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When it comes to gender, the first influence the children experience is that of their parents. Looking at the roles of mother and father, a child learns to associate himself with the family member who is either male or female. In many cases, parents themselves foster the development of the...
Many community problems would disappear if people chose to talk to one another instead of one another. It is true that people come from different backgrounds and may hold different perceptions of their neighbors, although they share similar ethnicities. They would rather hide their troubles and let them consume them...
The article of Lee et al. (2016) examines how spirituality and religiosity influence non-sustainable and sustainable consumer behavior. When reviewing this study, I was interested how consumer behavior can be influenced by culture. As such, I now have three variables that are subculture (Lin et al. 2017), social media marketing...
The nation’s state before and after the corona virus pandemic is studied in the above article. Everyday life has changed in many ways due to the COVID-19 virus. The people’s welfare has been complicated through cases of unemployment, which has led to financial instability. Their health is also at risk...
When dealing with illness, individuals face a multitude of additional challenges that accompany the actual experience of pain. Families or caregivers involved in the management of the chronic illness of a patient are forced to adapt to the changes, which often causes disagreement, conflict, and failure to cope with imposed...
Zimbardo’s Experiment Zimbardo’s experiment focused on demonstrating obedience and the effects of social institutions’ power on individuals’ behavior and conformity. The experiment’s aim was to test the hypothesis; conditions within the US prison system and the inhumane activities of prisoners and the guards being led by the values and behavior...
Introduction On reflecting on sitting meditation, what comes to mind is that it is possible, though not easy, to have one’s inner thoughts arise and fade away without affecting my state of meditation. At any time throughout the day, the brain is constantly generating ideas, and this happens even when...
Introduction Most individuals tend to stay rigid to their false beliefs to an extent that it is almost impossible for facts to change their minds. In the article ‘Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds’ by James Clear, the author tries to explain why facts cannot change people’s opinions concerning given...
Introduction A well-known Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget, is mostly famous for his multiple innovative theories and ideas on the development of cognitive functions of children in the process of growing. He was one of the founders of a new system of early education because his studies helped psychology scientists understand...
Trauma takes many forms, from sexual abuse, physical abuse, abandonment, and mental abuse. Handling trauma among children requires early identification of victims of traumatic events, since most are reluctant to seek help. Children exhibit apparent indicators of trauma, and specific measures can be put in place to counter traumatic events....
Introduction The psychological interpretation of mental and emotional processes is called psychodynamic therapy. It is based on object relations, ego, and self-psychology and has its roots in traditional psychoanalysis. It was created as a faster and faster alternative to psychoanalysis. The purpose of psychodynamic therapy is to treat the basis...
Introduction Suicide is the act of intentionally taking causing one’s death. Suicide is a huge public health issue that affects people all around the globe. An estimated 0.8 million individuals die by suicide each year throughout the world, and an even more significant number of people make suicide attempts (Yasuma...
The term conformity in popular psychology refers to the tendency of an individual to comply with an established set of standards or rules. It typically manifests itself in the instances of regular, expected behavior that matches the patterns exhibited by the majority of society. Interestingly, people are prone to perceive...
Children need a comfortable environment in both school and homestead surroundings. Teachers and guardians are responsible for providing and assisting with necessary materials that are essential in their daily activities. In a classroom, children need space to play, a dining area, shelves to store personal belongings, and classwork desks. All...
The selected film Rope was shot almost a century ago and is A. Hitchcock’s first color film. The plot consists of two guys, representatives of the golden American youth inspired by the idea of a superman and killing their friend. They hide his body in a chest and call a...
This article focuses on Erikson’s view of character development from childhood to adulthood in eight phases. Character development depends on life skills that could have positive and negative outcomes. The first stage is trust and mistrust; in this phase, an infant relies entirely on those taking care of them for...
Introduction Person-centered theory (PCT) entails an approach to human nature and development that is considered to be the most strength-oriented and optimistic than any other theory. It is focused on the client and entails a humanistic approach associated with the various ways in which individuals consciously see themselves. Therefore, the...
Introduction Dissociation, or splitting, is a mechanism that allows the mind to separate or subdivide specific memories or thoughts of ordinary consciousness. These forked subconscious thoughts are not erased. They can re-emerge spontaneously in consciousness. They are enlivened by so-called triggers, which can be objects and events surrounding a person...
Recent studies by scholars in the psychological sphere have shown rather ambivalent results considering the nature of altruism and empathy in people. Empathy is described as an ability to perceive people in need, understand the struggles of others, feel the emotional spectrum of another person, knowing others’ feelings; whereas altruism...
Introduction People are social creatures, meaning they cannot avoid communicating with others. Moreover, in our daily activities, we meet other individuals and interact with them. This can happen in both home and work environments; however, the degree of success and the ability to attain particular goals during this process depends...
The drive model and Maslow’s pyramid are pretty close to each other because each affects a person’s basic needs. Maslow’s pyramid pays more attention to a person’s life in society, and his daily life, such as having friends and lovers. The drive model focuses more on an individual’s career development,...
Neuropsychological assessment (NPA) is a logical analysis of the relationship between the brain and behavior. The motive for performing the neuropsychological assessment is to identify an individual’s cognitive strengths, flaws, and the relationships between the neuropsychological outcomes and psychiatric and medical conditions of a person. The aim of this paper...
A person changes significantly physically and cognitively in middle adulthood. There is a critical transition from considering the time of birth to the remaining lifetime during this period (Berk, 2018). Tyler (2020) notes that changes can be divided into primary aging – those that depend on biological factors and secondary...
Introduction Human development and perceptions are influenced by both external and internal factors. While some argue that human development is predominantly sourced in an individual’s experiences, both biological and experience aspects certainly define the individual’s brain functionality by determining sensory signals’ processing (Handel et al.,2007). Thus, the environment of society,...
There are both pros and cons of the critical research methods to facilitating the goals of liberation and well-being within community psychology. On the one hand, critical paradigm is based upon pragmatic assumption that the system is biased to marginalized groups, which is close to the reality (Nelson & Prilleltensky,...
It seems reasonable to claim that the issue of the development of a child is relevant and vital nowadays. There is a necessity to figure out all the basic elements of the process appropriately, appealing to the newest approaches and research practices. The below discussion will focus on the interview...
Each person is sure that one knows oneself well and how to interact with the world. It seems to be wrong when one delves into the model of Charles Cooley’s Looking Glass Selfie. The basic principle of the model is that one can take a lot of information about himself...
Methods of Establishing Reliability in Psychology Table 1. Methods of Establishing Reliability in Psychology with Brief Descriptions. Method of Establishing Reliability Description Alternate forms reliability This approach to reliability involves checking the consistency of the results of the alternate versions of one instrument. High consistency allows making conclusions about the...
Anxiety is a common mental health disorder among most young adults between the age of 13 and 18 years. The National Institute of Health estimates that one out of every three teenagers will experience an anxiety disorder during this development period. The prevalence of the condition continues to increase, hence...
Person-centered therapy was developed by Karl Rogers, who is called the silent revolutionary for developing a theory based on the idea of the value of a person and his possession of an existential perspective. In other words, Rogers believed that people are trustworthy and have infinite potential to understand and...
Gestalt therapy was developed and emerged as an existential, phenomenological, and process-oriented approach. The main idea that underlies it is the assumption that people need to be understood through their relationship with the environment (Corey et al., 2021). Therefore, the initial goal of the therapist is to help the client...
Introduction Nowadays, it is considered a well-established fact that one’s affiliation with a lower social stratum can indeed be seen as such that increases his or her likelihood of ending up seeking psychotherapy. Moreover, as opposed to what is the case with their wealthy counterparts, most socially underprivileged individuals appear...
The socioeconomic status of a person is a fundamental factor that impacts his/her responses, the quality of life, and choice of patterns to communicate and socialize. At the same time, there is a growing body of evidence proving the idea that there is a direct correlation between the status of...
Future counselor needs to understand the many techniques they can use to help the client. Procedures can vary considerably and rely on different models: Psychoanalysis, for example, is different from methods utilizing the client’s dynamic. For me, the Adlerian Approach and Choice Theory seem to be the essential dialogue with...
James The given case illustrates child abuse and neglect as a problem involving not only a child and a parent but also grandparents. The situation reveals a greater range of facts about James’s and his family’s problem with indications of intergenerational child abuse, which is the prime hypothesis of the...
There are several development theories including Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bronfenbrenner’s theories. Piaget’s theory suggests that children undergo distinct stages of development, which implies that cognitive development occurs alongside physiological growth (Saracho & Evans, 2021). Vygotsky’s theory holds that development is influenced by sociocultural factors. Learning is supported by parents, peers,...
Several significant subjects currently dominate the study of developmental psychology. Problems regarding which psychologists do not have a common opinion and distinguishing views are supported by substantial arguments are called debates or issues. The nature of developmental change, the significance of crucial and sensitive moments, life span techniques against more...
