Check out the latest additions to our database.
Summary Metrics are the things to which participants react during a research project. Survey questions, interview questions, and hypothetical scenarios are all examples of research measurements. Question-wording is critical when conducting interviews and surveys because it ensures that respondents answer questions relevant to the study. Other than looking at how...
Lundh’s (2021) article, “Persons and genes. Are a gene-centered evolutionary psychology compatible with a person-oriented approach to psychological science?” compares two major theoretical frameworks in contemporary psychology. One is the array of person-oriented approaches focusing on the holistic study of individuals, and another is evolutionary psychology focused on transferring genes...
Several attributions biases in psychology can be applied to sport, including self-serving, action bias, and so-called “hot hand.” The self-serving bias is associated with accepting credit for success while blaming external factors and circumstances or others for failure. For instance, players of a football team take credit for the match...
One of the most effective theories that can best explain why Aileen Wuornos turned to be a serial killer is Hickney’s Trauma Control Model. According to this theory, trauma inflicted on a person during childhood sets up the individual to assumes deviant behavior in later stages of development (Cullen, 2020)....
Review of Cognitive Assessment The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (KABC – II) is used for assessing the cognitive abilities of children from 2 to 12 years old (Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2010). The Second addition extends the age range and can be used for children from 3...
The following aspects are relevant to the psychological models of addiction. Firstly, the fundamental indicators of demographic characteristics include gender, age, family, and education. The needs and problems of men and women, people of different ages differ significantly. The psychological profile is influenced by marital status, education, profession, and income...
Introduction Unfortunately, it is no easy matter to be a parent and properly raise a child. Parental negligence is a widespread phenomenon affecting thousands of children all other the world. They tend to lose their vigilance all the time, letting their children do what they want. Apparently, it can be...
Troxler’s Fading or Troxler’s Effect represents in the form of a blurry image of something. A person looking at his image has not to blink for some seconds to discern a depiction. Troxler’s Effect is a visual phenomenon of human perception people might experience while looking at the picture (Paw,2019)....
Introduction Socially constructed groups that were created by people based on race resulted in the formation of racist views and discriminatory attitudes. Consequently, socially vulnerable groups have to deal with the consequences of systematic racism. This essay will discuss similarities and differences between social psychology theories regarding race. These theories...
The MARS Individual Behavior Model is a model that seeks to develop individual behavior as a result of a combination of internal and external factors or influences. The name itself is an abbreviation of personal motivation, abilities, role perception, and situational factors. Motivation can be described as internal forces that...
Summary In the article entitled “The Kingdom of Dogs,” Adams (2020) offers a different perspective on Pavlov’s experiments with dogs that led to the discovery of classical conditioning. The author suggests that animals should be viewed not as passive research objects but as active subjects, possessing distinctive characters and developing...
Cultural diversity in the US emerged due to many historical and political reasons. These reasons did not depend on the will and desires of people who fall out of the cohort. In the 60s of the 20th century, the first movements appeared that protected the civil and human rights of...
Subjective data Chief Complaint Increased symptoms of General Anxiety Disorder, which resulted in a state of worry and difficulties falling asleep. History of the Present Illness (HPI)/Demographics The patient describes herself as being rather tense throughout her life; however, during her senior year in college, the issue escalated to the...
John Dewey is acclaimed as the greatest educational theorist during the 20th century. His theory of experience was well-known not only within the educational field, but also in philosophy and psychology. His works remain a strong influence in the models of innovative approaches such as adult education, learning beyond the...
The case of James is a unique illustration of how complex a child abuse situation can become due to the involvement of a multitude of parties, such as the school system, the criminal justice system, Child Protective Services or CPS, and one’s family members. The case is centered around the...
Community experiences of many people with disabilities have been reported as distorting (Nelson & Prilleltensky, 2010). The primary reason for that is marginalization based on ableism or discrimination in favor of able-bodied people. There are several instruments community psychology can use to improve the situation. Community psychology can provide education...
All people strive for the progressive realization of their talents and skills. Psychologically, personal development includes a clear image of the individual abilities and character traits and their efficient improvements. The American psychologist Carl Rogers designed the fully functioning person theory, which addresses personal development as a central point of...
This case assignment is focused on the psychological assessment by Huber S. and Huber O.W. The characteristics of the “evaluation” include objectivity, validity, practicality, reliability, and consistency of the results obtained. The Centrality of Religiosity Scale is used when it is essential to measure the “degree of religiosity”, the power...
