous TED Talk presenter and speaker Amy Cuddy reveals her best practices in the field of social sciences and psychology. According to Amy Cuddy’s body language studies, shifting...
Psychology is essential in the everyday life of people since it can explain why they act a certain way in specific situations and why they experience particular feelings. As a result of many traumas, various experiences, and relationship problems, many people seek professional psychological help. However, while psychologists navigate people...
Adolescents tend to have more risky behavior than adults, which is why they are usually considered ungovernable or even dangerous. There are many examples of such behavior, which often leads to conflicts and negatively influences children’s well-being. In my opinion, while children are prone to risk, it is not their...
An individual cannot physically control their behavior for 24 hours. Half of the reactions and actions have their own triggers and are performed automatically. In general, people tend to use specific patterns of behavior as they interact with the outside world. Instead of utilizing new ways to respond to a...
Introduction Interpersonal conflicts can arise in any interaction between two or more people. Depending on the type of relationship in interpersonal interactions, circumstances may arise that can be called conflict situations. Solutions to interpersonal conflict, therefore, will depend on the type of setting and the nature of the misunderstanding that...
ADHD Case Scenario Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition that includes not paying attention and distractibility accompanied by hypersensitivity. Patients with ADHD demonstrate a wide variety of symptoms, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is diagnosed according to the DSM-5 diagnostic standards, which is a complex...
One of the modalities that helps people overcome difficulties and facilitate a better healing process is adventure therapy. Adventure therapy is a type of challenging activity that helps one enhance self-efficacy and build on their growth mindset skills. In the video “Adventure in Self-Efficacy: Increasing and Generalizing Efficacy in Outdoor...
TED Talk #1: Your Genes Are Not Your Fate In his TED talk, Dean Ornish suggests that human genes can be rewritten through behavior. According to Ornish (2008), healthy habits can positively affect one’s genetic code, with healthy eating, exercise, and positive thinking resulting in better oxygen and blood flow...
Introduction Over the past years, the notion of trauma has become central to therapy and national well-being, as the publicity and awareness campaigns for mental health currently draw attention to the mental state of the population. For example, speaking of young adults only, Lewis (2019) estimated that nearly every third...
The concept of archetype nowadays is widely known and used, as a rule, to refer to a quality or symbol, which is greater than any of us, but at the same time, is a part of each personality. One of the main characteristics of archetypes is the fact that archetypes...
This work will review the many stages of the intellectual and social development of people. Humans do not reach full mental maturity until their adolescent years or young adult years, in the case of men. While this can be partly obvious, many people keep expecting children to act and think...
The nature and nurture theories debate relate to two different perceptions or approaches to child development. The primary point of nature theory suggests that child development is sourced from the child’s nature or genetics data (Quinn and D’Onofrio 1). On the other hand, the nurture approach perceives child development as...
The concepts of deviance and crime are frequently used interchangeably, yet they are fundamentally different. Deviation refers to a rule violation, especially if it violates socially or culturally accepted standards. Deviance, which is nothing more than a public mistake, is often associated with deviations. Crime is an act that must...
The stigma surrounding mental health and illness affects people struggling with mental conditions. According to Mannarini and Rossi (2019), “many persons suffering from common mental disorders may not receive appropriate (therapeutic) social support due to the community’s lack of awareness” (p. 1). In turn, a historical understanding of how individuals...
What are some differences and similarities between deviance and crime? The major difference between deviance and crime concerns the fact that the latter is official deviance. Thus, those who commit crimes will inevitably face formal sanctions such as imprisonment or arrest (Goode, 2016). At the same time, deviance may either...
Introduction The critical evaluation aims to discuss the aspects of methodology illustrated in two selected articles by establishing the relationship between the articles and the relevant material from the course. To be able to achieve this purpose, the evaluation shows the writer’s comprehension of the different research methodologies taught in...
People use a variety of different communication techniques to share information. However, the type of informational exchange determines how well the source externalizes the data or ideas and how effectively the recipient understands it. Visual communication, as highlighted by relevant research, is a valuable tool that applies to various disciplines....
Many theories describe a person’s character, their traits and aim to predict some of the critical life events based on these factors. Catell’s Big Five Personality Traits are “neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness” (Lim, 2020, para. 3). Each of these characteristics is a continuum, which means then any person...
“Only dead fish swim with the stream” – this proverb, familiar to millions of English-speaking natives is metaphorically saying that only a lazy person waits for success without making any effort. The proverb also implicitly warns that a passive stance can lead to symbolic death or failure. There are many...
