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Introduction Depression can be treated with the help of exercise therapy (1). There is some evidence on the topic (2), but additional research is required as well (1). The proposed study will compare the effectiveness of different types of training in managing the symptoms of depression; the therapy will also...
The case of the Logan family can be considered one of the “classic” examples of ageism. It involves a family with separated parents, who try to find a solution to the problematic situation their child has gotten into. The major problem is that not only do they not consider each...
On the life path, people play various roles in different situations, becoming either leaders or subordinates. In particular, I felt this distribution of roles during my school years. Even though this cannot be called full-fledged work, school is one of the most influential organizations in human life. I would like...
Introduction Many underage children experience numerous challenges that have the potential to affect their future goals in life. Bullying is one of such predicaments that can take different shapes depending on age, location, and race. Psychologists and experts in child development recommend the introduction of superior measures to identify possible...
Abstract Stereotyping is a normal intrinsic human behavior. Humans have a propensity to judge based on other experiences and rumors. As a result, we end up making numerous mistakes when dealing with other people. This behavior is very dangerous, especially in a working place where different kinds of people are...
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe and conceptualize the problem of the Williams family. The two parents are Antonio, a Cuban American, and Terri, who has Italian and German roots. They have three young children living with them: Jose aged 4, Jerrodd aged 3, and a four...
Importance of Pavlov Work In the current world, Pavlovs Classical Conditioning Theory remains of relevance. It was a simple experiment on how dogs salivated with bell ringing but it has opened the world eyes on Conditional Learning (Mayers, 2008). In fact, Conditional Learning follows Pavlov’s procedure of using unconditioned stimulus...
Employees who work in the sphere of business and economics often face numerous situations that require their ability to identify and solve various problems. As a rule, this process is maintained in a particular ordinary way, but sometimes workers perform the behavior that is unusual for them. They may perceive...
Introduction Mental health among US citizens is one of the central concerns for the US healthcare system. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2019), nearly one in five adult Americans (46.6 million in 2017) has psychological disorders. Therefore, finding ways to decrease this number is of extreme...
Introduction The assessed client comes from a family that consists of mother, grandmother, and two children. The client’s mother provided all the requested information. Demographics of client and Family Members Client (Target Child). Age Seven years Gender Female Ethnicity Latino Nationality Argentine Citizenship status Intermediate Preferred language English Living situation...
A therapist is a person who is to develop different personal and communicating skills to succeed in group therapy. It is necessary to be empathic and genuine to allow the client to con-construct the process of the therapy, staying relaxed. On the other hand, many various tasks are requiring much...
Brain Abnormality for PET The physician carrying out the experiments and the criteria for testing the functionality of the mental disorder and purposes for the personality test check reveals that there are different disorders associated with the canning. These include dementia disorder, the tumors of the brain, a condition of...
Introduction Behavioral modification is a term used to refer to the process or technique that individuals employ to induce, increase or reduce a particular variety of reactions or behavior to a stimulus. The aim of applying behavioral modification is either to encourage a particular pleasant characteristic or to discourage the...
Purpose In 2017, Goldberg conducted a thorough review of literature related to the link between counseling psychology and mindfulness and presented his analysis of the findings in the article, “Why Mindfulness Belongs in Counseling Psychology.” Counseling psychology is aimed at increasing individuals’ well-being in different ways. Many various discussions take...
Child abuse and neglect are severe issues, affecting the most vulnerable section of the population and often causing permanent trauma. As such, it is critical for a hospital worker to understand how to deal with the victims of such conduct. That means awareness of the definition, prevention, intervention, treatment and...
Introduction The theories that were put forward by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung had a substantial influence on the development of the field of psychology. Both scholars took innovative approaches to study and understand the mind and their ideas keep causing controversy even in our time. Both scholars emphasized the...
Introduction Loki is an Asgardian god, and his daily schedule involves making evil plans on capturing the world and, occasionally, attempts to translate these plans into reality. Loki described his work as very stressful. He has complicated relationship with his family and problems with the US and Asgardian law. He...