Introduction My intended career pathway lies in becoming a radiology technician, a medical professional who uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases. I have chosen this career due to the underlying aspects of my personality — my desire to serve the community and my affinity for technology. However, the...
Today, developmental psychologists seldom adopt either position on most areas of development; instead, they study the ties between genetic and environmental effects. Many human developmental researchers believe that biological and social (cultural, socio-environmental, and socio-economic) variables all play an important role in human development (Boyce et al. 23235). People acquire...
Introduction Attachment is the formation of affectionate bonds with people who are essential in one’s life. Freud’s theory: Early infant-mother relationships affect the entire life’s relationships. This theory was disproved: Later bonds also shape attachment patterns. The 1950s experiment with rhesus monkeys showed that attachment is more about warm connection...
Introduction Substance abuse is a pressing problem in the United States, and counseling plays an essential role in supporting people struggling with addiction. Numerous organizations offer their services aiming to provide treatment and care for clients that need help. Substance abuse counseling can be referred to as a specialized form...
Introduction Many personality theories are influenced by the biographies of their creators. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud are among the greatest psychoanalysts of the 20th century, who underlaid the basis of personality theories. This paper aims to analyze the interconnection between the theories of Freud and Jung and their environment....
Various researchers emphasize different components of a motivational interview. The spirit of motivational interviewing is based on three elements: collaboration of a social worker and a patient, evocation or encouraging patients to provide personal reasons to change their behavior, and a focus on the patient’s autonomy as only patients have...
Introduction The attitude of an individual towards another race or ethnicity is deeply rooted and rarely reported. Implicit Association Test (IAT) assesses perceptions and beliefs that human beings might dislike or are incapable of saying (Harvard University, 2011; Schimmack, 2021, p. 396). Interestingly, IAT helps people be conscious of the...
Mental exercises can be beneficial for overall performance and improved ability to concentrate and deal with difficult taks. Although they are not as effective as physical activities, the research found that mental work can substantially contribute to achievements in various fields, such as sport, music, medicine, and others (Toth et...
Being a neurodevelopmental disorder, dyslexia is one of the most common language-based learning disabilities. The symptoms of dyslexia are demonstrated by children and adults who struggle with reading when they ought to be capable and motivated to read fluently and adequately for their age. Hence, to reduce the severity of...
Introduction Reinforcement is a vast and natural part of everyone’s life. It is immediate, positively, or negatively affecting the learner’s reaction, or the external environment, to a specific action (Alberto & Troutman, 2013). In the education of children, this model is a critical stage, but it often occurs unconsciously. Thus,...
To identify any strengths and weaknesses of the student, it is usually necessary to use some tests and questions. However, within this assessment framework, methods of observation, passive data collection, and interviews with persons close to the subject, teachers and parents, were used. The reason for this behavior is this...
Summary The given paper will primarily focus on the career path of the radiographer and the implications of future career-related changes in regard to technology and certifications required for qualification. The identified career path is a radiography professional who uses imaging technology to create and take images of a patient’s...
Langston Hughes is a brilliant poet and prose writer, an innovator, and a revolutionary in literature. A leading force in the Harlem Renaissance, a scholar, activist, and black man who spoke shamelessly and proudly about his experience of racism in a still heavily segregated America. His “colleague,” Zainul Abedin, is...
Over the last several years, meditation has become one of the most widespread forms of mental health activities. Its popularity has grown with the invention of different apps and online platforms easily accessible to a broad audience to practice meditation. Indeed, meditation provides numerous benefits at relatively low financial and...
Remaining optimistic in the contemporary environment can be especially vital for overcoming numerous challenges. Although various negative experiences inevitably occur throughout an individual’s life, maintaining a positive outlook for the future might considerably increase one’s mental resilience. In the process of decision-making, people might refer to their most positive expectations,...
Introduction Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability III Edition is a tool used to assess and measure a child’s cognitive capacity as well as the overall intelligence. It was created and revised by Mary Johnson and Richard Woodcock in 2001. The main advantage of the give assessment tool is the fact...
I would like to explore the correlation between the parents’ overprotection and adults’ self-identification. From my point of view, this question requires exploration because often, parents trying to help can harm their children’s self-esteem and dignity. Parents unwillingly can force children into believing that they can achieve nothing without help....