Generally, growing up and becoming an adult comes with unlimited responsibilities. As a person, you would be required to perform different roles, ranging from family duties to professional engagements. All these tasks need total attention and commitment to ensure they run smoothly (Nepali 225). I usually plan accordingly to ensure...
Psychologists often use different designs to study children’s developmental issues. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an example of a childhood developmental challenge. Although the causes of the conditions are not known, medical professionals are constantly researching the predisposing factors together with new interventions. Correlational and experimental studies are mostly...
Introduction One of the most non-obvious issues that is rarely discussed by public or academic critics is the need for pastoral care. While society is accustomed to providing quality care and maintaining an adequate level of supportive living for vulnerable members of society, this rarely extends to the clergy. The...
Introduction Whether a person engages in deviant behavior or not is predefined by society and the norms that dominate it. Thus deviation is an act or behavior that violates social norms. However, while such behavior might be either intentional or unintentional, deviance might have long-term effects on an individual’s self-image....
The book raises a complex problem, and therefore total concentration is needed to express its main idea. The topic of this book touches on a complicated and ubiquitous topic – the problem of drowning out one’s trauma. The book demonstrates what hurt many young people even now – adults’ detachment...
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is a type of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and one of the most effective approaches for treating depression. However, there are other types of therapies that use similar techniques to achieve results. It should be noted that, more often than not, similar therapies have a more...
The phenomenon of aggression as one of the natural responses to negative stimuli might seem quite basic and simple to understand. However, aggression often represents a complex conundrum of emotions and is defined by a variety of factors, with the intensity of a response not necessarily matching the scale of...
Initiative and guilt are the third stage of psychological development which happens between the ages of three to five in the child life. Ideally, the child starts developing a sense of autonomy and the ability to make their own decisions. It is at this stage a kid takes decision-making to...
Abstract Eating disorders have a high prevalence in the world and the US specifically, with over 10% of individuals affected. Anorexia and bulimia are some of the most lethal disorders. They cause physical harm to the patient’s neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrinal systems. A complex approach involving different disciplines is...
Introduction People assume that childhood and teenage stages are the most blissful period in life. However, psychological research indicates that these stages are more critical than fun because they determine the future of an individual’s mental wellness. An average of 9 out of 10 adolescents with mental sicknesses develop the...
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that makes humans lose more weight than they need to stay healthy. This disorder is associated with a fear of being fat or eating too much, even if a person has a normal weight and eats normal food portions. The causes of anorexia are...
Children undergo a development process that involves a change in physical, emotional, and mental aspects. During early childhood, children depend on their parents and guardians to increase their independence. Genes inherited from parents and the activities involved during the prenatal period highly influence children’s development process. The environment around children...
Human emotions, both simple and complex, govern people in their everyday choices, both personal and professional. Certain people are not ready and immediately lose themselves in bed cards, but I would argue that this is not worth the persecution. The emotions in question have a lot in common with strong...
The professional I interviewed for this assignment is Carol Park, a school psychologist currently working at Montebello Unified School for nine years. Carol has a Bachelor’s degree in Business but, after several years in the corporate world, decided to switch majors and get a Master’s degree in educational psychology. Credentials...
It is important to note that there is a wide range of plausible and effective therapies for individuals struggling with trauma, but they vary in their degrees of usefulness as well as situational appropriateness. The evidence-based practice, which out to me was cognitive-behavioral therapy, or CBT, since it has a...
Introduction Children have various needs depending on their environment, background, social support, and family structure. Children in dysfunctional families may present bigger challenges that affect their cognitive and social attributes. When it comes to children with behavioral or emotional issues, the challenges facing communities and schools are unprecedented. Gosling (2018)...
Summary Overview of the Research topic The invention of televisions has been one of the most revolutionary advancements in the field of mass media. Televisions have helped disseminate information and real-time news to the masses effectively, keeping people informed of the events in their location and other parts of the...
Introduction Human sexuality is how we as sexual beings experience and express ourselves. Numerous elements contribute to the development of our sexuality, but arguably the most significant the actual gender. Different types of gender have a significant impact on the development of distinctive sexuality. Additionally, sexuality is a fundamental component...
Brown, R. C., Witt, A., Fegert, J. M., Keller, F., Rassenfofer, M., & Plener, P. L. (2017). Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 47(11), 1893-1905. Web. Thulin, J., Kjellgren, C., & Nilsson, D. (2019). Children’s experiences with an...
The concept of leadership can be understood as quite multifaceted and transforming over generations. The leader as a whole is a figure capable of leading other people, a kind of shepherd if one can draw an analogy from Christian imagery. The culture of modern mankind seems to be both extremely...
The study under review analyzes the application of mindfulness training (MT) technology in settings with exceptionally high requirements for cognitive resilience. Accordingly, the introduction of this paper is intended to provide the reader with all the necessary information about the context of this problem, indicate the importance of applying this...
A zombie is usually characterized by very distinct symptoms and behaviors which include particular walking patterns, such as a stagger, skin discoloration, appetite for humans or possibly animals, inability to speak or perform basic functions, and mostly poor frontal lobe processing. Because zombies are essentially reanimated corpses, a significant portion...
As a young adult, I found the sixth chapter of Quarterlife Crisis to be especially interesting as I will soon face the struggles of future life after graduation. Undoubtedly, there are many difficult aspects of being mature and having more responsibilities during this coming period. However, it is still exciting...
Scientists can define a human being by their physical characteristics. People who are able to behave sensibly decide on which decisions to make or not to make. The decision-making process mirrors people’s values that lead them to decide on what steps to preempt to solve any controversial issues (TEDx Talks,...
Introduction Like many sciences, psychology has evolved from philosophy and inherited questions and concepts which philosophy had been developing. Since the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in 1897, psychology has been progressing as an independent science and created its theories. Wundt’s approach is known as structuralism because he aimed...
The relationship between the family and individual has a considerable impact on further development and progress in almost all spheres in later life. According to Raheja (2021), the family’s influence covers the person’s physical, mental, and emotional health. Additionally, habits and values associated with various areas of life, including health,...
Virtue ethics is one of the three existing approaches to normative ethics that focuses on the development of an individual’s moral character. Virtue ethics suggest that following the path of morality and practicing virtuous habits such as honesty, bravery, and generosity cultivates an individual’s moral character. The character approach is...
Many people throughout their lives suffer from such phobias as fear of dogs, fear of insects, fear of heights, etc. My brother, as a child, was very much afraid of a Chihuahua dog, as she bit his leg. Now he is 25 and he is still afraid of dogs. Moreover,...
Effective stress management requires natural body relaxation responses induced by practicing regular meditation and muscle relaxation activities. According to research by Robinson et al., deep breathing, yoga or Tai Chi, and meditation are practical activities for stress management. The activities are flexible and fit into lifestyles and preferences to find...
Introduction The capability of humans and technologies to discover deception significantly contrasts. Based on the assessments resulting from interpersonal detection theory, the revealing degree for unassisted humans reduces imperfect instruments employed to evaluate accuracy. The interpersonal deception concept is a theoretical context designed to illustrate how individuals deal with absolute...
Making an abortion can be a decision that will influence a woman’s life, and the role of a counselor, in this case, can hardly be overestimated. Outlining the difficulties the woman might face if she decides to keep the baby and her health problems if she chooses an abortion, the...
The article by Earley et al. (2019) was published in the British Journal of Guidance and Counselling. The researchers aimed to qualitatively explore gay men’s experiences with counseling and provide practice-oriented suggestions. There was no definitive hypothesis due to the willingness to explore the understudied phenomenon holistically. However, based on...
All of us are familiar with the ‘Inner Critic’ who resides within our minds and interferes in possibly every decision we deliver. Sometimes we consider her/him as a friend as she/he allows us to improve and become a better version of ourselves. However, unfortunately, most of the time, the inner...
Both Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory discussed human development. The philosophers acknowledged the importance of the unconscious on people’s growth and trusted that individuals’ characters develop in several predetermined phases (Singh, 2017). Although Freud’s ideas, for instance, romantic love, influenced Erikson, their theories varied in many ways. Freud...
Complicated grief is a situation whereby an individual is in a progressive state of mourning as a result of losing their loved ones. The affected individuals find it difficult to heal and move on from the impacts of losing the people who were very close to them before meeting their...
Summary Metrics are the things to which participants react during a research project. Survey questions, interview questions, and hypothetical scenarios are all examples of research measurements. Question-wording is critical when conducting interviews and surveys because it ensures that respondents answer questions relevant to the study. Other than looking at how...
Lundh’s (2021) article, “Persons and genes. Are a gene-centered evolutionary psychology compatible with a person-oriented approach to psychological science?” compares two major theoretical frameworks in contemporary psychology. One is the array of person-oriented approaches focusing on the holistic study of individuals, and another is evolutionary psychology focused on transferring genes...