Introduction When providing the general picture of ethical principles, it is hard to deny that ethics implies behavior that correlates with justice, respectful attitude toward people, and non-violation of human rights. In the healthcare setting, ethical principles also should include beneficence, responsibility, and compliance with patients’ interests. It is possible...
The theoretical orientation of counselors depends on their characteristics and experience. One of the theoretical orientations that influenced my manner of conducting group therapy most is Client-centred orientation. This approach correlates with my attitude towards therapy – I find it necessary to be emphatic and avoid diagnostic judgments. In general,...
Abstract The main purpose of the article under analysis is the investigation of the influence of optimism on social relationships. For the purposes of this research, the authors of the article made two correlated hypotheses. The first one is the suggestion that couples, with at least one optimist, are more...
Introduction The nexus between scientific methods and the discipline of psychology cannot be gainsaid. That the two phenomena are interrelated can be confirmed through several factual assertions by the principles of science and psychology. Precisely, psychology uses several scientific methods to explain the human behaviour and the evolution of the...
In modern society, situations in which people blame victims are not uncommon. This happens when people believe that victims themselves are to blame for their failures. Examples include abused girls who are accused of provocation, although this is rarely true. However, there is a difference between strong and weak victims....
Introduction When making a highly informed decision based on the relationship of a teenager, specific models and courses of action should be taken. This kind of counseling concerns the relationship of a 17-year-old—a senior high school girl. I decided to use Kitchener’s Critical-evaluation MODEL. This model utilizes four primary principles...
The theory of sociological imagination allows looking at familiar situations from a completely different angle. Thanks to the term developed by Wright Mills, social and everyday problems of an individual can be viewed not from the standpoint of a single subject, but the point of view of complex interconnections (“1.1B,”...
Self-handicapping belongs to the number of attributional techniques that help people to prevent potential failures from severely affecting their psychological well-being and self-esteem. From a long-term perspective, self-handicapping can reduce people’s chances to fulfill their true potential. As a future specialist, I hypothesize that exploring people’s predisposition to putting obstacles...
Introduction Language and communication speech impairments affect children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. These conditions not only disturb the way one speaks and communicates with others but also influence the social integration of a person due to stigma. People with stuttering experience bullying and difficulties in forming relationships from a very...
Statement of Problem The psychological well-being of employees in the workplace is critical to avoid stress and improve employees’ performance (Vainio, 2015). According to Hiriyappa (2013), stress is inevitable in the workplace, and the effects of stress are mostly negative. Even though mild stress can enhance employees’ performance at the...
Today, more people are claimed to be the victims of depression. A half a century ago, such phenomenon as depression was far from the wide public’s attention. Moreover, the majority of people were unaware of the existence of depression. However, nowadays it is entering the life of society very actively...
True experiment Experiments are largely conducted to find out if certain phenomena exist or not. To find out this, scientists conduct studies in various ways. One of the methods of finding out the existence of a phenomenon is through true experiments. Empirically, true experiments are a technique that social scientists...
Most juvenile offenders have some characteristics, psychological symptoms, and behaviors, which differ from the ones of their peers not involved in crime. Without any doubt, it is essential to determine them to screen potential offenders effectively. Hillege et al. (2017) successfully identified seven subgroups of juvenile offenders based on their...
Assessment is based on one ultimate goal which is to solve a problem. It is an important aspect of psychology that requires strict adherence to the administrative code of conduct and rules that govern psychology (American Psychological Association, 2002). Some of these standards include substantiating findings on reports and recommendations...
Introduction The problem of substance use disorder (SUD) is getting more and more complicated nowadays. To control this grievous development in society a row of varied treatment approaches were developed. These treatment approaches are dependent on their connection to a few major theories explaining the reasons why people are affected...
Introduction There are many reasons for reading the book Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman. One of the evident causes is that this book about human behaviors and decisions was written by a laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in the field of Economic Sciences. After a year of...
Abstract Most marriages that encounter infidelity are likely to suffer from an imminent breakup. Unfortunately, little literature on the aspect exists, which presents a major setback. In this document, I will compare the different models that have been advanced by a couple of therapists. This paper also considers the role...
