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Management and Leadership Hi all! I will part with you on approximately of the greatest important thoughts that have eternally been exposed in leadership and management. I will discuss leadership and management theories, leadership types, effectiveness among families, and advantages and disadvantages. Leadership is the aptitude of individuals to exert...
Abstract Postnatal depression is an area of concern in nursing as midwifes are usually the ones responsible for creating the best experience of delivery for future mothers. Despite the recent increase in interest regarding postnatal depression, a lot is yet to be uncovered in relation to the link between the...
Self-regulation is the ability to acknowledge that a decision is supposed to be made. Therefore, one takes time to apply critical thinking skills and evaluate the available alternatives before deciding. In other words, it allows one to assess their choices before making a final decision; therefore, it ensures that minimal...
Introduction Studying psychology can be fascinating because one can fully understand mental processes and human behavior. A deeper comprehension of human conditions is always a key objective for psychologists. However, the concepts taught in classes can also have an impact on the learner’s development as a person. The focus of...
Introduction There are processes that children use as they construct their knowledge of the world. Concepts of accommodation and assimilation are two examples of ideas that are important in the learning process development. Therefore, accommodation and assimilation are a response to knowledge acquisition in which the brain either makes the...
Introduction Immigrants in any country in the world have always had a harder time adjusting to the conditions and circumstances of living than local residents. This is why it is essential to take a particularly thoughtful approach when working with them in therapy. It is necessary to be sensitive and...
Approaches used in DBT are similar to interventions/approaches used in any of the other therapies; Behavioral Activation (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), acceptance-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and acceptance-based Coping Skills Training. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy – Metacognitive Interventions and Self-Monitoring of Desired Behaviors Motivational Interviewing – Mot. Focused Interventions, Stress Inoculation Training...
Lawrence thought he would never come out from underneath the hiding spot while he was despondent. Even some of the most severe depression, nonetheless, can be treated. There are numerous alternative treatments, ranging from psychotherapy to medicine to positive lifestyle modifications. Among all other individuals, just as no two individuals...
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs American psychologist Abraham Maslow wrote a paper titled “A Theory of Human Motivation,” which proposes human decisions are dependent on their psychological needs. Maslow outlined that there are five essential needs that do form the basis of human behavioral motivation. These needs are safety, self-actualization, love...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a drastic effect on the health of both adults and adolescents. While the effect of the pandemic on the physical health of the youth has been lower in comparison with adults, adolescents’ psychological health remains a matter of concern (Tardif-Grenier et al., 2021). While there...
Introduction Jean Piaget is one of the leading scientists and specialists in the field of cognitive psychology and child psychology; sometimes his deep works are viewed as philosophical. Thought processes, awareness of oneself in the world of people, and opposing oneself to parents, peers – all this is laid at...
Literature Review Physical development is an important aspect of growth in children and has been determined to enhance their social and language development as they connect and interact with each other during active play. Preschool is viewed as one of the most physical stages in an individual’s life (Erdem, 2018)....
The generativity vs. stagnation stage occurs at a midlife age. People can experience generativity in this phase through creativity, productivity, and creativity (Lally & Valentine-French, 2019). Procreativity includes the generation of offspring and the assumption of parenthood responsibilities, while productivity is the process through which persons take part in creating...
What was the aim of the study by the authors? The key authors of the article were D Frick-Horbury and RE Guttentag. They conducted a study about hand gesture production and the impacts of limiting gestures on free recall and verbal recovery. The participants were given definitions and tried to...
Introduction Well-being is considered the sensation of pleasant emotions such as peace and satisfaction in response to implementing one’s capabilities, having some authority over one’s existence, having a sense of meaning, and having healthy connections. It is a stable state that permits people or a community to grow and flourish....
Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are among the most prominent developmental psychologists in the education sector. Their pieces of research in the developmental psychology field are both unique and remarkable. There exist many similarities between Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s ideologies; however, despite these similarities, there exist differences primarily in how each...
The nurture versus nature debate is perhaps the most classical philosophical concern in psychology. In the debate, nurture represents environmental aspects that influence human behavior, while nature represents genetic variables that determine a person’s behavior. Plato argues that a significant number of things happen naturally without the interference of the...