The importance and significance of making particular decisions and changing behavior to protect against diseases, viruses and bacteria within the framework of COVID-19 are the following aspects. Thus, the elements mentioned above directly affect the change of different situations, thereby forming an active life position and a positive attitude. Independence...
The most effective way to help Josiah make informed decisions about his sexual behavior is to use motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. In particular, I believe it would be appropriate to use querying about the extremes by asking Josiah what changes will happen if he continues his risky sexual behavior. Such...
First, family legitimizes marriage and provides a regulatory framework for both romantic and sexual attraction. Within this framework, children can be reproduced and socialized to then integrate into society. The family institution also manages the ownership of property and inheritance, where family members are entitled to the possessions of their...
I think that the disagreements between the conflict theory and structural functionalism in regards to the decline of the family unit are understandable. Firstly, it stems from the different ways in which these two approaches view the discussion. Structural functionalism seeks to imbue the family with meaning within society, an...
Introduction Depression is a widespread psychological severe disorder, leading to many adverse outcomes. Its pathogenesis is still the subject of controversy among researchers. This paper examines the possibilities of depression and anxiety in one family through the study of literature and applying one of the family theories – Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological...
Motivation is a powerful concept that is often discussed within the context of behavioral psychology. In its general understanding, the motive is a driving force that pushes an individual toward a decision or an action. In most cases, this effect appears through the perceived alignment of the expected outcome and...
Parenting is a rewarding and yet challenging experience but there are plenty of resources and research available today to help parents deal with most if not all situations. Diana Baumrind, an American clinical psychologist, is famous for her research on parenting styles and the use of psychology in raising children....
In his message, which was voiced by King, he condemned slavery, saying that all people should be equal in rights. In addition, the speaker told about the grief and humiliation that blacks are forced to endure. Separately, he stressed that aggression is not the best way to resolve the conflict...
Attachment is a significant component that influences a child’s future abilities. From a psychological standpoint, it is thought that the child’s attachment style has a substantial impact on his or her development (Thompson, 2019). Attachment is a psychological tie that forms between parents and their children throughout their early years...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the behavioral disorders influencing individuals and their activity. It is one of the most common neurodevelopmental issues in childhood, implying troubles with paying attention, controlling, and spontaneous behaviors. However, ADHD can also be observed in adults causing difficulty at work, at home,...
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the deterioration of people’s mental health. Students are considered vulnerable, and their psychological well-being is an acute issue. Due to the pandemic, authorities have implemented various preventive measures, such as lockdowns and distancing. Social isolation, which is the main principle of disease spread prevention,...
As presented in the case study, Jonathan often engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom, including interrupting the teacher, walking around the room, and throwing objects. These symptoms are signs that he has a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). This disorder includes manifestations of destructive, aggressive, oppositional, and antisocial behavior. DBD...
Introduction Family structure is essential, as all situation in the family’s life is conditioned by it. The number of single-parent families in the United States has grown in recent decades and increased more than twice since the 1960s (Behere, Basnet, & Campbell, 2017). The interviewed one, the Collins family, is...
Abstract Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the issue of terrorism has been becoming increasingly severe. Nowadays, due to the development of mass media and the Internet, terrorist and extremist acts are growing even quicker than before. Often terrorist acts are used as means of forcing political agenda, governmental changes,...
Understanding the grief and dying process is essential in providing the necessary support for overcoming the death of a loved one. According to Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, the five stages that both terminally ill patients and relatives of the deceased follow sequentially constitute denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (Bregman, 2019)....
Introduction Personality is identified as a combination of behaviors, perceptions, and mental patterns that develop through time due to environmental and biological influences. The field of humanistic psychology, often known as personality psychology, aims to understand the principles that underpin behavioral distinctions. One of the factors considered possible to influence...
Introduction Contemporary youth is disproportionately exposed to appearance models distributed through the images persisting in social media and advertisements. The standards of looks and beauty transmitted through these communication channels are particularly influential for teenagers and youths who are psychologically vulnerable to external factors. Their self-images are formed under the...
The Thesis Few people have noticed that the everyday use and meanings of the word “identity” are essentially new. The last (and most famous) thinker to pay attention to this was Kwame Anthony Appiah. He spoke about this in lectures given as part of the prestigious John Reith Radio series...