Several attributions biases in psychology can be applied to sport, including self-serving, action bias, and so-called “hot hand.” The self-serving bias is associated with accepting credit for success while blaming external factors and circumstances or others for failure. For instance, players of a football team take credit for the match...
One of the most effective theories that can best explain why Aileen Wuornos turned to be a serial killer is Hickney’s Trauma Control Model. According to this theory, trauma inflicted on a person during childhood sets up the individual to assumes deviant behavior in later stages of development (Cullen, 2020)....
Review of Cognitive Assessment The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (KABC – II) is used for assessing the cognitive abilities of children from 2 to 12 years old (Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2010). The Second addition extends the age range and can be used for children from 3...
The following aspects are relevant to the psychological models of addiction. Firstly, the fundamental indicators of demographic characteristics include gender, age, family, and education. The needs and problems of men and women, people of different ages differ significantly. The psychological profile is influenced by marital status, education, profession, and income...
Introduction Unfortunately, it is no easy matter to be a parent and properly raise a child. Parental negligence is a widespread phenomenon affecting thousands of children all other the world. They tend to lose their vigilance all the time, letting their children do what they want. Apparently, it can be...
Troxler’s Fading or Troxler’s Effect represents in the form of a blurry image of something. A person looking at his image has not to blink for some seconds to discern a depiction. Troxler’s Effect is a visual phenomenon of human perception people might experience while looking at the picture (Paw,2019)....
Introduction Socially constructed groups that were created by people based on race resulted in the formation of racist views and discriminatory attitudes. Consequently, socially vulnerable groups have to deal with the consequences of systematic racism. This essay will discuss similarities and differences between social psychology theories regarding race. These theories...
The MARS Individual Behavior Model is a model that seeks to develop individual behavior as a result of a combination of internal and external factors or influences. The name itself is an abbreviation of personal motivation, abilities, role perception, and situational factors. Motivation can be described as internal forces that...
Summary In the article entitled “The Kingdom of Dogs,” Adams (2020) offers a different perspective on Pavlov’s experiments with dogs that led to the discovery of classical conditioning. The author suggests that animals should be viewed not as passive research objects but as active subjects, possessing distinctive characters and developing...
Cultural diversity in the US emerged due to many historical and political reasons. These reasons did not depend on the will and desires of people who fall out of the cohort. In the 60s of the 20th century, the first movements appeared that protected the civil and human rights of...
Subjective data Chief Complaint Increased symptoms of General Anxiety Disorder, which resulted in a state of worry and difficulties falling asleep. History of the Present Illness (HPI)/Demographics The patient describes herself as being rather tense throughout her life; however, during her senior year in college, the issue escalated to the...
John Dewey is acclaimed as the greatest educational theorist during the 20th century. His theory of experience was well-known not only within the educational field, but also in philosophy and psychology. His works remain a strong influence in the models of innovative approaches such as adult education, learning beyond the...
The case of James is a unique illustration of how complex a child abuse situation can become due to the involvement of a multitude of parties, such as the school system, the criminal justice system, Child Protective Services or CPS, and one’s family members. The case is centered around the...
Community experiences of many people with disabilities have been reported as distorting (Nelson & Prilleltensky, 2010). The primary reason for that is marginalization based on ableism or discrimination in favor of able-bodied people. There are several instruments community psychology can use to improve the situation. Community psychology can provide education...
All people strive for the progressive realization of their talents and skills. Psychologically, personal development includes a clear image of the individual abilities and character traits and their efficient improvements. The American psychologist Carl Rogers designed the fully functioning person theory, which addresses personal development as a central point of...
This case assignment is focused on the psychological assessment by Huber S. and Huber O.W. The characteristics of the “evaluation” include objectivity, validity, practicality, reliability, and consistency of the results obtained. The Centrality of Religiosity Scale is used when it is essential to measure the “degree of religiosity”, the power...
Introduction My intended career pathway lies in becoming a radiology technician, a medical professional who uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases. I have chosen this career due to the underlying aspects of my personality — my desire to serve the community and my affinity for technology. However, the...
Today, developmental psychologists seldom adopt either position on most areas of development; instead, they study the ties between genetic and environmental effects. Many human developmental researchers believe that biological and social (cultural, socio-environmental, and socio-economic) variables all play an important role in human development (Boyce et al. 23235). People acquire...
Introduction Attachment is the formation of affectionate bonds with people who are essential in one’s life. Freud’s theory: Early infant-mother relationships affect the entire life’s relationships. This theory was disproved: Later bonds also shape attachment patterns. The 1950s experiment with rhesus monkeys showed that attachment is more about warm connection...
Introduction Substance abuse is a pressing problem in the United States, and counseling plays an essential role in supporting people struggling with addiction. Numerous organizations offer their services aiming to provide treatment and care for clients that need help. Substance abuse counseling can be referred to as a specialized form...
Introduction Many personality theories are influenced by the biographies of their creators. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud are among the greatest psychoanalysts of the 20th century, who underlaid the basis of personality theories. This paper aims to analyze the interconnection between the theories of Freud and Jung and their environment....
Various researchers emphasize different components of a motivational interview. The spirit of motivational interviewing is based on three elements: collaboration of a social worker and a patient, evocation or encouraging patients to provide personal reasons to change their behavior, and a focus on the patient’s autonomy as only patients have...
Introduction The attitude of an individual towards another race or ethnicity is deeply rooted and rarely reported. Implicit Association Test (IAT) assesses perceptions and beliefs that human beings might dislike or are incapable of saying (Harvard University, 2011; Schimmack, 2021, p. 396). Interestingly, IAT helps people be conscious of the...
Mental exercises can be beneficial for overall performance and improved ability to concentrate and deal with difficult taks. Although they are not as effective as physical activities, the research found that mental work can substantially contribute to achievements in various fields, such as sport, music, medicine, and others (Toth et...
Being a neurodevelopmental disorder, dyslexia is one of the most common language-based learning disabilities. The symptoms of dyslexia are demonstrated by children and adults who struggle with reading when they ought to be capable and motivated to read fluently and adequately for their age. Hence, to reduce the severity of...
Introduction Reinforcement is a vast and natural part of everyone’s life. It is immediate, positively, or negatively affecting the learner’s reaction, or the external environment, to a specific action (Alberto & Troutman, 2013). In the education of children, this model is a critical stage, but it often occurs unconsciously. Thus,...
To identify any strengths and weaknesses of the student, it is usually necessary to use some tests and questions. However, within this assessment framework, methods of observation, passive data collection, and interviews with persons close to the subject, teachers and parents, were used. The reason for this behavior is this...
Summary The given paper will primarily focus on the career path of the radiographer and the implications of future career-related changes in regard to technology and certifications required for qualification. The identified career path is a radiography professional who uses imaging technology to create and take images of a patient’s...
Langston Hughes is a brilliant poet and prose writer, an innovator, and a revolutionary in literature. A leading force in the Harlem Renaissance, a scholar, activist, and black man who spoke shamelessly and proudly about his experience of racism in a still heavily segregated America. His “colleague,” Zainul Abedin, is...
Over the last several years, meditation has become one of the most widespread forms of mental health activities. Its popularity has grown with the invention of different apps and online platforms easily accessible to a broad audience to practice meditation. Indeed, meditation provides numerous benefits at relatively low financial and...
Remaining optimistic in the contemporary environment can be especially vital for overcoming numerous challenges. Although various negative experiences inevitably occur throughout an individual’s life, maintaining a positive outlook for the future might considerably increase one’s mental resilience. In the process of decision-making, people might refer to their most positive expectations,...
Introduction Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability III Edition is a tool used to assess and measure a child’s cognitive capacity as well as the overall intelligence. It was created and revised by Mary Johnson and Richard Woodcock in 2001. The main advantage of the give assessment tool is the fact...
I would like to explore the correlation between the parents’ overprotection and adults’ self-identification. From my point of view, this question requires exploration because often, parents trying to help can harm their children’s self-esteem and dignity. Parents unwillingly can force children into believing that they can achieve nothing without help....
I want to create a persuasive that will increase the rate of college students seeking treatment for mental health. Problem The mental health of college students has been a growing concern over the last decade, with the issue being exacerbated by the challenges of modern education and realities. In a...
Introduction According to CDC (2016), suicide among children and the youth is a global health crisis. As per CDC (2016), in every eight children aged 6 to 12, one usually has suicidal thoughts. It refers to the intentional imposing of danger to oneself until death. Suicidal attempts are more common...
Often, counseling emerges from the confines of being strictly a science and becomes much more diverse and individualized in nature. This is a sentiment that is relayed in an article by Bethany Bray (2019) on the topic of suicide prevention. It is also frequently noticeable when discussing or observing suicide...
It is important to note that trauma, disaster, and crisis are interrelated concepts, which require specifically targeted interventions and counseling measures in order to achieve a positive outcome for clients. Trauma can be defined as an emotional response to a negative stimulus or event, which is harmful to an individual...