Psychoeducational Interventions and Resources The psychoeducational interventions for domestic violence victims involve the integration of education as well as counseling and support activities. According to Dutton (2017), clients can receive the interventions individually or as a group depending on their needs. The resources helpful to families experiencing domestic violence include...
Introduction Students’ stress levels might be ascribed to the quantity of work they have to cover daily. Physical exercise is one of the proponents that may be employed to regulate the stress level in kids. This may be from approaching tests, deadlines of assignment submissions, or simply adapting to a...
I spent 30 minutes observing Antony – a 4-year-old boy – to observe, estimate, and explain his domains of development and their intersection with one another. Firstly, he and his friend were rolling their cars on the carpet, having a kind of speed competition or race. Later they joined the...
When people speak and socialize, either individually or in groups, we employ interpersonal skills. Therefore, interpersonal skills can be termed as one person’s ability to communicate effectively with others. The importance of being able to share effectively with others cannot be overstated. If you are a good communicator, you will...
The notion of high-stress levels among college students is hardly a recent development. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, we have noticed a tremendous surge in the number of cases. Recent statistics reveal that 44.9% of higher learning institutions students in the US experience stress levels above average (Ayala et al. 2)....
Mechanisms for Coping with School Stress It is important to engage in various group discussions about a given topic. While having a presence in a specific area, a facilitator is required to alternate the event while the audience gives their responses about the matter. An experienced facilitator gives an opinion...
One should be aware that suicidality is a complex issue, which requires an in-depth analysis and comprehension of the major underlying factors. It is easy for a professional to misunderstand the history of the client, which can translate into an ineffective treatment and intervention process. The reading offers two major...
Today, in the COVID pandemic, when more and more children study online, people argue that communication with peers is necessary for children’s development. While this is undoubtedly true, there is a more substantial influence within the family, that of parents, who play an essential role in forming personality. This paper...
Introduction People of varying ages and cultures have different attitudes toward death. This essay presents summary findings of interview analysis from participants selected randomly from each decade. The interview is intended to assess people’s thoughts about their death and how they have handled the death of a close relative as...
Name and Aspect of Development Cognitive development describes the capacity for children to reason, process information, and express varied emotions, which is often enabled through board games (Dauch et al., 2018). The toy will serve as a guide to help children learn new cognitive skills as they interact with it....
Storing information is a vital part of the human learning experience that proves human limitation through cognition. A limitation that is fundamental to brain functioning by exploring the capacity and duration of information storage. There are three parts of memory according to the dual-store memory. The sensory register is part...
Being skilled in critical thinking is assessing your thinking in a systematic manner, examining every aspect of it, evaluating its quality, and then improving it. We must develop logical conclusions based on well-informed assumptions and thoroughly comprehend our own point of view and examine all pertinent points of view. Reasoning...
Unlike Sigmund Freud, who singled out five stages of psychosocial development, Erik Erikson established the eight stages classification. They include infancy, under one year, toddlerhood, from one to three years, early childhood, from three to six years, middle childhood, from seven to ten years, and adolescence, from eleven to nineteen...
Stress is part of human life, and it can impact the individual’s life depending on how they react to the issues they face. Thus, the above may result from activities that one engages in, which may lead to anxiety and depression, such as getting married, buying a home, or failing...
Introduction The survey studies a total of 40 participants for this study (twenty men and twenty women). The subjects were split evenly between the two experimental conditions used in the study. Condition A: children between 12-15 are free with their parents about anything and have open line of communication (20...
Introduction Memory is involved in processing information in the mind, and its performance can be enhanced. Color is among the many variables that give rise to memorizing operations, and so it is a significant visual experience to humans. This makes colored images to be a powerful information conduit to the...
School phobia is an anxiety disorder linked to separation anxiety; it is also referred to as school refusal. Children often refuse to attend school because they feel that it causes discomfort, anxiety, and stress. Common signs and symptoms of school refusal include frequent illness in the morning, such as stomach...
Raising a child as a head of a single-parent family is associated with various challenges. Firstly, a single-parent family may be struggling to afford even the basic needs, leading to hardships and possible socioeconomic status-based discrimination. Secondly, the burden of responsibility may be too heavy for single parents; as a...