Introduction According to medics and various researchers, anxiety leads to fear and worries about what is about to occur, occurrences such as a child’s first day to school, going for a job interview, and giving a speech before people may make other people nervous and fearful (Legg & Holland, 2020)....
Introduction It is common for people to become anxious, but this grows into an anxiety disorder beyond certain limits. Anxiety disorder, which is a form of mental illness, is prevalent across the United States as people struggle with different stresses in life. The spread of the condition requires various interventions...
Soto, G. (2003). The Afterlife (Kindle edn.). Clarion Books. The concept of death as the complete cessation of existence and the ultimate loss of self has always been viewed as one of the most feared yet undeniably the most curious phenomena. Pondering the nature of death, the ways in which...
Sigmund Freud was one of the first among those who tried to interpret dreams as an aspect of the human psyche reflecting a person’s secret thoughts, fears, and desires. The psychologist has presented the idea that the sleeping mind hides the specific symbolic meaning in dreams: it disguises dreams because...
Since their childhood, the majority of people have faced the appraisal of their abilities and talents. It goes without saying that this kind of support is essential, however, at the same time, it may limit individuals’ ability to fulfil their potential and lead to the acceptance of mediocracy (“The Growth...
The latest video games and systems frequently top gift ideas and dominated the conversation at school and at the family dinner. Nevertheless, parents may be concerned if their child’s conduct is influenced by video games, particularly those that show violence or conflict. It is difficult to draw a clear line...
Introduction Gambling addiction among older adults is a major issue, which is becoming more prevalent in the given age category. Although the problem as a whole is being researched, the specificities of gambling addiction among the elderly are not well-understood. There is a wide range of options when it comes...
A professional problem solver is a person who can correctly identify a problem and solve it in one of several ways: either systematically or intuitively. The problem is an obstacle to achieving a predetermined goal. The problem solver differs from the ordinary persons by making decisions that remove this obstacle...
It goes without saying that help for a community requires a multifaceted approach that includes the investigation of all cultural, environmental, and personal aspects. Thus, for the development of efficient strategies for the improvement of people’s mental health in the United States, it is essential to evaluate the whole situation...
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is characterized by atypical mood swings, energy levels, and the ability to function. Bipolar I disorder is a condition in which the patient experiences constant mania, i.e., overexcitation, enthusiastic inappropriate behavior, manic psychosis, and severe depression. The disease is treatable, and people with...
Aydin, U. (2019). Test anxiety: Gender differences in elementary school students. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 21-30. Web. Test anxiety affecting academic performance is a common phenomenon among schoolchildren, especially those whose parents have high requirements for children’s academic achievements. Aydin’s (2019) study focuses on gender differences in test...
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs introduces five levels of the individual’s needs, all of which are essential to the proper development and growth. The system implies that the lowest levels include fundamental needs, such as physiological requirements (e.g., food and shelter) and safety conditions (Cherry par. 6). On the other hand,...
Developmental Aspects of Learning The process of acquiring and stimulating the repetition of the information is explicitly dependent on one’s ability to memorize certain phenomena and items. One’s memory works on the basis of neural connections in the human brain. Essentially, one’s ability to remember certain things relates to the...
Psychoanalysis, the beginning of which was laid by Freud, undergoes constant controversy and discussion. Nevertheless, although his ideas endure some modifications, they have a relatively strong influence on psychology. Wanting to understand the causes of mental and psychological conditions and neurosis interfering with a person, he assumed that previous traumas...
Breach of Confidentiality Definition and Explanation A breach of confidentiality is a major ethical issue in counseling with critical implications for all parties involved. Confidentiality is a concept often associated with the privacy of client data, which means that a counselor has both a legal and ethical obligation to keep...
Introduction Counselling practice is characterized by many ethical dilemmas where conflicting professional standards and moral prejudices hinder practitioners’ decision-making. The Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) and the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) code of ethics assist therapists in safeguarding the welfare of their clients and protect the counsellor from...
The video suggested for the analysis is devoted to the historical development of psychology. The starting point of this science is believed to be the Pavlov experiment which explored conditional reflexes (Biophily2, 2016). Further, through the investigation of the stimulus, the researchers managed to develop the psychological approach called behaviorism,...
The question of factors that determine people’s behavior, character, and abilities baffled various thinkers and researchers for a long time. As a result, the Nature vs. Nurture debate has formed – the question of what has a more significant impact on people. In this debate, nature represents biological/genetic factors and...