Research Topic The impact of middle childhood experiences on adulthood at work and within society. Hypothesis There is a relationship between the exposure to different environments in middle childhood and career choices and social interactions of adulthood. Research Questions What middle childhood experiences influence the choice of profession? What middle...
For a prolonged time, individuals who take roadways have experienced aggressive driving, raising a concern to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As a result, a case scenario method is used to examine the role of self-validation in a driving situation. The hypothesis target population was drivers and the participants...
The four theories explain how people experience the world, think, and react to different situations. In the learning perspective theory, different conditions lead to different reactions and feelings. On the other hand, self-actualization helps a person to be self-sufficient and conditions someone to realize their worth. The cognitive perspective theory...
Introduction Sexual relationships are an integral part of our life, regardless of their presence at the moment and personal opinions about them. Sexual philosophy can reveal the possibility of internal conflict, denial of models of society, or adherence to personal ideology through the prism of attitudes towards the intimate aspect...
The link between brain activity and hormones, which was established by specialists, is one of the most interesting phenomena attributed to the human body. It allows a conclusion on the connection between one’s biological sex and the processes, which occur during the development of people from three weeks gestation (Cala,...
Introduction Martin is a 21-year-old student, and he suffers from bizarre behaviors. His parents noticed that he could talk to himself, Martin refused to use his cellphone to avoid activating a deadly chip in his brain, and the guy accused his parents of conspiring with the aliens. This information explicitly...
The efficacy of asking questions has been proven by multiple researchers engaged in investigating the mechanisms of the human psyche. Proper questions help people explore much about themselves and the surrounding world. Many interrogative techniques have been offered to trace one’s development. Moreover, counselor services are growing in popularity since...
Introduction This work compares and contrasts the four major approaches to clinical psychology in relation to Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Disease overview and Classification Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic biobehavioral disease or disorder that presents in early childhood and which may continue...
Studying the processes of child development, the researcher is inevitably faced with several fundamental questions, including what leaves a more significant mark on the character: nature or nurture? On the one hand, the English philosopher John Locke believed that the environment and upbringing play a huge role, and intrinsic factors...
It is important to note that reflective practice can be a critical measure for the continuous improvement of one’s professional capabilities and competence. It is stated that “Nursing education has welcomed the idea of reflection as a valuable tool to assist nursing students in learning from practice,” and “likewise, reflection...
Introduction The chapter under review “Learning capacities” presents four learning capacities found in infants, namely classical and operant conditioning, habituation, and imitation. This paper aims to summarize the main ideas and findings of the chapter. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a type of learning that is possible due to the...
Introduction The chapter under review seeks to discuss the babies’ learning capacities. The latter is viewed as an ability to change one’s behavior as a result of new experiences. In this regard, the researchers distinguish four fundamental learning capacities that children possess. They include classical and operant conditioning, habituation, and...
Despite the spread of awareness about them, the problem of stigmatized attitudes to mental diseases is still found in many areas of human life. In the article “Assessing Mental Illness Stigma,” authors study MI as a cross-diagnostic and a cross-cultural phenomenon (Mannarini & Rossi, 2019). During the study of several...
Introduction Anxiety is a natural feeling which is evolutionarily necessary; it is usually associated with a new, unforeseen, or threatening situation, and it increases when the importance for the body increases. For example, when a person is going to have a complex operation. Anxiety is abnormal and pathological only when...
Social structures are one of the main concepts in sociology, as they represent relatively stable types and forms of social practice. Social life is organized through social structures, and the stability of ties and relationships within the social organization of society is ensured. Social structures are complex social structures based...
Symptoms of Depression Depression symptoms may be divided into three categories. The three categories are psychological, physical and social symptoms. All the three categories affect a person negatively and lead to low productivity. Depression symptoms are generally noticeable as they are mostly a deviation from the normal behaviour of a...
According to O’Brien’s statement, “stories can save us,” and I support this argument. In real life, we experience difficult situations that demand a lot from our subconscious minds. To remain active, the mind needs a kind of hallucination that reflects the reverse of the previous scenario to convince our thoughts...
Since the very beginning of human nature, people had significantly evolved in most parts of their lives. However, with the physical and mental evolution, their wishes and preferences were nonetheless influencing their living. As a result, one of the most recognized and powerful psychologists, Abraham Maslow, introduced the conception of...
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory explains that people’s unconscious psychological conflicts determine their behavior and thoughts. As for women, the leading theory’s assumptions include penis envy, the Oedipus complex, and various types of orgasms. These terms allowed Freud to emphasize the role of sexual development in people’s psychology and admit that...
Personal issues are part of a complex system that makes people unique. However, this individuality can attract psychopathologies that ultimately require correction through therapy to enhance the patient’s cognitive wellbeing. The present paper offers a brief distinctive understanding of person-centered therapy (PCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Although both therapeutic...
This paper is an overview of the article “Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults.” The authors of the article state that their work is the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. The paper discusses how health risk behavior and various...
Power has been acknowledged as a significant motivating factor in relationships among individuals. In social psychology, it has been described as the relative ability of an individual to modify other peoples’ situations by issuing or withholding rewards or meting out punishments (Brinol et al., 2007). There exist limited methods of...
In psychology, several pivotal theoretical models of human psychological development have been introduced over the years. The diversity of prominent psychologists’ opinions concerning the stages of psychological development and the critical concepts within each of them provide a basis for substantial investigation and practical implementation. Indeed, the use of theories...
Joker is one of the most controversial characters in comic books and films about Batman. In the movie Joker (2019), Joaquin Phoenix’s personage Arthur Fleck (Joker) is about 32-33 years old although the actor’s actual age is 44. This fact makes the character look older, reflecting his health problems in...
Raising children is arduous as parents are tasked with introducing their children to society and acceptable norms of behavior in it. Dealing with misbehavior and refusal to follow instructions is one of the most significant challenges for parents as advice on the appropriate methods of punishment continues to change. Thus,...
One important idea that has to be pointed out about the so-called Black psychology is that the ideas of Dr. Joseph L. White have been pushed in order to make Black people realize their strengths and focus on positive thinking. Interpersonal interactions were deemed vital for the community because communal...
Abstract The widespread usage of the internet and social media has both bad and good consequences for individuals. One expression of such harmful impacts is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a type of abuse and humiliation carried out online. Because of the increased use of social media by teenagers and adolescents, cyberbullying...
Bandura showed through his experiment that the formation of aggression in children occurs through observation and interaction with other people. During the first experiment in 1961, the children watched in person as an adult viciously beat Bobo – an inflatable doll about a meter high – for about 10 minutes....
Children see the world and experience things in a completely different way than adults. Playing, as a tool for the development of children and learning the world, is important. Through the game, the simplest basic concepts about some concerns are built and become the basis for further analysis in adulthood....
Power is the ability of an individual to greatly influence the occurrence of an event and have control over the outcome of the event. Powerful individuals are mostly characterized as individuals who always want the outcome of a particular event to favor them. This has resulted in the majority of...
In the video Being Aware Proximity Behavior, little boy Salim accidentally causes the roof of a wooden house to fall. This slight mistake makes the other boy, Gabe, quite angry with him. However, the teacher quickly uses indicators of positive communication and respect to de-escalate the situation (CLASS, n.d.). She...
Introduction In western societies, overweight females are under the seizure of constant underestimation and bullying, as there are particular standards of beauty defying a lot of people to follow them in order to be desirable. Women have always wanted to be seductive and attractive to men, and in this pursuit...
The First Two Years: Physical Development Human development is a continuous process that runs throughout his life. From the moment of birth to death, a series of sequential regular morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes take place in the body, and therefore certain time periods or periods are distinguished. The boundaries...
In terms of growing up, change is inevitable; there is a change for the better, and there is a change for the worse, and I have encountered both. However, throughout these changes, I noticed something significant, and that is that one cannot change what happens around one. Life is simply...
Understanding death as a natural biological process comes only with age. Children are not able to perceive death as a complete stop of all processes in the body. Nevertheless, with age, a person realizes the finiteness of all living things and stops thinking about death as something impossible. However, each...
The later life relationship between children and their parents significantly differs from that in young adulthood or adolescence. Transformations in cognitive and mental patterns could be observed in both parties. According to Syre’s (2019) research, parent-child dynamics in later life change positively transforming into the supportive and influential alliance. As...
The loss of a loved one is an animal that unpacks our fears and sorrow and makes life look meaningless. Death can significantly change who we are and may as well make us appear or feel lost. Therefore, this is a devastating experience that leaves people grieving. Grieving is finding...
The Implicit Association Test was developed as a research tool for social psychology, including clinical, cognitive, and developmental psychology. Test authors Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGee, and Jordan Schwartz first introduced the test in 1998 (Soyyilmaz, 2020). Since then, it was used in social psychology for testing patients. The test is...
Introduction There are multiple beliefs regarding the contributors to character development. The order in which children are born is among the uncontrollable variables speculated to have profound influences on personality. Birth order is supposed to create situations in which one is exposed to specific conflicts and issues because of being...
