The prisoner’s dilemma is an exemplary two-parties game inspected in-game theory. It demonstrates why two or more parties may fail to collaborate even though they should to achieve the best common result. The involved parties follow the Nash plan, which hinders the achievement of the best possible outcome. The dilemma...
Introduction Working alliances is a relationship between a patient and a counselor with the hope of psychologically benefitting the client. Alliances express the extent to which the two parties are engaged in collaborative work. The bond, the mission, and the objectives are the three components of functioning cooperation. Tasks are...
Introduction Relational dialectics may be regarded as a specific concept within the theories of communication. Introduced in 1996 by professors Barbara Montgomery and Leslie Baxter, Rational Dialectics Theory (RDT) focuses on ongoing tensions between contradictory impulses people constantly experience being in close relationships (West & Turner, 2021). In general, the...
Individual terrorism is a combination of psychological and behavioral factors that lead to the gradual radicalization of a person. Various models describe the stages of this process, but they all converge on describing the same basic principles. In particular, social, political, and personal events form a response to them, which...
Physically impaired people and their relationships with sports are traditionally associated with rehabilitation periods. Nevertheless, the benefit of sports for disabled people has been proved not only on physical but also psychological levels. Physical activities helped increase muscular strength, improve balance and mobility, and increase maximum oxygen consumption (Valliant, Bezzubyk,...
Abstract This counseling group explores the numerous dimensions of a developing female adolescent identity while also encouraging a high degree of self-esteem. Adolescence is a period of life defined by significant identity issues and low self-esteem, especially for females (Pringle et al., 2016). As a result, this 12-week counseling group...
The rising cases of mental and behavioral disorders across all patient populations call for implementing the appropriate interventions. Mental health experts and researchers have invested time and funds in numerous research projects to determine the most effective treatment options for such patients. In its various forms, cognitive-behavioral therapy has gained...
A military family is a special alliance in which all members subordinate their lives to military duty. It is a relatively specific social group, for which, along with the functions and problems common to any family, peculiarities due to military service are inherent. The tension in such a family is...
In most cases, the phrase âThe ends justify the meansâ is associated with the justification of unethical, immoral, and illegal actions if the outcome is profitable for the people involved. Niccolò Machiavelli who had introduced these words frequently mentioned them in the same context in his works, stating that doers...
Introduction Many internal and external influences can define an individualâs life and success. However, as most external factors are principally out of oneâs control, it can be asserted that internal elements have the principal effect on a personâs endeavors and efforts. In particular, emotional intelligence has a meaningful impact on...
Experimental research design is aimed at studying the causal relationships between two variables. Most often, two variables are used: the independent or influence variable, and the dependent, which is the one that is being influenced. Experimental research design suggests that the independent variable will have some influence on the dependent...
Introduction Reflection plays an important role in continuous personal and professional development. The practice involves utilizing acquired knowledge rather than reciting what has been learned (Cameron, 2016). Hicks et al. (2019) conquer that the feelings and thoughts emerging from pondering about the situation enable people to generate new concepts. This...
This paper provides a brief critique of Chapters 7 and 8 of the book by Persons (2008) entitled The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. The reviewed chapters dwell upon the use of formulation to create a treatment plan and the use of relationship in CBT (cognitive-behavior therapy). In this...
How the idea of an explanatory style explains psychological disorders The explanatory style is a psychological trait that allows individuals to offer similar explanations for different events using either an optimistic or pessimistic approach. It is advantageous in that an optimistic perspective facilitates healing. However, a pessimistic approach tends to...
Creativity is critical to art therapy because it helps the client-artist to develop a critical insight into their emotions, feelings, and thoughts. The art therapist focuses on creating a non-threatening, therapeutic environment which helps the clients to express and understand their emotions, feelings, and thoughts through the creative process (Kuban,...