Humanistic psychology, which appeared in the mid-20th century in the United States, is distinguished by a holistic approach to the person. This direction considers people as strong-willed and striving for self-actualization. The emergence of humanistic psychology was a response to the shortcomings of two other prevailing approaches – behaviorism and...
Introduction Psychopathy is among humanity’s most intriguing disorders that Dr. Robert Hare, a renowned prison psychologist, sought to understand. After years of experience with criminals, Dr. Hare identified psychopaths as breeds of astute, ferocious predators who lack guilt, compassion, or impulse control (Egan, 2016). These individuals would eagerly break social...
As a matter of fact, it is not a choice that always determines human behavior. It is frequently unintentional and automatic, rooted in individuals’ strong belief that other people expect them to believe a particular way in accordance with existing social norms, culture, and traditions. However, regardless of the fact...
In psychological science, based on the doctrine of the activity nature of the human psyche, thinking and intellect occupy an essential place. Recently, thinking has begun to be understood as a particular type of cognitive activity. By introducing the category of activity into the psychology of thinking, the opposition between...
Introduction Speech delay is the inability to produce sounds or say words in toddlers and babies. Children develop at their own pace, so speech delay may not mean there is an underlying problem (“What developmental milestones,” 2021). Usually, the 32 months-old child with a speech delay has a verbal communication...
The modern field of mental healthcare is young relative to other areas of medicine. In the past, the role of the psychotherapist was replaced by healers, priests, and priests, but the healing of the soul was never put on par with the problems of the body. Modernity, in turn, amazes...
People use to think of themselves as rational and logical, but scientists have proven that sometimes they are too optimistic. If one is asked how their life will be affected by divorce, illness, injury, or job loss, they are likely to underestimate the probable impact of such an event on...
The following chapter provides an analysis of the collective behavior that deviates from society’s normative conduct. Firstly, it discusses the difference between collective action and social movement. In this regard, it is argued that the two concepts are different in three main aspects, which include the level of organization, time,...
Parents are children’s first teachers because they are primarily responsible for developing children’s basic literacy and language skills. Children may acquire language in different ways; however, it is crucial to pay enough attention to form a proper understanding of the grammar and language used in a child. Parents may contribute...
Childhood is neither timeless nor universal: it is not determined only by age or biological and psychological factors. Rather childhood is understood by reference to particular cultural and social contexts and periods in history. Childhood in Mexico is not the same as childhood in Madras or Madrid: childhood at the...
Introduction The Gloria movies have outlined three approaches: psychotherapists who worked with the same client to handle the same case. It had to be performed in different sessions to discuss the problematic situation that Gloria faced. The theorists included; Carl Rogers, whose point of discussion formed the basis of the...
Initially, Dolly Chugh’s book The Person You Mean to Be: How Good People Fight Bias makes it feel like another book about motivation, self-improvement, and some talk of equality. However, after reading it, there is a clear feeling that Dolly Chugh could do excellent psychological research and transfer human prejudices...
After listening to the speech, it is certain that the human tribe is SELF-CENTRED and, based on when was said, is not aware of it. Apparently, the human brain is able to look at the world through the perspective of the individual that it controls. Thus, everything is SUBJECTIVE, from...
Treatment of psychological disorders requires the application of additional methods that might help with the physical state of people and their mental well-being. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the strategies used in current practice that focuses on the role of humans’ habits and obsessions and allows them to solve the...
Introduction All psychotherapy approaches work to address the underlying thought patterns that result in psychological distress. The different treatment methods that are mostly used include behavioral therapy, rational emotive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and reality therapy. Every condition and situation calls for application of a specific type of strategy...
The article by Keith Frankish dwells on the phenomenon of human consciousness and provides arguments for the theory, which views consciousness as an illusion. The idea behind this theory relies on the way our brains process information from the outside world to create a representation of the reality within which...
The phenomenon of child maltreatment in the home setting is thoroughly examined by researchers who intend to present a link between the unhealthy environment in families and the future well-being of individuals. They claim that the adverse outcomes of improper attitudes towards the offspring are generally connected to their low...
Introduction Different individuals respond to emotional stimuli in different ways even when they are exposed to the same environment. The concept of personality means the individual differences in the patterns of behaving, feeling, and thinking, and it attempts to explain how people respond differently to emotional stimuli. Studies have shown...
Introduction There are many factors and aspects that directly or indirectly affect a person’s external and internal “elements.” These can be loved ones, relatives and friends, culture and traditions, education and upbringing, as well as various physical and biological signs. Undoubtedly, each individual has their own sources that contribute to...