Controversies Regarding the Article In the article “Randomized Prevention Trail for Early Conduct Problems: Effects on Proactive Parenting and Links to Toddler Disruptive Behaviour” by Frances Gardner, Daniel Shaw, Thomas Dishon, Jenifer Burton and Lauren Supplee, the authors showcases the development stages that children go through as they grow up....
The theory of motivation is an important aspect in organizational behavior (Scott 12). It is an element that greatly affects the attitudes and levels of energy within a workforce in the workplace (Hanney 7). Hence, organizations need to factor all this if they have to maintain a well-functioning team. Scenario...
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory developed by Abraham Maslow and presented in his 1943 paper “A Theory of Human Motivation”. This theory suggests that humans are driven by a system of peculiarly organized innate needs and is still highly popular. The reason for this is that it is...
Introduction The protection of children and their rights should never slack, even when they are thought to be safe environments. Over the last two years, the Catholic church has come under a lot of criticism due to allegations of its priests sexually assaulting children in their congregation. This all began...
Introduction Repetitive behavior (RB) is one of the key symptoms of autism, which often violates children’s academic and social activity. In the completed antecedent manipulation project, it was found that the child with autism experiences tantrums when he is asked to do a task in the classroom. The interviews with...
Deviant behavior is a term that is continually changing. Various types of deviant behaviors are criminal in nature while others are not. Deviant behaviors are bizarre and unexpected acts that are destructive or abnormal in nature (Humphrey and Schmalleger 3). The term deviant behavior has two viewpoints; that is the...
People’s reaction to the loss The loss causes a lot of consequences on a human life. People cope with the loss in many ways. The reaction of people depends on their psychological state, personal abilities and the relationships with the person who has died. There are a lot of other...
My interview was with Mr. Kazam Husane-Zada. He is 67 years old, living in Bayonne and is, currently, a teacher at Irvington High School. He was born on December 11, 1943 in the city of Abadan, Iran. He does not remember when he started sitting or walking, but states that...
To be competitive in today’s business environment, every organization has to embrace change and be able to change with the current trends. Managers need to communicate to their staff the introduction of a new change in the organization and how the change will affect them (Costello, 1994). Organizations fail in...
In modern society, a person gains greater freedom in behavior and self-expression. Foundations, dogmas, norms change, as quickly as society itself. The standards of human behavior also vary – in each community in different ways depending on their culture. Although many forms of behavior that were previously interpreted as criminal...
Planning I have chosen three types of communication behavior to improve. First, I planned to improve my assertiveness by openly speaking to my boss about my needs and thoughts. The situation to apply this skill could be the Friday meeting we usually have and sharing our feedback about work there....
Behaviorism and humanism constitute fundamental theories in psychology, which renders the differences and similarities between these two dichotomous theories essential in regards to the study of psychology. The term psychology implies the scientific study of behavior. Over the last decade, educators have engaged in heated debates on the right definition...
Complaining is a common way of expressing dissatisfaction or unhappiness verbally. Every day people complain about bad weather, horrible traffic, ungrateful children, and a variety of other issues. Complainers differ depending on their circumstances and personalities. Throughout my life, I have met three different types of complainers. These include chronic...
Behavioral therapy is a type of treatment that focuses on an individual’s feelings and thought processes with the purpose of treating various psychological problems. One of the forms of behavioral therapy is cognitive-behavior therapy, which combines the practices of behavioral and cognitive theories. The strategies used in cognitive-behavior therapy can...
The rapid technological advancement nowadays tends to interfere with every aspect of human lives, creating a subject for an ongoing discussion with no consensus possible. One of the main life aspects affected by technology is interpersonal relationship. People no longer have to spend their time on face-to-face communication. The virtual...
Sexual abuse has been a predicament that many individuals have been facing. According to the researches that have been conducted, at least two out of every ten female adults have been abused sexually by the time they reach the age of eighteen years (Magolin and Vickerman, 2007). Initially, it was...
With my project, I aim to establish a better, healthier school environment for all pupils by decreasing bullying. I have chosen this topic because I believe bullying to be the most significant problem that our school system is currently facing. Bullying causes much anxiety to the victims, interferes with their...