An accusation of child molestation is an extremely serious one and needs to be addressed carefully. Suppressing a memory of a traumatic event, especially at a young age, is considered a defense mechanism. Today, an increasing number of cognitive psychologists believe repressed memories are genuine and can be recovered (Engelhard...
Introduction The use of visual images for the objective assessment of a patientâs behavioral patterns and tendencies was one of the invaluable contributions of Hermann Rorschach. The proposed system allowed for conducting brief experiments in practically any setting and its simplicity was added to the confirmed reliability of the tests...
Introduction As children grow and develop, they might face problems related to their psychological well-being, learning, and socialization. Therefore, to evaluate the assets and weaknesses of a certain person, it is essential to take into consideration psychological testing and assessment. By getting information about school-age children and youth’s behavioral and...
Introduction The outcome of counselling is strongly dependent on the communication abilities of a therapist. Psychotherapy allows creating interpersonal relationships between counsellors and patients to improve the psychological state of the latter (Soma et al., 2020). Indeed, establishing a therapeutic alliance with clients is essential for creating an emotionally comfortable...
Current Personal Theory The existential theory has been entirely instrumental in informing me on how to assist others as a counselor effectively. It focuses on various phenomena in peopleâs lives, such as freedom, death, responsibility, loneliness, anxiety, and the general meaning of life. The approach is based on six aspects:...
Introduction Transitioning from the military into civilian life is commonly associated with painful experiences and dramatic outcomes. Many former service members admit having issues with becoming accustomed to a peaceful lifestyle. Some of them feel unneeded, whereas others feel underappreciated or misunderstood. Military and civilian agencies collaborate to meet transitioning...
The video is an outstanding illustration of cognitive behavioral therapy, where the key concepts demonstrated in the video revolve around emotions, thoughts, and behavior, which are disputations and collaborative empiricism (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). The main objective is to identify the link or relationship between these elements of the human...
Introduction Neuropsychology is an area of psychology that studies the relationships between the brain and the mind and how they affect behavioral control. The traditional approach in neuropsychology involved looking for connections between brain injuries and psychological abnormalities. However, this approach has since changed with the advancement of theoretical models...
Introduction Assisting military personnel in training resiliency and coping with stress and anxiety is a crucial task in view of potential health risks, in particular, mental disorders. The case of John, a 29-year-old military man who has just returned from a zone of armed conflict, proves that a person faced...
The Stanford Experiment is a world-famous experiment conducted by Stanford students and researchers. This team was led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo, Ph.D. They embarked on a journey to determine the psychological effects of being a prisoner as well as a prison guard. The study was supposed to run for...
Introduction Group psychotherapy is a modern way of treating psychological problems. It is a form of psychotherapy that implies creating a special group of people determined to meet regularly under the control of a psychologist (Courtois & Ford, 2009). The aims of such meetings are finding an appropriate solution to...
Adolescent age is the period of a tempestuous development of the personality. A person gradually gains valuable life experience which has a formative influence on his/her behavioral patterns and moral judgments. To investigate teenagers’ moral development, I studied hypothetic actions that a young man would take in case he faces...
There are situations when several psychological tests, which are relatively similar to one another, can yield very different results. For example, one can speak about Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory, perceived stress scale, and wellness worksheet. It is often assumed that they can throw light on the emotional wellbeing of a...
Purpose of the Project Similar to physical pain, psychological distress has a significant effect on peopleâs everyday lives. People who go through the psychological pain cycle experience a consistent worsening of their mental health. Nonetheless, it is possible that some factors improve or worsen peopleâs threshold for being susceptible to...
I agree with opinions stated in a number of ways. For instance, I also believe that any generalised IQ test cannot reveal the future performance of an individual. Trull and Prinstein (2012) stress that these tests show present knowledge of a person. At the same time, it can be more...
Introduction Intelligence is an integral component with regard to human undertakings in social settings. It facilitates survival in various situations that characterize contemporary society. In light of these realities, experts have designed tests to determine an individual intelligence quotient. Such tests empower people towards realizing strengths and weaknesses in diverse...