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to have compassion, sympathy, and emotional participation for members who are involved in an organization. Company executives or leaders who apply this ability are more resilient to risk management crises, as they are more competent and flexible in decision-making processes. This practical aptitude can...
Introduction Of all the types of psychotherapies, group psychotherapy has evolved over the years. This particular type of therapy is ideal for situations that for addressing problems that are associated with mental wellbeing. Group psychotherapy involves either one or more therapists who lead several patients with psychic issues. Generally, members...
Group counselling is a special area within the therapy practices, where activities and guidelines often substantially differ from those of an individual counselling. The activities undertaken heavily depend on social characteristics of the group proposed for the therapy course, such as their age, gender, race, social class and other factors...
Modern children live in an extremely digitalized environment characterized by information availability and specific ways to spend free time. Today, most young people prefer to spend time in front of the computer, either doing their homework or socializing by using social networks. Another contemporary societal trend is the high popularity...
This article presents the results of studying the long-term effects of childhood traumas and reveals a connection between types of traumas and subsequent emerging mental disorders. The authors divided the traumas and correlated studied groups into three classes: low trauma, multi-type victimization, and situational trauma. At the same time, they...
Introduction In this section, I will describe my personal approach to counseling and detail the specifics of it. My approach to viewing the nature of human beings has changed since I began to learn more about psychology and philosophy since previously, I believed that humans are innately bad and one’s...
Introduction Adult life can be seen as challenging due to the need to make decisions and take up responsibilities. Many people find it difficult to address the issues they encounter, which results in various psychological concerns. This paper includes a brief analysis of the case of Sherry, who is a...
Considering Matt’s case, the most appropriate therapy is solution-focused brief therapy. This approach is applicable to both emotional and mental issues. Following Northcott et al. (2019), solution-focused brief therapy guides an individual to construct meaningful, attainable adjustements by aiming at an individual’s skills and resources rather than their shortfalls. Matt...
The article of interest is “Video Gaming and Children’s Psychosocial Well-being: A Longitudinal Study” by Lobel, Adam, et al. With over 2 billion players globally, video games are tremendously popular leisure. Nonetheless, both the media and experts are worried about the results of extreme video gaming. In this article, the...
Personality Assessment Inventory (PIA) by Dr. Leslie Morey is a diagnostic tool designed to help psychologists ascertain abnormalities in mental development of test subjects. It is based on the respondents’ individual responses with no pre-determined goal of accessing their unconscious process, which characterizes PIA as an objective measure (Akbari-Zardkhaneh &...
Introduction In the presented scenario the main recipient of physical trauma as a result of abuse is Kolomalu. Short-term impacts of physical abuse include bruises, cuts, sprains, fractures, torn clothes, and damaged items (Boissonnault & Vanwye, 2020). The long-term impact of trauma, however, involves chronic damage and body dysregulation (Boissonnault...
Jen is a 19-year-old woman who mistrusts men due to her relationship with her father, who left her and Jen’s mother to create a new family with his mistress. Since Jen only began to explore relationships with men and she knows that her mistrust is linked to her childhood, individual...
Emma’s Case Study Emma is a 5-year-old Korean-American girl who started her studies in kindergarten recently. In kindergarten, it was noticed that Emma is quite introverted, and she has trouble socializing with her peers. Despite being conscientious and respecting her teacher, Emma avoided executing the teacher’s requests to communicate more...
Sometimes it is impossible to achieve total objectivity about one’s self, which indicates several self-awareness degrees. Many people have a fundamental concept of the meaning of self-awareness, but they may not know where it originates from. Self-awareness occurs when people are cognizant of motives, behaviors, and feelings, facilitated by deeper...
Early experiments in psychological science did not follow ethical standards because many of the current guidelines were developed and published later than these studies were performed. The four fundamental ethical principles of research were first described in 1979 by Childress and Beauchamp: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice (Goodwin, Mays, and...
Most people cannot imagine a day without living in society and completing their expected or imposed responsibilities. In the offered online brief TED Talk, the bystander effect is properly illustrated and discussed to prove the existing paradox of human nature (SoulPancake). Many specific concepts are associated with this phenomenon, including...
Summary Thanks to a subtle understanding of psychology, successful marketers can control people’s behavior and push them to specific actions. Learning about the self-concept and its connection with consumer behavior helps determine what products customers need and how to attract their attention to the brand. By understanding this connection, you...