I want to create a persuasive that will increase the rate of college students seeking treatment for mental health. Problem The mental health of college students has been a growing concern over the last decade, with the issue being exacerbated by the challenges of modern education and realities. In a...
Introduction According to CDC (2016), suicide among children and the youth is a global health crisis. As per CDC (2016), in every eight children aged 6 to 12, one usually has suicidal thoughts. It refers to the intentional imposing of danger to oneself until death. Suicidal attempts are more common...
Often, counseling emerges from the confines of being strictly a science and becomes much more diverse and individualized in nature. This is a sentiment that is relayed in an article by Bethany Bray (2019) on the topic of suicide prevention. It is also frequently noticeable when discussing or observing suicide...
It is important to note that trauma, disaster, and crisis are interrelated concepts, which require specifically targeted interventions and counseling measures in order to achieve a positive outcome for clients. Trauma can be defined as an emotional response to a negative stimulus or event, which is harmful to an individual...
Research Topic The impact of middle childhood experiences on adulthood at work and within society. Hypothesis There is a relationship between the exposure to different environments in middle childhood and career choices and social interactions of adulthood. Research Questions What middle childhood experiences influence the choice of profession? What middle...
For a prolonged time, individuals who take roadways have experienced aggressive driving, raising a concern to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As a result, a case scenario method is used to examine the role of self-validation in a driving situation. The hypothesis target population was drivers and the participants...
The four theories explain how people experience the world, think, and react to different situations. In the learning perspective theory, different conditions lead to different reactions and feelings. On the other hand, self-actualization helps a person to be self-sufficient and conditions someone to realize their worth. The cognitive perspective theory...
Introduction Sexual relationships are an integral part of our life, regardless of their presence at the moment and personal opinions about them. Sexual philosophy can reveal the possibility of internal conflict, denial of models of society, or adherence to personal ideology through the prism of attitudes towards the intimate aspect...
The link between brain activity and hormones, which was established by specialists, is one of the most interesting phenomena attributed to the human body. It allows a conclusion on the connection between one’s biological sex and the processes, which occur during the development of people from three weeks gestation (Cala,...
Introduction Martin is a 21-year-old student, and he suffers from bizarre behaviors. His parents noticed that he could talk to himself, Martin refused to use his cellphone to avoid activating a deadly chip in his brain, and the guy accused his parents of conspiring with the aliens. This information explicitly...
The efficacy of asking questions has been proven by multiple researchers engaged in investigating the mechanisms of the human psyche. Proper questions help people explore much about themselves and the surrounding world. Many interrogative techniques have been offered to trace one’s development. Moreover, counselor services are growing in popularity since...
Introduction This work compares and contrasts the four major approaches to clinical psychology in relation to Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Disease overview and Classification Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic biobehavioral disease or disorder that presents in early childhood and which may continue...
Studying the processes of child development, the researcher is inevitably faced with several fundamental questions, including what leaves a more significant mark on the character: nature or nurture? On the one hand, the English philosopher John Locke believed that the environment and upbringing play a huge role, and intrinsic factors...
It is important to note that reflective practice can be a critical measure for the continuous improvement of one’s professional capabilities and competence. It is stated that “Nursing education has welcomed the idea of reflection as a valuable tool to assist nursing students in learning from practice,” and “likewise, reflection...
Introduction The chapter under review “Learning capacities” presents four learning capacities found in infants, namely classical and operant conditioning, habituation, and imitation. This paper aims to summarize the main ideas and findings of the chapter. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a type of learning that is possible due to the...
Introduction The chapter under review seeks to discuss the babies’ learning capacities. The latter is viewed as an ability to change one’s behavior as a result of new experiences. In this regard, the researchers distinguish four fundamental learning capacities that children possess. They include classical and operant conditioning, habituation, and...
Despite the spread of awareness about them, the problem of stigmatized attitudes to mental diseases is still found in many areas of human life. In the article “Assessing Mental Illness Stigma,” authors study MI as a cross-diagnostic and a cross-cultural phenomenon (Mannarini & Rossi, 2019). During the study of several...
Introduction Anxiety is a natural feeling which is evolutionarily necessary; it is usually associated with a new, unforeseen, or threatening situation, and it increases when the importance for the body increases. For example, when a person is going to have a complex operation. Anxiety is abnormal and pathological only when...
Social structures are one of the main concepts in sociology, as they represent relatively stable types and forms of social practice. Social life is organized through social structures, and the stability of ties and relationships within the social organization of society is ensured. Social structures are complex social structures based...