Introduction Abnormal psychology studies psychological disorders and ways to improve the lives of those affected by them (Nevid et al., 2021). There are several perspectives on the pathology of such disorders. However, contemporary theories include a biological perspective on the issue, which connects the pathology to the deviations within the...
Introduction The problem of narcissism has received attention in the clinical psychological and psychotherapeutic literature. This interest is related to the contemporary cultural situation and social priorities that encourage individualism, purposefulness, confidence, and independence. Modern people are preoccupied with self-understanding, self-affirmation, and self-reflection. The flip side – the “dark” side...
The meaning of death for every person depends on several factors: age, current knowledge, consciousness, and faith or religion. Age is one of the determining factors because children have a lack of experience and understanding of death. With few exceptions, children face death closer to adulting; that is why their...
Abstract Domestic abuse is a case in which a family member tries to control a partner or child to dominate them for specific purposes. Violence has a physical, psychological, sexual nature and is applied to a relationship with a family member, which is the result of emotional, mental trauma and...
I have chosen “Overstimulation in the Modern World” as a topic because I believe that overstimulation causes more problems than most people realize, and to discuss it is now as important as ever. There are numerous industries that use overstimulation to attract consumers, and the principle of overstimulation can explain...
Many people have debated on what can be considered as a psychological problem and medical problem. Psychological issues are defined as illnesses associated with changes in emotion, thinking, and behavior (Minghetti et al., 2018). Some of these conditions are depression, dementia, schizophrenia, and anxiety. The medical problem is a broad...
The Stanford Experiment is one of the most controversial and shocking experiments of the last century. The work focused on the study of human nature, the response to various stressors associated with the restriction of freedom, and the changes caused by the acquisition of power. The experiment showed that a...
Operant conditioning is a type of learning process based on association of certain behavior with negative or positive result. The positive, or desired result, is called reinforcement, whereas the negative result is punishment. The stimulus can be either added or removed based on the aim of the training person to...
As a two-day experiment in which I had to develop and apply a strategy for cognitive improvement, I chose the strategy of cognitive conflict. This type of thinking is quite often used in teaching the exact sciences and has attracted my attention due to its declared effectiveness. Cognitive conflict implies...
A reaction arrives at a physiological edge when it can energize tangible receptors and send nerve driving forces to the mind. A message beneath that edge is supposed to be subconscious. The message is prepared; however, we are not intentionally mindful of it. An absolute threshold is the littlest measure...
This study examines the impact of the Big Five Personality Traits on students’ academic performance. It is extremely important for academic institutions and employing organizations to acknowledge the connection between career counseling and students’ education, values, and goals. As long as students are provided with influential career and academic counseling,...
There are many ways to organize concepts, but one of the most effective methods is by using categories. Categories can be broad or specific; the variation will be dependent on the content to be covered by an individual. The superordinate concept is one of the categories that individuals use to...
There can be no doubt that Freud’s ideas were revolutionary in behavioral psychology at the time. Although some of Freud’s ideas have been recently criticized and undergone substantial scrutiny, the core premise of behavioral psychology remains in its place, which has led to the creation of multiple theoretical perspectives associated...
Introduction The article “The Journey Toward Literacy Begins in Infancy: The Reach Out and Read Innovation” was written by Jean Ciborowski Fahey and Judith Forman and published in Childhood Education in 2012. It focuses on the operations of an organization called Reach Out and Read, the main goal of which...
A language that is understood by the representatives of different communities regardless of their background, native language and culture can be called universal. To understand language, humans have to identify the sounds or letters used, retrieve the meaning of words combined from these letters or sounds, build the syntactic structure,...
Group interventions that facilitate artistic expression could be a robust practice framework for grief therapy. Interventions of such kind help in the reduction of feelings of isolation, and clients become more willing to accept and normalize loss experience (St Thomas & Johnson, 2007). Art is an addition that helps to...
Introduction The increase in violent behavior among youth and children under the influence of a more intensified exposure to violent video games has been a persistent concern in academic circles, educational environments, and families. Literature on the topic provides evidence for disruptive anti-social behaviors characterized by violence and aggression and...
Experience Title Understanding behavioral intervention planning within the framework of the Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. Aligned CEC Standard Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. The standard entails facilitating the ongoing improvement of programs, plans, and services at different levels to create the perfect system...
How a person perceives themselves significantly influences their choices, defines happiness, and applies to all spheres of life. Socrates, Saint Augustine, René Descartes, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, and modern thinkers explored the definition of self from consciousness, spiritual, physical, and psychological perspectives (Chaffee 91). These famous thinkers lived...
Introduction The effects that video games supposedly have on the psychological development of young people has been the focus of close attention and growing concerns of parents and general audiences. Video games have been seen as the cause of violence for decades, especially those that incorporate scenes of graphic violence...
As a counseling student who provides services at a counseling internship placement site, the most difficult type of client would be the ones with criminal records. The main issues are the fact that it is necessary to ensure anonymity, where the given category of a client might reveal something troublesome....
Article Summary People have basic needs, the satisfaction of which is the ground for their health, well-being, and personal development. Miner et al. (2013) consider the basic psychological needs defined within self determination theory (SDT) and God as a figure of a significant other that can help meet these needs....
Interpersonal relationships need maximum determination to nurture and sustain, and they are regarded as a connection between people. For relationships to last, there has to be constant communication between the parties involved. However, some problems usually arise inside interpersonal communication, and in my case, that problem is grief. Being present...
The idiomatic concept of “rooting for the underdog” refers to a social psychological situation in which a person or group of people shows a preference for a hero who has little chance of winning the competition. Underdog can be understood in the broadest and most unwoven sense of the concept....
Body language is a language of body motion, behavior, and gestures studied in kinesics. Different gestures expressed by people can often tell much about their thoughts, feelings, and intentions. Therefore, observing body signs may help people understand each other better in a non-verbal way. Gestures are divided into several types...
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a comparatively young framework addressing the transformations a person experiences following trauma. This paradigm was introduced in the 1990s, and scholars are still working on its development and further refinement (Kirkner & Ullman, 2019). Several definitions and even terms related to PTG exist, such as “positive...
Terry Ahwal’s personal essay discusses the dangers of fear and the importance of controlling it to avoid the harm it can cause. The author supplements her call for overcoming fear with deeply moving personal examples from her life in the Middle East and the USA. Yet while the general point...
The question of the study The authors of the “Memory, Learning and Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder” study, Jill Boucher and Sophie Anns, addressed the issue of memory in the context of people with an autism spectrum disorder. More specifically, the central topic is discussed in its relation to the...
Summary Profile Tait is an intelligent young boy in elementary school. Multiple challenges are making it difficult for Tait to succeed in all aspects of development. The major problems facing Tait include autism spectrum disorder which he has battled since he was two years old. This makes it difficult for...
Introduction Human nature, namely the awareness of oneself, the essence and principles of “self,” has been of interest to humanity since ancient times. Over time, the fundamental concepts of self-awareness and its nature have changed in accordance with the development of the sciences. Namely, medicine, psychology, and philosophy, because this...
In recent years, success, leadership, and achieving outstanding results in a career have been associated with a developed emotional intelligence. It turns out that mental intelligence, deep knowledge, and effort are not enough to achieve significant results at work. Emotional intelligence is the reverse side of rational intelligence, the ability...
It is hard to disagree that nowadays, numerous factors affect people every day, not allowing men and women to live their lives as they truly want. From an early age, girls and boys are imposed on gender-specific behaviors and stereotyped prohibitions and limits. They are forced to evaluate themselves and...
Intellectual disability The introduction of the term ‘intellectual disability’ into medical circulation is caused to replace the previous title ‘mental retardation.’ After discussions between medical professionals and society, the proposed term was explained. Intellectual disability is a disorder of neural development that causes trouble in social, personal, educational or professional...
Mental disorders among children and adolescents Childhood is a crucial stage in human development that can influence the future course of one’s life, making a person vulnerable or resilient depending on the scope of risk and protective factors. The risk factor is a situation that will result in a negative...
Play is the main activity of preschool children: in the game, the child’s personality blossoms entirely. During the game process, a child’s will, emotions, cognitive processes, and interests interact and cooperate. As a result, positive changes in the personality of the child emerge. Children’s games can be viewed as the...
Introduction Problems of young adults are usually rooted in their childhood, and many psychologists and sociologists are interested in analyzing people’s past experiences and current achievements. Maltreatment in the childhood period occurs for different reasons, and not many adults or children are ready to report their problems. Although some abuse...
When placing children in foster families, it is necessary to remember that the child must formulate organized attachments. Therefore, helping foster parents in developing parenting behavior plays a key role. The primary purpose of the foster care system is to protect children and provide them with a calm, safe, and...