Assessment Tools for the Client A biopsychosocial approach is a holistic way of treating sexual disorders, which involves a multipurpose awareness of sexuality. In its sense, both sexual and perceived sexual and fundamental sexual functions can be influenced by physical, neurological, neurocognitive, behavioral, and relational factors. Several factors, including decreased...
The majority of human and animal actions have a favorable relationship with brain activity. Humans developed from their animal cousins, the apes, according to the well-known theory of evolution, and the two have similar qualities (Rowlands, 2020). Uncovering the underlying principles that drive these actions is crucial to comprehending this...
The project for my team was focused on repairing an old building that was planned to become storage. The plan was to keep construction materials, equipment, and car parts there for future use. The building was originally a medium-sized garage but then was repurposed as a storage area. Due to...
Time Activity Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 6-7 AM Work Out CX Burn 1 Outside Track Workout Run/Jog Yoga CX Burn 2 Run/Jog Circuit class at the gym CX Burn 3 8-9 AM Breakfast Vegan Chocolate Shakeology Eggs with veggies Oats with chia seeds and berries Vegan Chocolate...
Experimental studies in psychological science serve as the foundation for understanding individual and societal problems. Indeed, research in this field helped learn potential reasons for social withdrawal and abnormal attachment patterns in adult people. For example, Bowlby explained monkeys’ behavior in Harlow’s experiments by the need for “a continuous relationship...
The modern world is changing rapidly, which is also transforming the way people live. In particular, at present human beings are more and more mobile and less attached to a certain place. In this situation, the role of the physical space that it occupied in previous generations also decreases. The...
Summary Hoarding disorder is characterized by difficulty disposing or leaving with belongings due to a perceived desire to preserve them. The notion of getting rid of the goods causes distress in a person suffering from a hoarding condition. Excessive collection of goods happens, regardless of actual value. Hoarding can be...
It is important to note that a system theory model is a form of a holistic approach that examines and assesses issues as a part or unit of a system without factoring in individuals in isolation. Therefore, the analysis primarily focuses on behaviors, interactions, and communications within and beyond a...
Summary This case is about an old widowed Asian American woman called Anna. This case is meant to determine Anna’s issues regarding her biological behavior, psychology, social life, and spirituality. This study is also meant to assess Anna’s psychological fitness and recommend the best treatments considered. This case study will...
Summary The provision of mental health services for transgender and non-gender-responsive (TGNC) people is a complex and multi-criteria task that has not yet been sufficiently developed in the scientific literature and practice. This paper assesses service quality indicators and challenges in Lubbock, Texas, and looks into the future to extend...
As a result of bloody armed conflicts, many veterans face the problem of reintegration back into their societies. In the United States, the population involved in recent military confrontations in Afghanistan and Iraq has amounted to approximately 2.6 million people (Herzog, 2018). Among 58% of those checked by medical professionals,...
COVID-19 has significantly affected the whole world and changed many people’s physical and mental states. The life before the pandemic and self-isolation was pretty different from those people have today. This global problem changed the political and economic situation in the whole world and affected the personality formation of the...
Introduction Sexual addiction refers to the condition of not being able to control one’s sexual urges, impulses, and thoughts. Although sexual impulses are normal and natural, sexual addiction leads to excessive stimulation that negatively impacts an individual’s life. According to the DSM-5 sexual addiction is not considered a mental condition....
The article used for analysis is devoted to defining the role of attitude in human behavior. Attitude is characterized by scientists as a kind of manifestation of the subjective assessment of the affective sense. Attitude is usually considered to determine people’s actions and decisions. Being in a relationship with behavior,...
Coronavirus is one of the most serious, impactful, and discussed problems nowadays. There is probably no person today who did not suffer from it in some way. Its scope has long crossed the boundary of a mere disease. As Sadati et al. (2020) noted, this pandemic is not only “a...
Introduction Society should always be cohesive and united because only such a state of mind promotes the development and reduces the level of aggression. People who have good relationships trust each other, work better, and are able to delegate responsibilities. The main question is how to create such a cohesive...
Introduction The Behavior intervention support team (BIST) is a problem behavior intervention plan that aids in replacing maladaptive behaviors with target behaviors. BIST intervention was invented by Cornerstone care to assist teachers, parents, and caregivers to helps students become emotionally intelligent and develop coping mechanisms that limit the occurrence of...
Introduction It is complicated for an older person to deal with the loss of a loved one. According to experts, it is impossible to establish a time frame for treating such mental trauma. Most older people are unable to do anything after the death of a loved one. For some...