The human mental programming is an essential part of social interactions and it facilitates behavioural patterns. The programming consists of three major levels: personality, culture and human nature. At the bottom of the human mental programming pyramid is human nature, which is a highly basic level. It is known to...
In 2008, one of the worst disasters in the country’s history hit Burma. The disaster was popularly referred to as the Cyclone Nargis, which caused landfall in some parts of the country on Friday, May 2, 2008. In the disaster, property worth millions of dollars and human lives were lost....
Lab assignment one: Synaptic transmission Different substances have the potential to influence the efficiency of neurotransmitters. Agonists are those elements that facilitate the action of transmitters while antagonists are those that reduce the effect of neurotransmitters. The black widow spider venom is an agonist while botulism in an antagonist. Both...
In the recent decade, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased as have the choices of management. However, challenges remain regarding issues associated with assessment, identification, description, and differentiation. Thus, contributing factors linked to identifying CLD children with ASD depend on the socioeconomic and ethnic settings within which...
Introduction Culture is defined as collectively agreed knowledge, experience, values, ideas, attitudes, skills, tastes, and techniques, which are passed from one generation to another. Since its inception, language has been used as a transmitting tool, conveying cultures from one generation to the other. In this regard, interpersonal skills are utilized...
A fallacy is an argument that uses invalid and inaccurate premises in making a certain assertion. Fundamentally, fallacy emanates from poor reasoning that leads to inaccurate or invalid inferences. When making arguments, people often encounter fallacies, which distort the meaning and relevance of the said. Hence, for people to apply...
Most psychotherapy researchers focus exclusively on various clinical interventions but they fail to acknowledge psychotherapists who utilize their research findings. In most cases, these researchers do not find the relevance of the experiences, skills and personality of therapists. This essay describes some of the features that psychotherapy researchers should know...
Introduction The Little Albert Experiment refers to a psychology experiment carried out by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner. The experiment, which took place in 1920, was an extension of an earlier experiment that involved the reflexive relationships of stimulus-response conditioning. This earlier experiment took place with the supervision of a...
Emotional intelligence (EQ) is an important concept that is impalpable but rather impactful. Individuals with a higher level of EQ have a better chance of navigating through social complexities and making decisions that are in line with the existing environment (Bradberry, 2020). In order for emotional intelligence to be beneficial,...
Introduction After a crisis event, people can exhibit different reactions that, to some extent, correlate with their attitude towards the event itself. Nevertheless, all of them need professional help or a program to help cope with mental issues that might arise if no intervention is administered. In the given case...
Hypothesis The hypothesis in this study is that college students, in this case, those of Kean University, are also likely to suffer from bullying just as high school students even if with varying degrees. This hypothesis is ultimately confirmed by the results of the research done that show evidence of...
Introduction A counselor can assume different roles during their career, as well as create different kinds of relationships with their client. A counselor utilizes empathy to create connections with their clients to help them resolve a crisis, while also collaborating with other workers to create new and effective techniques and...
In a number of progressive sciences, a single unifying theory, helping to explain numerous research problems within the frameworks of those sciences, exists. The field of developmental psychology is not unified by a single overarching theory which can be seen in a variety of complex explanations behind different phenomena in...
Introduction It is human nature to investigate, analyze, and comment on the already developed theories and judgments. Nowadays, the idea of disposing myths turns out to be an interesting and provocative activity as it is a good chance to evaluate evidence and share new conclusions. In this paper, attention will...
Introduction The choice of a particular theoretical orientation (the school or theory that the practitioner relies on) allows therapists to delve into the issue and better understand people and themselves. According to the results of the test, the main theories that I am guided by are behavioral and cognitive-behavioral. In...
Social psychology is a discipline that studies the impacts of humankind’s state of affairs, with a focus on how humans interpret and impact one another emotionally. More specifically, it is the methodical assessment of how individuals influence, think about, and relate to one another. Social psychology is still a new...
Introduction People happen to experience, evaluate and react to similar environments in different ways, which starts from the moment of birth. Extravert children tend to strive after people and occurrences around them, whereas introvert children tend to ignore them. A shrill voice evoking a touchy girl’s tears might provoke no...