Adlerian therapy is based on socio-psychological and goal oriented views of human nature. According to Ferguson (2008), Adler dwells more on personality unity; while Ferguson (2007) explains in detail the forceful nature of human behavior, particularly considers the direction individuals strive to go to be more important than where they...
Feminist View of Human Nature Feminist therapy assists in discovering the hidden effects of gender, power, and bias particularly on interpersonal relationships (Corey, 2007). Feminist theory is no different from other postmodern theories as it looks at how knowledge interpreted and owned in a specific culture. The approach has enhanced...
Discussion The basic purpose of psychoanalysis therapy is to explore those aspects of the individual self that are hidden. Shedler (2008) describes several distinguishing features of psychoanalytic therapy, and these include: one, the therapy explores and discusses in depth client emotions. Counselors assist clients to describe and translate words to...
Existential therapy involves the analysis of a clientâs existence in conjunction with the universe. The client assumes ultimate responsibility for his or her behaviors of free will (Steger, 2005). The therapy is based on the analysis of existential processes that enable clients from diverse backgrounds to interpret their social and...
Nowadays, it is evident that people have particular prejudices, which stimulate them to favor some things, pastimes or people unconsciously. Such an occasion regards a wide range of events, processes, and identifications. For instance, people tend to associate science occupation with male professionals than with the female ones (Banaji, et...
In Gestaltâs therapy, counselors assume that clients are capable of changing for the better if they are made to understand well what occurs within their environments (Ferguson, 2007). Gestaltâs approach emphasizes on the clientâs self awareness for them to change for the better (Shedler, 2008). The theoryâs perception of personality...
View of Human Nature and Basic characteristics Shedler (2008) states that the Reality approach depends on the fact that all individuals are responsible for what they select to perform. The basic assumption of the approach being that, individuals can only control their lives in the current moment. In essence, reality...
Introduction Depression, as an obsessive mental disorder, has already been profoundly examined by many psychologists and other scholars. Depending on their severity, the symptoms of depression can comprise a loss of interest in the enjoyed activities, increased fatigue, a sense of worthlessness or sadness, and even thoughts of suicide. Nevertheless,...
Reality therapy has become of the core counseling theories being taught globally applied in clinical and counseling settings. Reality therapy is also applied to clients affected by illnesses that are catastrophic (Weisler, 2006), clients facing financial management issues (Mottern, 2006), and athletes (Klug, 2006), and other articles. Reality therapy emphasizes...
Wellbeing and happiness of others have always been high on my list of priorities since I was in school. My practical experience with peers living in poverty, as well as my theoretical research in psychology and sociology, helped me to get a picture of a social worker I would like...
Introduction The concept of psychology is essential since it is applicable in different fields, such as health, counseling, forensics, school, and industrial organizations. Assessments in these disciplines can result in specific violations that might affect the experiences of the targeted subjects. Such occurrences require immediate solutions to improve the integrity...
Organizational behavior is the systematic study and application of knowledge in understanding how individual persons and groups conduct themselves within the organization setting. It is a multidisciplinary field of research largely applied with the aim of impacting the performance of an organization and its staff (Chopra, 2018). Moreover, it can...
Training Objectives The objective of this module is for the trainee to understand the complexities of unconscious bias, its influence on behavior, and consequences for the workplace. The module consists of a theoretical background, video scenarios, interactive exercises, and opportunities for reflection and discussion among participants. The key outcome of...
Burnout refers to âa syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do âpeople workâ of some kindâ (Noosorn & Wongwat, 2010 p. 18). It is a process which commences with excessive as well as prolonged job stress levels. This process becomes complete...
One of the main challenges in business is successful human resource management. Entrepreneurs and executives must find the balance between employees’ needs and organizational performance, thus selecting appropriate strategies and tactics of human resource management. Understanding human psychology in greater depth could assist me in becoming an agent of change...