A high-quality daycare center plays a vital role in the appropriate development of children. While many children attend daycare centers and spend six hours a day on average in these facilities, the quality of such facilities is not necessarily satisfactory. Such factors as adequate attention to each infant, encouragement of...
Introduction Deviant behavior poses a threat to society, so scientists still elaborate on new theories explaining its origins. In their research, Antonietta Curci and Romy Greco found that strain and stress are factors leading to inner-directed forms of deviant behavior such as substance intake and gambling supplemented by negative emotions...
The short-term memory stores almost all the information received at some point in time on the senses. However, in this form, it is not stored for long: only a few seconds. If people cannot hold information in short-term memory, working memory cannot process such information. As far as long-term memory...
Applying Ecological Model to Tackle Social Issue Community psychology is the field that thoroughly studies human interactions and their influence on the functioning of the whole community. Furthermore, it is also based on social issues, organizations, and circumstances that might considerably impact people, groups, and society on the whole (Kagan...
Behaviorism Learning Theory is based around the idea of conditioning certain behaviors, which occurs through communication and other synergies with the surroundings. Some behaviorists argue that only observable behavior should be included in the idea since unobservable emotions and moods are too subjective (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Any person, regardless...
The successful academic study of the conceptual foundations of psychology is not limited to the study of lecture information or attendance at seminars. On the contrary, for a full and thorough mastery of the material under study, it is necessary to engage in the practical implementation of the knowledge and...
Biological theories of human behavior and criminality can be controversial topics to discuss, for it has some unclear moments. Although the researches and pieces of evidence on the biological influence on the predisposition to crimes may sound convincing and weighty, it is not enough to fully explain the criminal behavior....
In general, it is absolutely normal for people to experience anxiety during their lives, especially in challenging or emotional situations. However, continuous, strong, and unreasonable anxiety may lead to serious mental health disorders that impact relationships with other people (Bandelow, Michaelis, & Wedekind, 2017). From the personal perspective, anxiety may...
Evidence that heredity plays a significant role in personality development is compelling, and it must be considered in any biological explanation of individual variations. According to Carver and Scheier (2017), a complex biological entity produces human behavior. For example, some of my personality traits are similar to those of my...
Introduction Today’s world is a place where each person is constantly facing new challenges. New problems arise in everyone’s life, and it is impossible to stop this process entirely. Resilience determines the person’s ability to withstand stresses, which is why developing this trait is crucial for everyone. The most effective...
Community psychology is the field firmly focused on enhancing people’s lives in various settings, namely: organizations, society, groups of people, or on an individual level. However, the experts need to follow basic rules of intervention on different levels to achieve fruitful outcomes for their work. To be more particular, methods...
Introduction Human life is one of the paramount values, but it does not necessarily mean that it receives the respect it deserves. One may argue that contemporary American society leaves much to be desired in this respect, especially when it comes to families. As the place where respect for life...
Executive Summary To study the connection between mental well-being, self-efficacy, and personal growth, researchers used three scales namely; Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Personal Growth Initiative. The study has questions and hypotheses that are used to drive the elements that would lead to a justifiable conclusion....
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) This paper presents an evaluation of the Minnesota multiphasic personal inventory – Second edition (MMPI-2). First of all, an outline of test evaluation (OTE) is provided, which describes the key features of the test. Based on the data obtained, a review of the advantages and...
Introduction The study of memory is a significant part of neuroscience as an insight into this topic could assist in the development of education, medicine and psychology. The researchers recognise several main types of memory, including long-term, short-term and working memory. The working memory model was developed in an effort...
Abstract Psychologists had become increasingly inclined to make psychology more scientific in the early 20th century. Psychologists argued that to be scientific, they needed to know only those elements to be analyzed and evaluated. A variety of different teaching theories have been proposed to explain why and how people behave....
I firmly believe that one’s development always lies in human cognitive abilities. While it is up to a parent to provide the necessary care and support, a child strives to learn about the world around them through an innate need. This impulse is inherent in all intelligent beings and is...
The factors that sparked the emergence of the lifelong perspective were of scientific matter. The researchers explored the biological, cognitive, and psychological changes throughout an individual’s life, which prompted them to develop a specific approach for explaining the nature of these changes. Namely, Paul Baltes, a German psychologist, decided to...
Introduction Psychological profiling can be perceived as an art rather than a science since it requires a deep understanding of human behavior. As a result, forensic mental health professionals are well equipped with knowledge that allows them to review the available evidence and offer profiles of individuals who may have...
Introduction The most significant period of prenatal development is the embryonic stage. The reason is that it plays a crucial function in the development of the brain. This stage occurs after the formation of the neural tube within the first four weeks of conception. It is important to note that...
Introduction Oprah Winfrey is truly an inspirational figure, who has greatly influenced the world and touched millions of people through her work. The story of Oprah’s early childhood and teenage years only emphasizes how much potential every individual has to rise above their surroundings and turn their life around. Oprah...
Article Summary The article “Increased Screen Time: Implications for Early Childhood Development and Behavior” discusses both positive and negative developmental and behavioral consequences of engagement with technology in early childhood. As for the advantages of digital engagement, the authors determined that infants can successfully imitate the actions or body language...
High school education is a critical aspect that significantly impacts the pursuit of a college degree and an individual’s social and personal development. Nevertheless, currently, many adolescents struggle in high school both academically and socially. Although I agree with Steinberg’s (2014) premise that American high school students lack challenge, I...
Many books, articles, films, and other forms of motivation have been designed to help people act effectively, whether it concerns their education, work, or other activities associated with achieving specific goals. One of the most famous works in this field is the book by Stephen Covey called The 7 habits...
To begin with, the tendency of technology usage has considerably soared over the last decade. As a result, children are now more exposed to the virtual world and tend to spend more time on their electronic devices rather than socializing with their peers in the real world. Overall, I agree...
Choice of occupation and preparation for new professional positions are always complex processes as they demand alterations in existing roles and extra training. At the same time, there is also a need for additional resources and training to acquire needed competencies and skills. Thinking about this process, it is possible...
An average human lifespan has grown drastically over the last few centuries, mainly due to improved living conditions, medicine, and technology. Losing memory, attention span, and cognitive function is a natural factor in human aging, which can only worsen with the overwhelming stress of the modern lifestyle (Kalat, 2015). Therefore,...
When dealing with students with severe mental disabilities, it is crucial to ensure their safety and protect them from self-harm. This was the purpose of shock therapy introduced into practice in the Rotenberg Centre (Young R., & McMahon S., 2021). However, as practice and a recent incident with tortured students...
FuturesWithoutViolence.org. (2016). Partnering with Head Start and Early Childhood Programs. Promising Futures. Web. The work discusses the nuances and purposes of partnering with the Head Start program. It represents the social program as helpful in supporting children exposed to domestic violence during times of stress. The work outlines significant collaboration...
The article titled “Facilitating Mental Health Support for LGBTQ Forced Migrants: A Qualitative Inquiry” discloses the issues this group faces and suggests facilitating measures (Kahn et al., 2018). This qualitative study examined intermediaries and obstacles to the provision of psychiatric care in Canada for forced migrants who were LGBT from...
Happiness is an elusive concept as being happy means various things to different people. In this exercise, five people were asked questions about happiness. Specifically, they were asked if they were happy, if they were living “the good life,” and whether they wanted to make any changes to their lives....
The human brain can be considered the central organ of the human body that controls everything from physical to emotional activity. Scientists and scholars have studied the connection between the brain and processes that flow in people’s bodies, emotions and reactions. This paper analyzes the interconnection between sensation and perception,...
In their study meant to evaluate biases between traditional and social media-administered surveys, Kalimeri et al. (2020) explore the unique observatory function of social media for human behaviors. The scholars note that social media offers an excellent opportunity to researchers by enabling them to conduct large-scale studies and research, particularly...
Abstract Psychology as a discipline tends to study human activities and cognitive behavior from varied perspectives. The profession uses scientific approaches better to understand human emotions, learning, and reaction. Being a psychologist, it is essential to focus on its dynamics to make plans that meet changing needs of people. In...
The survey is all about the determination of self-esteem among individuals, especially children, and the youth. It also gives insights into the rationale of self-esteem. It also takes into account the factors that may affect the self-esteem of specific individuals in society. What could actions help boost the self-esteem of...
Divorce of parents negatively affects the well-being of children. Eyo (2018) suggests that parents’ divorce influence the children psychologically. Consequently, children become isolated and stop communicating with their peers, often not realizing that they are not a problem of parental separation. In some cases, this psychological trauma may affect their...
This article is devoted to the problem of assessing the risk of suicide among schoolchildren. It is said about the inaccuracies that accompany the assessment of the risk of suicide and the great responsibility of school consultants who should create risk groups. This article also reveals that students often hide...
The phenomenon of generalization of the stimulus occurs when a specific reaction that was to the previous stimulus occurs on the following similar. This is practically explained when parents teach their children colors and shapes. Then infants can remember what a red triangle looks like and, as a result, distinguish...