What is the Theoretical Basis or Framework for this Study? The article by Moore et al. (2020) focuses on the phenomenon of interpersonal stress for professional counselors. The theoretical basis of the study consists primarily of stress theory. Qualitative research on the feelings of emotional strain and pressure comprises the...
The theory of personality developed in this work assumes that personality is multifaceted and multicomponent, and it is the variability of its constituent components that forms a plurality of uniquely dissimilar people. It can be stated — and the reasons why will be described later — that no two people...
Introduction Childhood plays a critical role in developing personality and can significantly influence one’s choices and behaviors in adulthood. Evolutionarily, children were programmed to seek attachment with a stronger person who can provide appropriate care and support (Lai & Carr, 2018). Four primary attachment styles were described in the literature:...
Introduction The human-technology relationship in the contemporary era provides enormous benefits, such as the enhancement of quality of life. For some people, this relationship allows them to connect with long-distance relatives; some are able to access required information in a moment, and some use technology for entertainment. Consequently, numerous research...
Culture plays a critical role in the life of human beings, setting boundaries within which people act. Therefore, human psychology is also bounded to human culture, as the latter shapes the concepts, ideas, behavior, and even emotions of people. However, culture itself is also affected and formed by people’s thoughts,...
The situation tells about complicated relationships in the family. A 30-year-old African-American lady is seeking assistance because her American husband is physically and emotionally abusive. She is an alcoholic who is currently depressed and has AIDS. Her husband has her under control by threatening to retain their three children, ages...
Introduction Beck’s Postpartum Depression Theory is a unique tool for working with postpartum women. Remarkably, 9% to 15% of women experience symptoms of postpartum depression, but only a minority of women get a diagnosis (McEwen & Wills, 2019). The use of theory helps achieve comfort, health, and well-being for many...
Experience of family violence can have a profound impact on individuals’ psychological conditions. Family violence often includes domestic or psychological violence between partners or between parents and children. Applying Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can alleviate the mental health struggles of people who have experienced traumatic family aggression. Specifically, CBT techniques...
Stress Management The impact of critical incidents and work-related exposures on the health and mental health of first responders is well-known. However, there remains a level of stigma around mental health, leaving many to suffer in silence. CISM is a comprehensive holistic system aimed at addressing these exposures and consequences,...
Introduction The evaluation of the subject of divorce and parental separation is an essential branch of scientific research conducted in the fields of social sciences and childhood. Children throughout the world suffer from the damaging effects caused by their parents’ alienation towards each other, which often results in long-term separation...
The contribution of Phineas Gage to the development of biopsychology cannot be underestimated. The accident that happened to him revealed crucial information on the influence of frontal context on high-order functions. In addition, the examination of his case prompted exploration on the brain function localization and contributed to elaborating the...
Termination, or the ending phase, is the fourth and final stage of counseling when a client enters a transition from assisted to counseling-free functioning. Precisely success and termination are the initial goals of any counseling relationship. The counselor’s theoretical stance or workplace constraints should determine the specific time of beginning...
Introduction Researchers are consistently struggling to improve and prove the efficiency of numerous therapeutic interventions. In recent years, studies have attempted to explore the diverse methods that therapists employ in promoting behavioral, emotional, and psychological changes in clients (Ochs et al., 2020). The utilization of various family counseling practice frameworks...
People have two divergent views on what a habit is; specifically, one of the most debatable questions is whether it rules human decisions or is ruled by them. Practically, the vast majority could probably give examples of both situations where the behavior was apparently automatic and those where someone rejected...
Nature of the Study The present study seeks to gain insights from data from the selected demographic cohort at a specific point in time; hence, it is cross-sectional in nature. Besides, it is fair to consider it observational as the author intends to measure the effect of a risk factor...
Childhood is a unique time in a person’s life because it is associated with the phase where most growth happens. It is during this stage when cognition develops in children and that is done through experience. The things that happen around a child and their life during his stage leave...
Mental health is an essential element of a person’s well-being and ability to function in society. Mental health illness hinders one’s ability to work, socialize, and complete typical daily activities necessary for survival. However, psychology and psychiatry development ensured that these problems could be addressed either through medication or by...
Abstract Despite innovative discoveries, there are challenges amidst gaps in diagnosing depression within the location selected by the doctorate candidate. Hence, in an effort to allay this finding, it is vital to initiate proper screening. Notwithstanding the acceptance that screening is a significant step towards the alleviation of treating depression,...