It is worth starting with the fact that Rosenhan’s article presents a particular critical study aimed at substantiating the problems of psychiatric diagnosis. The direct support of the study was the question of the difference between sanity and insanity. Rosenhan’s central claim is that there is a certain amount of...
The PBS videos and the Washington Post article have changed my reaction to the gun control laws demanded by some U.S. groups. Current research evidence suggests that weapon availability is positively linked with the risks of gun violence incidents (Thebault et al.). However, the cause-effect relationship between the variables has...
Today, modern life often presents many challenges to most people. Complex social conditions, changing social environments, and globalization encourage people to find their place in their lives. People need to adapt to different living conditions in different situations, and knowledge of human personality and how it works is becoming an...
Essential counseling micro-skills are skills the use of which the counselor makes their goal of helping the client attainable in terms of the approach to therapy. These skills assist in creating an atmosphere of trust and acceptance and facilitate the development of positive changes in the counseling process. In addition,...
Self-talks are dialogues that happen in individuals’ thoughts and are influenced by the subconscious mind. Self-motivation plays a vital role in revealing a person’s views, questions, ideas, and, most importantly, beliefs. Athletes use them as a cognitive method of influencing or inducing judgments, behaviors, and feelings. As such, self-encouragement can...
Introduction Recently the attention to the problem of human aggression in the scientific community has increased. Humanity has shown interest in the phenomenon of aggression since ancient times, and in modern times it is the subject of the most active psychological research (Salimi et al., 2019). In this regard, this...
Introduction The universality of emotional facial expressions is drawn from psychological, biological, and social perspectives. Emotions assume a critical role in both psychiatric treatment and general experiences among human beings. Despite this enormous significance in illness and health, no studies have achieved a nexus about the constructs of emotional encounters....
Abstract The writing aims to review the book “The Power of Habit” by Charles Duwigg and explains the author’s perspective about human habits. The review states the method of behavior change as explained by Charles Duwigg, where he discusses the process of habit building and the methods that addicts might...
Philosophers and scientists have explored the topic of consciousness for decades. However, they take differing stands on the issue of the existence of consciousness. While there are varied arguments, physicalists and dualists comprise the basic beliefs on this continuing study. Neuroscientists have included brain activity studies into the topic to...
Habits Developed by a Compulsive Gambler A compulsive gambler acquires a tendency to lie due to a lack of integrity, which is a virtue. They constantly lie throughout the four different phases of gambling addiction, as indicated in the text. Since a gambler is deluded by the knowledge that he...
Rule Utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that holds that an action is right once it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good. From Milgram’s point view, the aim of subjecting people to the experiment was to learn the degree to which ordinary citizens are obedient to...
The process of formation of one’s psychological identity and personhood has long fascinated scientists in multiple areas of research. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development (1950) include the dichotomies of trust and mistrust, autonomy and doubt, initiative and guilt, industry and inferiority, identity and confusion, intimacy and isolation, generosity and stagnation,...
James and Judy are two early childhood teachers at a kindergarten school and have different views about the disciplinary issues with the kids. James suggests that challenging disciplinary behaviors ascends as a condition that not only disrupts classroom management and organization but also impacts the kids’ development and learning destructively....
This article falls under the area of that behavioral intervention can improve the human brain’s cognitive functions. Scientists are of the opinion that brain training games have a direct impact on cognition and the ability to stimulate activities, proving a person’s mental fitness. According to Al-Thaqib (2018), after the experiment,...
Introduction It is important to note that vicarious trauma is a form of secondhand trauma, which is commonly experienced by professionals and volunteers working in the field. The conditional can have a drastic impact on one’s well-being, emotional status, and performance. It can range from mere hopelessness and helplessness to...
The health belief model (HBM) and the transtheoretical model (TTM) are two approaches to explaining the health behavior of an individual and predicting the possible changes in it. It is worth noting that the notion of a model is not synonymic to theory but presupposes the possibility of applying, in...
It is important to note that occupational professionals, which are focused on helping and assisting victims of trauma, are themselves vulnerable to traumatic influences due to constant exposure to it. Vicarious trauma can be considered an occupational problem, which primarily affects a person volunteering or working in the victim service...