Introduction During the last several years, mindfulness has become a popular practice when people become learn what they sense and feel without external judgments. This meditation comprises breathing techniques, repeating sounds, or constructing mental images (Lardone et al., 2018). In most cases, people comprehend mindfulness meditation as full conscious awareness...
Introduction People with a tendency toward suicidal ideation represent one of the largest high-risk populations because thoughts of death affect a high percentage of humans at least once during their lifetime. When it is only a transitory thought, it does not impact the given person’s life, but suicide-related plans represent...
The concepts of self-care and self-improvement can be interpreted differently. While some people believe that they imply mastering professional skills, others are confident that emotional well-being is more important. If a person makes no efforts to improve or worsens his or her current position, the cost of such behaviors can...
The field of counseling psychology has begun to integrate scientific principles into the social aspect. Science-practice integration has brought forward the concept of utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP). When it comes to its applicability to practice, scientific thinking requires decisions to be made from the best available research evidence; hence, judgments...
Human beings are expected to make decisions daily, mostly based on moral reasoning. Unlike other species, human beings are faced with moral and ethical challenges that demand logical and moral reasoning. People make different decisions in similar circumstances, an issue that has been a debate for many years. The question...
In “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”, published in an online magazine The Atlantic on July 1, 2008, Nicholas Carr explains the significant effect the Internet has on cognitive patterns and behavior. Providing evidence from his own and others’ experiences, as well as citing conducted studies and historical accounts, Carr builds...
In this essay, I would like to discuss how a person’s mind and body are affected by almost getting in a car accident due to heavy rain while driving home on a busy highway with a lot of traffic. Many drivers had a situation at least once in their lives...
One can put more study hours, but it does not necessarily imply that they are understanding the study material. Effective study can mean having efficient and brief study sessions that ultimately improve performance and study outcomes. Various ways to study more effectively include setting oneself up for achievement, studying smarter,...
Background The cognitive approach of the human being primarily comprises sensation, recall, reasoning, and knowledge reproduction. Therefore, cognitive psychology examines how these characteristics of the human mind combine to generate knowledge. This paper aims to summarize two experiments: Understanding emotions in text using deep learning and big data (Chatterjee et...
Fundamental attribution error happens when a person believes that others’ behavior reflects who they are when in reality people’s actions are impacted by many factors. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation that the person believes to be true, which in end helps them to fulfill it. Cognitive dissonance is a...
Personal Introduction of Childhood – Adolescence Speaking about my early years, I would not say that these life stages were filled with constant stress or troubles causing enormous emotional suffering. Raised in a two-parent family with two siblings, I received enough care and attention just like many of my peers...
Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget largely contributed to developmental psychology and education, notably exploring children’s learning styles and mental abilities. While Piaget’s theory of cognitive development postulates that children develop by interacting with their environment, Vygotsky’s approach focuses on the social and cultural aspects of a child’s life (Woolfolk, 2016)....
Kenneth Clark is a psychologist who was born in the Panama Canal Zone. At the age of five, his parents divorced, and Miriam, his mother, took him and his younger sister, Beulah, to Harlem. According to Barker, “Kenneth played a key role in increasing understanding of racism, its impact on...
Sophia is a seven-year-old client diagnosed with autism spectrum (ASD) disorder at the age of 5. She has significant difficulties in completing assignments whenever her mother does not supervise her. The parents are also concerned about the decreased social interactions in their child. She lives in the suburbs of the...
I interviewed Mr. Lou, who is a school counselor, and collected the following information. On the director’s job site, Mr. Lou implements counseling programs and integrates them with the school curriculum. He is also responsible for hiring and firing school counselors, supervising their works, and conducting performance appraisals on their...
Introduction As man goes along in his journey on earth, he encounters different colours of the rainbow which can be ignored at times, but which are a great influence on his activities and behaviour. Colour does not only shape our perception of things but our activities and human relationships. Children...
How psychological factors impact dealing with health, behavior, and chronic illness Human overall health and the attitudes toward it are driven by a multitude of factors, among which the psychological ones play a significant role. While human tendency to inherit particular diseases or health particularities is validated by biological factors,...
Persuasion has become an important part of modern life. It is used to achieve goals and desires and can be intentional. However, people tend to use different methods and approaches to get similar results. Persuasive tools, practices, and skills are used, learned, and trained by some people to perform specific...
Introduction Considering that the 21st century can be characterized as the period of social awakening and upheaval, people with various backgrounds aim to get acquainted with the world in the most appropriate manner. In order to achieve this goal, they usually ask for help from counselors. In turn, social workers...
Summary Many people are not aware of their personalities and characteristics. In turn, it has led to an increase in the number of people struggling to accept themselves and live better lives. Self-awareness has helped in many different ways. It has enabled me to be better at decision-making by knowing...
Test Instrument Description Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders that are characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and the presence of limited, repetitive behaviors or interests. Currently, the prevalence of ASD has increased significantly, and, according to various researchers, it is at least 1.5%...
Brief Review and Analysis At an early stage, children are aware of death even though they have little understanding of it. Death has become a popular theme in television and cartoon networks. For instance, with the increasing cases of COVID-19 infection, associated deaths are reported on local television channels daily....
The halo effect is one of the cognitive biases that indicate how an individual’s overall impression influences how others feel and think about them. For instance, a person who is considered ‘nice’ influences other evaluations, such as smartness. A single attribute can persuade people of all other aspects of a...
Statement of Problem/Purpose of Paper Family therapy is a subset of counseling that focuses on familial relationships between family members, couples, and parents and children. In contrast to individual treatment, it is based on using the relations inside families to address the issues with which they may be concerned. One...
The parent-child relationship refers to the enduring and strong bond between children and their caregivers. The social, emotional, and physical parent-child interaction illustrates the type of connection they have (Johnson et al., 2007). These associations determine the child’s future and their interaction with other people. For example, children whose basic...
Human development is a complex and multicomponent process, which, at first glance, is challenging to evaluate. However, it can be characterized by assessing development within four domains: physical, cognitive, social, and emotional (Berk, 2018). Nevertheless, this task is complicated due to the interconnectedness of all aspects. Physical parameters can influence...
Introduction and Rationale Nursing practice includes working with various types of patients to whom an individual approach is most often needed. A crucial parameter is to understand and cure the cause of the infection to eradicate the disease. In this essay, I would like to discuss the patient admitted to...
Introduction Adolescents and small children encounter various challenges and events that tend to disorient their life experiences. Such individuals are usually vulnerable and have higher chances of experiencing traumatic situations and events. This discussion examines this problem and how it affects African American children. The analysis outlines some of the...
Abstract Counselor impairment and wellness is a current issue affecting the counseling industry. Counselors are trained to restore hope, and, therefore, most of them do not seek help from other professionals. Counseling impairment, if poorly handled, affects the clients and disturbs the counselor. Misconducts in the counseling industry have increased...
Events are studied within the context in which they occur while focusing on connections and relationships. Central to this theory is the idea that the whole is always considered greater than the sum of its parts, that each part can only be understood in the context of the whole, that...
It is not an uncommon view that delusions render a person inadequate or even dangerous for society. However, not all delusions result in an adverse experience, despite being often provoked by it. Delusions can be defined as an error in judgment that persists despite the opposing evidence (Bebbington & Freeman,...
Introduction Psychological and other aspects of the pandemic are currently the most discussed topic both in the media and among scientists in various fields. The pandemic contributes to the manifestation of destructive mental reactions in healthy people, including anxiety, fear, phobia, obsession, and depression, as well as a distorted perception...
The article “The social context of delinquent conduct” by Nicholas Elmer, Stephen Reicher, and Andrew Ross was published in 1987 in The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. This paper presents the authors’ research on the antisocial behavior of individuals and the effects of their social surroundings on its occurrence....
Raising a child, taking care of their health and well–being is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of discipline and persistence from parents. As practice shows, even in well-off families, where parents experience sincere love and affection for their children, such forms of influence on the child as corporal...
To begin with, there are four main generally accepted classifications of forensic psychologists: actuarial, advisory, clinical, and experimental. Based on their preferences, people could choose the closest to their demands profession connected with a specific psychology field of study or practice. To my way of thinking, experimental forensic psychology is...
Psychoanalytic Theory This theory was advanced by Sigmund Freud. It states that the human behavior is determined by the sexual and aggressive drives that result from irrational forces, instincts, and the subconscious (Sulloway, 1992). Given these considerations, human behavior can be determined. Therefore, from the factors that determine the behavior...
Nowadays, there is a variety of sources providing information about deviance and crime. I usually get information about these issues from TV programs, specialized YouTube channels, publications in social media, and websites. Deviance describes any conduct, trait, or belief that breaches social norms in a certain society or group. Deviance...
Introduction This situation describes several problems and a few bad news e-mails that Henry Lai receives. It is rather challenging to determine one common problem of these letters; after all, not all the problems voiced in the situation resulted from this person’s guilt. However, Henry Lai still had several errors...