End-of-life issues are accompanied by ethical considerations, and their inclusion in the matter is critical. According to the researchers, the evolution of medical science contributes to the development of methods allowing individuals to make decisions on their care (Karnik & Kanekar, 2016). However, this situation is complicated by the inability...
Media violence is an unlawful act of an individual fostered by frequent viewing and participation in media games. Research carried out link aggressive behavior of children to the films they watch and the video games they play. According to psychologists, things learnt through visions tend to stick in children brains...
The development of a counseling intervention plan is a delicate process that involves data assessment procedures and designing treatment plans, which consider a multitude of factors. The initial stage of the treatment process needs to involve the assessment of relevant educational, career, social, and personal development. In addition, personality and...
Type of Group The group is a support community for health care workers, who have suffered the loss of a loved one (a family member, a friend, etc.) due to coronavirus. A lot of medical professionals have experienced exposure to high levels of death, which might have affected their families...
Psychopathology is the study of mental illness and distress. There are various symptoms of mental illness and all of them include engaging in abnormal behavior. Psychopathology is related to psychiatry because of its involvement in the assessment of experiences and behavior manifestation of individuals suspected of suffering from mental illnesses....
Introduction American Psychological Association [APA] approximates that about 90% of all animal subjects used in psychological animal experiments use rodents or birds. Research Involving Human Subjects In this case, the IRB review the psychologist research proposals involving human participants to ascertain that they are within the stipulated guidelines. The IRB...
Each living human being has a personal experience which, together with actions, beliefs, and desires, is passed on to the next generations. Many psychologists in different times tried to describe the formation and development of an individual personality in the most detailed way, but each of them looked at it...
The film âTin Cupâ is chosen as the film for analysis in this paper. The main character, Roy McAvoy, showed great promise in golf in his youth, but then he gave up his career as an athlete. He begins to earn money by giving individual golf lessons. At this moment,...
Addressing mental health issues in adolescents should be seen as one of the key priorities in public mental health since the specified group can be described as rather vulnerable and, therefore, highly prone to the development of comorbid issues. For instance, social anxiety is quite common in teenagers and, therefore,...
Various methods and techniques of promoting or preventing certain behaviors exist in modern psychology. Positive reinforcement is one of the methods that implies providing some kind of reward for the successful completion of a particular action. It helps to motivate specific patterns in behavior and instill good habits. However, the...
Introduction The process of learning and memory are two intertwined aspects of the human mindset that incorporate critical changes in one’s behavior arising from the experience of interacting with the surrounding world. As described by Gluck, Mercado & Myers (2016), memory serves as the record of past experiences acquired as...
According to the APA guidelines, psychology practice requires empirically sound and ascertainable principles of evidence for complete admissibility in court. Perhaps, the high quality of evidence expected within any legal court explains the reason for the existent of stringent frameworks to guard the practice. Informal examinations are not admissible within...
Criminal profiling is a critical tool in the practice of forensic psychology. The validity of criminal profiling remains significant in the tracing of expert criminals and their consequent prosecution. This is because it is apparent that there are expert criminals who develop the habit with time and camouflage through various...
Military psychologists end up in multiple roles in their daily activities, for instance, many a time many military psychologists end up in circumstantial dual chores, that is serving as therapists-clinicians and at the same time as military officers. Despite their similarity in roles with the civilian psychologists, military psychologists differ...
The Study Methodology Data Collection The study will be experimental and quantitative based on a wide variety of samples. The data will mainly be collected online through the application of any method. The quantitative study will correlate psychological capital with the quality of life of African-Americans. The experimental study will...
Generally, the juvenile code is the Juvenile Court Code of Georgia State. This code is codified within Chapter 11 with Title 15 of Georgia’s official Code. It is observable that this code institutes different courts for hearing cases relating to children. Notably, these courts deal elementarily with deprivation, delinquency as...