In this paragraph, the word anxious is defined as a mental state characterized by feelings of disquiet, worry, uneasiness, and tension. Another definition of anxious can be derived from the state, which is causal to these feelings, i.e., anxiety. Since anxiety is “the mind and body’s reaction to stressful, dangerous,...
Introduction Children advocacy strategies are ways through which the society can use to elevate the voice of young people. In the current social settings, the voice of the young people and particularly children has been occasionally neglected. This happens in the political echelons and at home. Children, just like any...
Introduction #MeToo is a popular hashtag, which marks the posts reporting the information on the cases of sexual harassment or showing solidarity with its victims. It was widely used in the whole world in 2017, and by now, it features dozens of millions of posts on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and...
Introduction Psychological theories shape the way we think about human nature and behavior. Even though certain opinions are at odds with each other, they provide valid points of view. Comparing various standpoints might prove to be useful when analyzing various cases, as they can often point to an unexpected solution....
The Family Systems theory describes the family as an emotional unit and individuals as interconnected parts of that unit. There are a number of concepts that represent the theory. For example, Emotional Cutoff describes a situation when an individual is not able to deal with unresolved issues or anxiety caused...
Introduction The Bad Seed directed by Mervyn LeRoy was shot in distant 1956. This is one of the exemplary American psychological thrillers about a schoolgirl who killed three people. Rhoda Penmark who lost a penmanship medal to her schoolmate is much disappointed by this and kills the boy taking away...
The pursuit of happiness and the pursuit of money have become synonymous in most modern societies, especially given the pervasive nature of capitalism. Materialism has become the guiding philosophy hinged on the assumption that more money is strongly correlated with increasing happiness. This perspective could be true when looked at...
Human life is full of activities that promote and hinder healthy associations among them. While some activities are aimed at strengthening human relations, others are bent on ensuring there are conflicts and quarrels among people. Some people have weird perceptions of life that make them think of life as a...
Some of 20th-century thinkers and their works of literature had a profound influence on contemporary media, including cinema and fine arts, and on the way societies and individuals perceive themselves as a whole. One of such fundamentally defining pieces is Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents. The book, written in...
A couple’s joy is achieved when they hold their baby and feel its warmth after struggling with the pregnancy for about nine months. This becomes one of their accomplishments and makes their marriage complete. A child brings happiness and satisfaction in a home as well as fulfills the purpose of...
Introduction Developmental psychology is concerned with the transformations that happen in the life of individuals. Initially, this field had given a lot of consideration to the changes that occur among infants and children. However, current developments have seen the inclusion of adolescents, adults and the aged (Belsky, 2010). Developmental psychologists...
Despite that psychology is a comparatively new science, its origin can be traced back to Socrates’s and Aristotle’s times. Primarily, the subject of psychology’s study is to investigate conscious and unconscious phenomena, behavior, and mental processes that occur in human beings, including their feeling and thoughts. Thus, this paper aims...
Reinforcement Schedules Although we might not notice reinforcement schedules, they are present in our daily lives. For instance, when I was I child, my mother regularly rewarded me for good marks by buying me chocolates, ice-creams, candies, and so on. Therefore, I was doing my best at school because I...
The elements of the perception process, which affect the first impressions of a person, carry certain value judgments. Wood (2015) analyzes this topic and notes that among such factors, one can highlight direct definition, reflected appraisal, attachment styles, identity scripts, and some other instruments. These tools affect perception and, in...
Introduction Therapy is basically defined as the act of offering care and medical training to someone who is facing difficult situations in life by the help of a trained professional; therapist. There are various difficult life moments in human life sometimes occasioned by loss of a job, a home, a...
Introduction Motivation may be defined as a psychological intrinsic phenomenon that tends to control certain individual behaviors and may be dependent on direction and focus of behavior, level of effort and perseverance. Psychological researches have shown that motivation may be linked to a basic need, a specific need or other...
Introduction The prominent status of the parent-child association has undergone development or evolution in recent years to develop into a central concern in both the encouragement of the progress, growth, or acceptance of healthy family associations and the act of preventing child abuse and neglect. However, defining the meaning of...