Abstract This paper will shed some light on the biographical setting of psychiatric specialist Carl Jung; get to know how he went about his profession. Also, by looking at his reasoning and how he made connections in psychology and religion, we can learn more on how these two fields are...
Introduction Adolescence is a delicate and exploratory time in life. These formative years are instrumental in a young person’s mental, physical, and emotional development. The implications of technological advancements within the cyber world have had a growing negative impact on this specific age group. Constant interaction defines this generation as...
Late adulthood, perhaps, can be called the most controversial stage in human life. People in this period of life are full of knowledge and experience but practically do not have the opportunity to realize them. In addition, there is a double attitude in society towards older people. Although they are...
Introduction Filial therapy is the foundation for the CPRT and includes parent meetings to provide mutual support in parenting. Parent-child therapy is a play-based parenting education model. It also includes parent meetings and child play training. The correct play format is critical as play is a safe environment for children...
The 2014 ACA code of conduct section A.4.b talks about personal values. Every counselor should not impose their values, beliefs, behaviors, or attitudes; instead, they ought to respect their clients’ diversity. Every individual has values and beliefs that they relate to, and as a counselor, I have to strive every...
Introduction The Henning’s is a family of five people. Jeffrey who is 68 and Michelle aged 66 are the parents. They have been married since 1984 and they have two daughters, Julia who is 28, and Sarah, and a son, David. The entire family stays in Detroit, Michigan, except Julia...
The instances in which people choose to lie to themselves due to the presence of social conditioning and pressure typically slip under the radar. However, considering these situations closer is important in order to discover the ways of self-improvement and, ultimately, a path to a better and happier life. In...
Introduction Crisis intervention is a type of psychotherapy practiced mainly in acute, dangerous situations such as drug overdose, suicide attempts, and episodes of major depression. Often this intervention is carried out over the phone or at special centers staffed by paraprofessionals. In a comprehensive sense, it means any activity that...
It goes without saying that pretend play is immeasurably significant for a child’s development. Multiple studies address the positive impact of this activity on small learners’ literacy, mathematical thinking, and language and scientific skills (“Pretend Play-tulsaworld.com”). At the same time, pretend play contributes to children’s ability to express their ideas,...
Population and Problem Selected The selected population is adolescents. It can be argued that adolescents are individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years. At the beginning of this age bracket, many individuals start to acknowledge their unique features. This is further enhanced by physical growth as the human...
Abstract This paper applies the ethical decision-making model to solve the dilemma of a particular scenario. It discusses if using the client base of private counseling to sell homeopathic remedies was an appropriate decision or not. The approach of the scenario’s character creates an ethical dilemma that needs to be...
Introduction James Mangold’s film “The Girl, Interrupted” was based on the autobiographical book by Susanna Kaysen, who spent two years in a psychiatric hospital. This is the story of a fifteen-year-old girl who spent one year in a psychiatric hospital after trying to commit suicide. The film takes place in...
I chose the Jane Elliott experiment “The Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment” for this task. I believe that the main problems are some incitements to humiliation by “privileged” children of a group of outsiders and the lack of consent to the passage of this experiment. That directly contradicts Principle...
Machiavelli’s works remain relevant due to the many valuable ideas and theses that have no time frame. In his treatise The Prince, he reveals the difficulties and necessities that a new prince has to face and overcome to achieve greatness and recognition. Mansfield analyzes the ideas of Machiavelli and notes...
Introduction Over recent years, professional identity and development counseling has become crucial in contemporary society. This paper summarizes studies and podcasts highlighting professional identity’s importance, relevant components, and associated challenges. Additionally, it has a chart outlining the essential statutory requirements relating to my subject of study as well as an...
Introduction Poly-substance abuse as an effect of Depression comes along with conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity. All these are mental illnesses. Of the depression disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common concomitant of poly-substance abuse that is a result of substance dependence. Substance abuse among adolescents can be...
The policy of the agency should include a set of features for promoting trauma-informed care. As a human service professional, I would suggest that the first key component that should be included in the policy is empowerment. Butler et al. (2019) indicate that continuous empowerment and advocacy for vulnerable and...
Depression and other mental conditions are highly prevalent among adolescents, youth, and adults in America. Unfortunately, most treatment initiatives prove unfruitful because psychologists do not tackle the root causes of these conditions or the physical, social, and environmental factors promoting them. For example, psychological violence, especially during childhood, is classified...
Annotated Bibliography Archer, G., Pinto Pereira, S., & Power, C. (2017). Child maltreatment as a predictor of adult physical functioning in a prospective British birth cohort. BMJ Open, 7(10), e017900. Web. The study examines the direct relationship between childhood trauma and the character of physical functioning long into adulthood on...
Summary Shaping and chaining is an excellent technique that can be used to teach a new skill. There is a wide array of skills that can be taught using this strategy. While it can be difficult for some to learn a skill, others may not experience such difficulties. Schunk (2020)...
The decision-making strategies employed by the human mind are complex, but some researchers, such as Cialdini, identified key shortcuts that influence them. Consequently, numerous studies demonstrated that companies actively employ Cialdini persuasion shortcuts even within the digital environment. One of the studies by Zakharova (2020) found that in the sector...
The sexual life of a person is still a taboo topic for numerous people, and some individuals avoid gaining any new knowledge about it. Nevertheless, currently, the internet offers thousands of reliable sources on sex, and there are even educational quizzes dedicated to the subject. “The Ultimate Sex Quiz” is...
Introduction Background and Overview Although it is an important part of the healthcare and social support systems, the counseling process is normally uncertain and ambiguous and can create anxiety and vulnerability for the practitioners. Developing a good understanding of the self encompasses a unique process of both emotional and experiential...
People do not spend time thinking about the meaning of their fears. Often, fear is seen as a negative emotion that has to be defeated. Since it is viewed as a weakness, people focus on conquering their fears rather than seeking to understand their meaning. Additionally, human beings have an...
In 2019, a scientific article titled “Mindfulness on-the-go: Effects of a mindfulness meditation app on work stress and well-being” was published in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology by an American-British team of researchers led by Bostock. It is essential to note the profile orientation of the authoritative journal, which...
Introduction Currently, the workplace plays a crucial role in boosting an institution’s economic output. Thus, this is mainly due to individual employees’ effectiveness, for whom their net contributions amount up to the required type of growth that an organization desires. The nature of the two types of motivation (intrinsic and...
In the modern world, more and more attention is paid to the study of the learning process and the development of the most effective educational techniques. This trend becomes especially important with the spread of the concept of machine learning and the search for new non-standard approaches. Cognitive researchers are...
The reviewed articles were chosen for several reasons. First, they explore different topics in the field of counseling psychology. Second, the articles are recent (published within the last 5 years), and they provide current information on the topics covered. Third, they are a mixture of both scientific studies and professional...
The psychology of risk underlies the understanding and study of various mental perceptions that determine bodily responses to situations that are deemed risky, spanning a risk’s impact recognition and frameworks for making judgments. As a result, the techniques and measures taken are often more objective. They are dependent upon the...
For my final project, I chose a complex theme – psychological help to refugee children. Victims are confused, and refugees and displaced persons need psychological help. As in any emergency, psychological support is one of the essential components in stabilizing the situation. This theme shaped the nature of my entire...
The social science lens focuses on interpersonal relationships and human interactions with social environments. The social sciences encompass a diverse group of disciplines, including political theory, anthropology, sociology, and psychology, addressing the issue of mental wellness from different perspectives. Sociologists and political scientists investigate the role of mental wellness in...
Communication Emotional intelligence (EI) is one’s ability to effectively and correctly perceive, manage, and regulate emotions, and to use that information to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously. EI is embedded in culture, and according to Mohammed (2018), culture affects people’s perception of what constitutes intelligence behavior. The capacity to properly regulate...
Attachment in humans is something each person develops during their childhood. By being close to their parents, being cared for, and interacted with, infants learn to be involved with other people. I think that the most fascinating thing about attachment is that it can be universally observed from every individual....
Human development depends on many internal and external factors and events that affect an entire life. For this reason, scientists have created many developmental theories to explain how certain events or characteristics shape personality from different points of view. In this paper, I will analyze my life in terms of...
Attachment Theory Primarily, Antwone’s traumas began after he was born: his mother was incarcerated, which did not let her take care of Antwone. Moreover, Fisher could never meet his biological father because his ex-girlfriend murdered him (Fisher & Rivas, 2002). It implies that the attachment between Antwone and his parents...
The scholarly article “Applying Developmental Theory and Research to the Creation of Educational Games” in the New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development introduces the history of the developmental theory and principles applied to software for children, which was first made by Seymour Papert. Papert used the approach to modern...
Steve Jobs presented a memorable speech that has been used for academic purposes for several years. At the commencement speech at Stanford, Jobs (2005, 0:04:58- 0:05:16) narrates his story and says, “Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was...