It is common knowledge among psychologists and neuroscientists that adolescence is a period of heightened reported and observed risk-taking. According to Crone and van Duijvenvoorde (2021), adolescence is the stage of development at which people turn into adults – that is, society’s independent members. In order for the research on...
The topic of social behavior is of the greatest importance in modern social psychology. Psychologists distinguish several types of social behavior, including competitive behavior. Social behavior should be considered from the psychological impact on people and their position in society. It implies a psychological impact on people and the occupation...
Introduction Milgram’s experiment is a fascinating study of human nature, the willingness to follow a leader while violating generally accepted principles and rules. The purpose of Milgram’s experiment was to understand why in World War II the inhabitants of Germany were so cruel to the prisoners of concentration camps. Stanley’s...
It is not uncommon for therapists to get sexually attracted to their patients. According to American Psychological Association (APA, 2017), engaging in sexual relationships with current clients is unethical. Section 3.05 of the Code of Conduct for therapists states that multiple relationships with clients are allowed only as exceptional instances....
Biography Kurt Levin (1890 – 1947) was a German and American psychologist who was one of the founders of social psychology. He laid the foundations or developed many areas of this science. Kurt Levin was born in the Polish city of Mogilno; he came from a Jewish family. Nevertheless, in...
Dr. Martin Seligman was raised in an Orthodox Jewish family in the New York City suburb of Albany. In addition to attending the Albany Academy, he received his early education from public schools in the surrounding area. His undergraduate degree in philosophy was awarded to him by Princeton University in...
Introduction Personal hardships might seem overwhelming and impossible to overcome by numerous people. Nowadays, when faced with pandemics, such hardships are seen in a more fatalistic manner. Unfortunately, I suffer from mental issues for the same reason as these individuals: the uncertainty surrounding the pandemics and the panic around it....
Introduction Although many people are used to separating people and animals, there are many stories that prove the fact that they share the same qualities and sometimes use the same approaches in solving various matters. For example, in the text My Life with the Chimpanzees, Dr. Jane Goodall discovered that...
Introduction The initial issue that I developed a strategy to deal with was the anxiety related to the VOCID-19 virus uncertainty. With the constant news about death and dangers that the virus is able to bring to the lives of people and the ways it can harm my loved ones...
Introduction Mental health is an integral component of every persons health in general. However, it is tough to remain mentally stable in the modern world due to numerous external and internal factors. The psyche of children and teenagers is not yet formed. For this reason, it could be easily injured...
Johnson is a mechanical engineering student at the University of Cambridge. Recently, he has been admitted to the hospital and is now going through medical checkups and counseling as a result of severe depression due to prolonged developed school life stress. Johnson is in his third year of studying, and...
Introduction The article “Who Would ‘Purge’? Low Self-Control, Psychopathy, and Offending in the Absence of Legal Controls,” written by Ryan C. Meldrum, Peter S. Lehmann, and Jamie L. Flexon, investigates the motives for criminal behavior. It aims at examining the assumption that people would willingly commit crimes in the absence...
Among the many disciplines in psychology, the study of human development is one of the complete sciences of human life span and its changes under the influence of psychological, social, and health-related factors. As stated by Kail and Cavanaugh (2019), lifespan development as an interdisciplinary study incorporates the psychological, sociological,...
During middle adulthood, people experience changes in many aspects of their life, including sexuality. Biological changes tend to decrease sexual activity, and an increase in societal obligations may impose even further limitations upon it. At the same time, healthy generativity is associated with lower chances of depression and, thus, may...
Society is an association of people, which realizes its main strength as a single concrete position supported by a considerable number of individuals. A person, being a direct part of a community, regularly possesses the opportunity to observe the actions and habits of the members of his environment. Conformity, nonconformists,...
Learning is a continuous process of memorizing information and acquiring new habits or models of behavior in different situations. The central concepts of learning are reflexes, instincts, and associative learning, which help to explain how individuals acquire new habits and skills. The theories of learning within these concepts have been...