Introduction A number of principles characterize human Growth and development. The principles describe distinctive growth as a conventional and orderly process. It is possible for use to predict the development of children. However, there are different timings of growth and development in children as regards to their personalities. The developmental...
Introduction Falsifiability is a concept in philosophy that was introduced by Karl Popper in the 1930s as the touchstone for modern science. According to Stanovich (2010), the falsifiability criterion is a principle that states that a scientific theory should be stated in a way that any predictions that are made...
Abstract Human growth and development is a stage that presents a lot of complexity. Every stage carries its own form of challenges that if not properly dealt with can linger for as long as it’s not reconciled with the present challenges. Some form of alienation from the system or society...
Background The process of cognitive development involves various changes in the thinking process, which begin at infancy and improve progressively as an individual develops. During this period, an individual attempts to adapt to the immediate external environment through two major processes, which include assimilation and accommodation (Santrock, 2010). Here, assimilation...
Introduction “Self is a key construct in several schools of psychology which usually refers to either the cognitive and affective representation of one’s identity or subject” (Smith & Mackie, 2007). Several theories are trying to explain the meaning of self but the most outstanding is Kohut’s formulation and the Jungian...
Introduction Background of the study Lifespan development entails all the stages that a person goes through from the time of conception through infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthood to death. However, it is not all the changes in the life of a person that can be considered as...
According to O’Hara (1), depression is a grim illness and poor mental health condition associated with psychological, social, and physical factors in addition to chemical imbalances in the brain. This condition can occur at any mature stage of life and it is accompanied by miserable moods, wrath reactions, and lack...
John L. Krehbiel is sixty-seven years old. He is six feet tall with blonde hair and an athletic body. It is possible to conclude that he puts some effort into working out so as to remain physically fit, something he denies. He suspects that her body type may be a...
Introduction Researchers and scientists have observed that the majority of children start developing feelings of attraction towards the opposite sex in the course of late childhood and early adolescence (Cameron, 2002). During adolescence, a child’s body tends to transform differently in a manner perceived as strange to them. While in...
Introduction Whenever any psychological research is conducted, it is essential to uphold high standards of ethics. Most psychological schools and organizations have laid out codes of ethics to be followed in any psychological research; these must be followed for mutual understanding with the participants. Generally, in every research, consideration should...
Introduction Technological advancement is one of the most celebrated things in the 21st century. There have been innovations and technological development in the last fifty years than there ware in the previous duration of human existence. Advancement in information technology has brought many changes social, economic and other aspects of...
Introduction The psychological disorder has been a common term in mental health and the field of psychology since time immemorial. At the onset of the psychological disorder, the patient experiences abdominal discomfort and incoherent speech and judgment of real-life problems. Psychological disorders are thought to result from complex relationship between...
Ways which people affect others’ thoughts There are many ways through which people affect others’ thoughts and behaviors. In this paper, I have used group dynamics as the case study of the social influence research. In most cases people tend to persuade others into acting and thinking similarly within the...
Introduction Psychoanalysis has been used since its inception to explain various aspects of psychology. Psychoanalysis is a field that advances the theory that humans are affected by certain unconscious aspects of reality. The theory was originally advanced by Sigmund Feud. According to him these aspects which are unconscious have a...
Case Study on Miss K, Personality Analysis The presented in the article called Character and Neurosis Revisited – the Case of Miss K reveals a story of a girl who experiences neurotic disorders disguised by character problems (Beal, 1968). The point is that it was hard to differentiate between them...
Introduction In the US, abortion was formally legalized in 1973. Despite this legalization, the abortion debate continues to elicit vigorous emotional, moral, and legal problems. An important element of abortion emphasizes the impact on the mental health of women (Bazelon 45). The public debate on abortion in the US can...
Introduction The theories of consumer behavior stem from several premises. Although these theories vary, it can be stated that the main presupposition is that the consumer always attempts to act rationally, i.e. strives to extract the maximum benefit and usefulness out of a buying decision. It should be noted that...