Classical conditioning involves a learning process that associates environmental inducements with naturally occurring stimuli. Advertisers and Politicians should not use classical conditioning to influence thoughts and behaviors because it is spontaneous, and individuals have no control over it. They are likely to manipulate consumers and voters’ minds for their benefit....
Media psychology is a discipline that seeks to comprehend the manner in which individuals perceive, interpret, apply, and respond to the media-dominated world. Through this discipline, media psychologists are able to identify the key benefits as well as challenges and enhance the development of constructive media (Fischoff, 2005). It is...
Introduction Psychology is defined as the study of human behaviors including the functions and processes of the mind in relation to the social and physical environment. Organizational psychologists specialize in facilitating effective group interaction by suggesting to them the best communication methods, how to channel their needs within the organization,...
Introduction There are different research methods like a case study, naturalistic observation, correlation research, survey research and experimental methods used for psychological research. Each method has its own merits and demerits. This paper makes a comparative study of two of the above methods, namely, case study method and survey research...
People have always been concerned about knowledge and the way this knowledge can be obtained. In that sense, one of the main points of interest in knowledge is the truth and based on what means this truth can be reliable. In that context, as human senses were considered as part...
Introduction This paper would seek to examine an important branch or division of psychology; educational psychology. âThe branch of psychology that specializes in understanding teaching and learning in educational settings (Santrock, 2001, p.6). It is a type of psychoanalysis which aids in the process of learning itself as the person...
Coined by Arnold Mitchell, the term VALS⢠is a property of SRI International (Bhasin). This psychometric approach is used to forecast peopleâs values and attitudes based on their demographics and beliefs (âAbout VALSâ˘â). According to the framework, eight types of VALS⢠are identified: âinnovators, thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers, makers,...
Abstract This paper investigates the ethical issues that characterize group therapy and personal therapy. It shows that both types of therapies have unique ethical challenges that affect counselor-client relationships. Evidences from this paper also show that confidentiality, informed consent, and dangerous group behaviors are some ethical issues that characterize group...
Introduction The recent years has seen an increase in competition among companies and organization. This has led to the need for businesses to ensure their performances to be able to survive the market. As such, there has also been the need for them to enhance motivation among their employees to...
My Example First of all, I would like to point out that experiential hospitality is one of the key issues, which people are to think about while communicating with each other. In other words, experiential hospitality allows people to build warm relationships and create meaningful experiences. Of course, there is...
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to examine basic concepts of environmental psychology. It covers the definition and an important influence or a milestone and the relevance of such a milestone in the field of environmental psychology. The field of environmental psychology has concentrated on human influences on the...
Abstract Organizations need to maintain a healthy working environment to motivate workers. This report seeks to analyze critically the monetary and non-monetary factors that motivate employees. To achieve this, the report uses Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two-factor theory to study the impact of motivation on employee’s productivity. It...
Introduction Psychologists’ involvement in military interrogations is a significant issue that received national attention in the United States after the Hoffman report was made public in 2015. According to the report, many American psychologists have been involved in the so-called enhanced interrogation of detainees during the U.S. War on Terror...
Introduction Research methodologies are founded on fundamental concepts as keys to data interpretation. A research methodology portrays the utilization of key instruments and tools to reach a respondent, who can provide an answer to a particular identified phenomenon. Various methods have been used for study over the years, and every...
Psychology is a field that involves the study of how the brain works and the causes of human behavior (Eysenck, 2000). The main goal of psychology is to understand the behaviors of individuals at different levels. A professional who practices in this field is known as a psychologist (Eysenck, 2000)....
Hypnosis refers to the state of trance-formed experience and enhanced susceptibility. Under certain aspects, hypnotized people fall asleep. Nevertheless, some of the aspects of peopleâs behavior contradict the notion of hypnosis because people are often attentive to the hypnotistâs offerings, which can a be absurd and irrational. Despite their obedience...