Main points Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality and development states that specific body parts are sensitive to sexual or erotic stimulation during the childhood development phases. For example, the mouth, anus, and genital regions are sensitive to sexual stimulation. Therefore, the different phases of sexual stimulation in childhood include...
The cult film “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest” by Milos Forman, based on the novel by Ken Kesey, is a picture of extremely high psychological saturation. This movie can be considered a complex psychological metaphor embodied by the psychoanalytic models and concepts of the founders of psychoanalysis. The psychiatric...
Many changes occur during the adolescent phase of a human’s development. The brain changes, and as they interact with society and acquire knowledge, experience, and social demands, these variables produce unprecedented cognitive development. The changes in the thinking of an adolescent can even exceed the more obvious physical change. The...
The medical definition of stress refers to a factor that leads to bodily or mental tension. There is a wide complexity surrounding the relationship between stress and other illnesses. Factors contributing to susceptibility to stress include and are not limited to genetic vulnerability, style of coping, and personality. However, it...
Introduction The family institution has been going through some major modifications within decades as people’s views have been broadcasted over time. Family structure has come a long way from being conservative when an official marriage was made between a man and a woman to being entirely liberal. Nowadays, in developed...
The principles of psychology are a set of mechanisms applied to individuals to understand neurophysiology and features of psychology. These principles visually assess an individual’s psychological state and cognitive abilities (thinking and learning). It is believed that the use of psychological principles in learning and behavior solves the problems associated...
For many centuries, scientists from various fields have been studying human nature. A fascinating aspect is a behavioral aspect, which is a reflection of an individual’s reaction to various life situations. For a deeper analysis of this area, a science called behaviorism was introduced. One of the intriguing parts of...
Hypothesis Statement Literature Review A link between success and happiness has been established by numerous studies. Cross-sectional studies confirmed that there is a positive correlation between happiness and success. Bowling et al. (2011) conducted a meta-analysis that established a positive link between subjective well-being and job satisfaction. Hosie et al....
Researchers can conduct specific experiments to test a particular cognitive construction. Thus, Thomas et al. (2003) organized two experiments to determine how repetition and sensory elaboration contribute to the imagination inflation effect. The authors focused on the idea that false memories can emerge due to a specific memory characteristic, including...
Common sense thinking relies on personal experience and offers the most popular way of explaining a situation. Psychological thinking focuses on evidence to assess and describe people’s behavior. The sociological way of thinking considers the social structure and a human role within it to explain how the environment affects people....
As outlined by Jean Piaget, the formal operational stage of cognitive development considers children from the age of 12 years and above. It involves the process of increase in a child’s life, which enhances the ability of a child to understand an abstract of ideas and use logic, as well...
Many preschool children involve imaginary companions in their games. According to Kali and Cavanaugh (2003), earlier, it was believed that companions appearing in children’s plays and fantasies were relatively rare, but later it was stated that it is quite a common phenomenon. Bitonte (2012) reports that about 65% of children...
Introduction It is important to note that trauma has a strong impact and implications among children and adolescents, who can be categorized as vulnerable groups. Schools and other educational facilities can be the prime platform on which major traumatic experiences take place, ranging from individual bullying to mass school shootings....
About teen suicide. (n.d.). Nemours KidsHealth – the Web’s most visited site about children’s health. Web. The website of kidshealth.org discusses teen suicide providing information on why teens consider suicide, the risk for suicide, warning signs, parents’ involvement, and how to cope with teen’s loss. According to kidshealth.org, suicide is...
Video Discussion According to André Solomon, the main difficulty of depression lies in communicating the patient’s condition to those around him. Many people use the word “depression” to describe a bad mood or sadness or say that they are not in the mood. When a specialist uses the word “depression,”...
Video Discussion According to Adam Phillips, people fear frustration because society stigmatizes the feeling. Phillips cites the example that when a child expresses his hopes and dreams, he is believed in and supported, but when he is an adult, he is asked many questions about possible obstacles (Thinkingaloud7189, 2016). It...
Supporting the Mental Health of Refugees in America Supporting the mental health of refugees in America should start with including mental health professionals in the rescue team to offer psychosocial help to the refugees (Daod, 2018). As noted by (Zayas, 2019), refugees should be given safety and compassion rather than...