The current situation in the world results in the fact that many people suffer from a crisis. Since it implies an adverse impact, many individuals can require professional assistance, and crisis counseling fits this purpose. According to Chapter 7 (n.d.), stress, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping are elements...
Introduction The modern reality of access to a wide variety of products and experiences has a significant drawback: individuals develop addictions to them. Gaming, shopping, working, the internet, alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs lead to severe mental and physical diseases, causing a massive burden to healthcare industries and economies. Addictions...
Introduction Psychology is a critical field of knowledge that is becoming more important in the modern world. It is a science studying the human mind, its functions, and factors affecting individuals’ behaviors in different contexts. It means that most theories existing in this field can be applied to various aspects...
Introduction Mental health is an essential element of a person’s well-being and ability to function in society. Mental health illness hinders one’s ability to work, socialize, and complete typical daily activities necessary for survival. However, psychology and psychiatry development ensured that these problems could be addressed either through medication or...
Human beings have a different perception of time that is associated with cognitive functions, such as attention. Time perception is the individual’s subjective experience of the period passed and the duration of events perceived. This helps create a memory of an event that allows the individual to form a belief...
Introduction Parenting is a very critical element in the development of children. Parentification of children is the role reversal of children whereby they are obligated to play the role of a parent to their parents or siblings. In far-gone cases, the children are used to role play, thus alienating their...
Task performance is the composition of the most predominant traits that correlate with the Big Five personality test. Depending on the specific characteristics, it becomes possible to define the advantages and disadvantages of the employee’s task performance type. It allows for distributing the work more effectively and managing the positions...
Proper access to mental care services and care is the first and essential aspect of a person’s wellbeing, however, a plethora of factors impact one’s ability to receive the needed support. It is evident that the inability to adequately address individuals’ needs of psychological help will result in consequences in...
Introduction Harmonious development of the child’s personality is possible while maintaining and strengthening health, defined as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. Mental health includes a child’s emotional and cognitive well-being, character development, and personality formation (Norona & Baker, 2017). In this regard, the parents – children interaction...
Introduction Bereavement is one of the most painful human losses, which may result in negative emotions such as anger, bitterness, and a decline in the well-being of the bereaved. According to the notion of meaning-reconstruction theory, bereavement is characterized by a continuing quest for an answer to a loss (Barak...
The phenomenon of ADHD has been known as a developmental issue that prevents children from developing relevant cognitive and socioemotional skills for quite a long. However, over the past decade, concerns over the effects that ADHD has on the general extent of patients’ mental health and on the further prospects...
Introduction People are always irritated when perceived as stereotypical representatives of a certain group instead of unique individuals. In her TED Talk, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie described several examples of such treatment and referred to it as “having a single story” about something (TED 00:02:50-00:02:58). In other words, a single story...
Freudian perspectives within psychology host two approaches to change within human behavior. Primarily, Freud proposed the idea that personality is developed in an individual’s childhood in a number of stages, and not advancing through these steps led to the impediment of one’s personality and identity. However, the manifestation of change...
Child Management Generally, working in children and families setting requires an individual to possess leadership abilities and competencies that would make management simple. A person should be able to understand various aspects like changes in behavior, stress, or any kind of strange activity. Furthermore, it needs strong communication skills that...
Management and Leadership Hi all! I will part with you on approximately of the greatest important thoughts that have eternally been exposed in leadership and management. I will discuss leadership and management theories, leadership types, effectiveness among families, and advantages and disadvantages. Leadership is the aptitude of individuals to exert...
Abstract Postnatal depression is an area of concern in nursing as midwifes are usually the ones responsible for creating the best experience of delivery for future mothers. Despite the recent increase in interest regarding postnatal depression, a lot is yet to be uncovered in relation to the link between the...
Self-regulation is the ability to acknowledge that a decision is supposed to be made. Therefore, one takes time to apply critical thinking skills and evaluate the available alternatives before deciding. In other words, it allows one to assess their choices before making a final decision; therefore, it ensures that minimal...
Introduction Studying psychology can be fascinating because one can fully understand mental processes and human behavior. A deeper comprehension of human conditions is always a key objective for psychologists. However, the concepts taught in classes can also have an impact on the learner’s development as a person. The focus of...
Introduction There are processes that children use as they construct their knowledge of the world. Concepts of accommodation and assimilation are two examples of ideas that are important in the learning process development. Therefore, accommodation and assimilation are a response to knowledge acquisition in which the brain either makes the...