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is defined or perceived as a consequence that is applied to strengthen an organism’s future conduct whenever that conduct seems to be preceded by a particular antecedent stimulus. In addition, positive reinforcement is regarded as one of the most efficient methods of teaching an individual or...
The first perspective is the cognitive one, which can impact personality. It claims that one’s cognitive process determines the development of key personality traits. This process can involve judging and thinking as core drivers of the changes. In other words, it is the cognition of a person, which directs the...
The assigned chapters are dedicated to the psychological theories of aging. More precisely, the chapters provide a comprehensive overview of theories of emotional well-being and aging, emotion-cognition links, social support, stereotypes, and terminal decline of functions. Overall, these readings clearly explain how to communicate with older adults, support them, and...
Introduction Psychological knowledge, methods, tools, and theories are an essential and integral part of some therapeutic and preventive measures in a care setting. Understanding and application of these concepts in practice are absolutely necessary for the work of any medical and social worker. With the help of these theories, specialists...
According to the attachment theory proposed by Bowlby, there are several stages of attachment that start to develop in early childhood. In the case of Kandi, being born and living for the first ten months of her life in a dysfunctional family have led to the disruption of her attachment...
Introduction Psychologically, people react differently to life situations, influenced by several factors, including genetic makeup and personal experiences. Belsky (2018) shows that a person is bound to experience different feelings in their lifetime, shaped by the situations they face. Anxiety can be defined as the feeling of worry, tension, and...
Introduction Déjà vu is one of the most mysterious feelings that most people experience at least once in their lifetime. On the one hand, it is characterized by the perception of the current event as familiar. On the other hand, there is no factual or memorial evidence that such an...
Most addiction-focused professions aim at understanding drug addition, treatment plans and their respecticve application in professional practices. Experts in the field of addiction deal with a wide range of disciplines, but they all have a common knowledge of the addictive phenomenon. Each treatment practitioner must have a fundamental grasp of...
Introduction The current paper contains a proposal on a new clinical therapeutic group which will be formed as a way to assist its members in managing their existing problems. Specifically, the group will be a therapy one, consisting of adult residents of an inpatient psychiatric hospital. The therapy will have...
Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a family and behavior-based treatment that strengthens the parent-child connection via personal interaction. Child-directed engagement in this modality may aid in the development of successful parenting practices, the decrease of behavioral difficulties, and the creation of a better family bond. PCIT is effective in reducing...
Introduction I interviewed Diego (21 years) over the phone, Scott (50) via Skype because of his busy schedule, and Jerry (76) face to face. Diego is in early adulthood, Scott is in middle adulthood, and Jerry is in late adulthood. Interview I (Diego-21 Years) Diego wanted to be a cardiologist...
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important that people stay at home. However, often people do not feel enough motivation to do it and do not understand the reasons for staying at home. Many adolescents between the age of 12-18 get bored at home during lockdowns. They feel detached and...
The Risk, Need, and Responsivity (RNR) model is widely used in criminology to assess the risks and needs posed by sex offenders and determine the environment in which they should be placed. The basic principle is the risk, according to which “intensity of correctional interventions must be matched to the...
There are several measures when self-deception is not only forced but also necessary. Practically everyone knows what the placebo effect is ‒ patients drink a “pill” that does not contain any medications, but you feel better. Unfortunately, the placebo effect has a less well-known antipode – the nocebo effect. It...
Louise Barrett’s (2020) article titled “Thinking Outside the Head: Cognitive Ecologies and Evolutionary Psychology” reflects on the possibility of integrating evolutionary biology and social sciences to create evolutionarily informed psychology. The author discusses possible reasons why evolutionary notions have very limited tractions in psychology and covers potentially applicable approaches to...
The Psychological Analysis of Divorce at Early Marriage Abstract Today, many families forget about or neglect the main idea of marriage and its principles and continue making mistakes that lead to quarrels, infidelity, and income differences. As a result, individuals make their decision to end marriage and divorce. Many internal...
Temperament is a manner in which a person approaches and reacts towards an external surrounding. In children, it influences the behavior and the interaction with other people in various environments, such as schools. The parents and teachers play the role of identifying children’s abilities and providing the support they need...