Symptoms of Depression Depression symptoms may be divided into three categories. The three categories are psychological, physical and social symptoms. All the three categories affect a person negatively and lead to low productivity. Depression symptoms are generally noticeable as they are mostly a deviation from the normal behaviour of a...
According to O’Brien’s statement, “stories can save us,” and I support this argument. In real life, we experience difficult situations that demand a lot from our subconscious minds. To remain active, the mind needs a kind of hallucination that reflects the reverse of the previous scenario to convince our thoughts...
Since the very beginning of human nature, people had significantly evolved in most parts of their lives. However, with the physical and mental evolution, their wishes and preferences were nonetheless influencing their living. As a result, one of the most recognized and powerful psychologists, Abraham Maslow, introduced the conception of...
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory explains that people’s unconscious psychological conflicts determine their behavior and thoughts. As for women, the leading theory’s assumptions include penis envy, the Oedipus complex, and various types of orgasms. These terms allowed Freud to emphasize the role of sexual development in people’s psychology and admit that...
Personal issues are part of a complex system that makes people unique. However, this individuality can attract psychopathologies that ultimately require correction through therapy to enhance the patient’s cognitive wellbeing. The present paper offers a brief distinctive understanding of person-centered therapy (PCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Although both therapeutic...
This paper is an overview of the article “Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults.” The authors of the article state that their work is the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. The paper discusses how health risk behavior and various...
Power has been acknowledged as a significant motivating factor in relationships among individuals. In social psychology, it has been described as the relative ability of an individual to modify other peoples’ situations by issuing or withholding rewards or meting out punishments (Brinol et al., 2007). There exist limited methods of...
In psychology, several pivotal theoretical models of human psychological development have been introduced over the years. The diversity of prominent psychologists’ opinions concerning the stages of psychological development and the critical concepts within each of them provide a basis for substantial investigation and practical implementation. Indeed, the use of theories...
Joker is one of the most controversial characters in comic books and films about Batman. In the movie Joker (2019), Joaquin Phoenix’s personage Arthur Fleck (Joker) is about 32-33 years old although the actor’s actual age is 44. This fact makes the character look older, reflecting his health problems in...
Raising children is arduous as parents are tasked with introducing their children to society and acceptable norms of behavior in it. Dealing with misbehavior and refusal to follow instructions is one of the most significant challenges for parents as advice on the appropriate methods of punishment continues to change. Thus,...
One important idea that has to be pointed out about the so-called Black psychology is that the ideas of Dr. Joseph L. White have been pushed in order to make Black people realize their strengths and focus on positive thinking. Interpersonal interactions were deemed vital for the community because communal...
Abstract The widespread usage of the internet and social media has both bad and good consequences for individuals. One expression of such harmful impacts is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a type of abuse and humiliation carried out online. Because of the increased use of social media by teenagers and adolescents, cyberbullying...
Bandura showed through his experiment that the formation of aggression in children occurs through observation and interaction with other people. During the first experiment in 1961, the children watched in person as an adult viciously beat Bobo – an inflatable doll about a meter high – for about 10 minutes....
Children see the world and experience things in a completely different way than adults. Playing, as a tool for the development of children and learning the world, is important. Through the game, the simplest basic concepts about some concerns are built and become the basis for further analysis in adulthood....
Power is the ability of an individual to greatly influence the occurrence of an event and have control over the outcome of the event. Powerful individuals are mostly characterized as individuals who always want the outcome of a particular event to favor them. This has resulted in the majority of...
In the video Being Aware Proximity Behavior, little boy Salim accidentally causes the roof of a wooden house to fall. This slight mistake makes the other boy, Gabe, quite angry with him. However, the teacher quickly uses indicators of positive communication and respect to de-escalate the situation (CLASS, n.d.). She...
Introduction In western societies, overweight females are under the seizure of constant underestimation and bullying, as there are particular standards of beauty defying a lot of people to follow them in order to be desirable. Women have always wanted to be seductive and attractive to men, and in this pursuit...
The First Two Years: Physical Development Human development is a continuous process that runs throughout his life. From the moment of birth to death, a series of sequential regular morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes take place in the body, and therefore certain time periods or periods are distinguished. The boundaries...
In terms of growing up, change is inevitable; there is a change for the better, and there is a change for the worse, and I have encountered both. However, throughout these changes, I noticed something significant, and that is that one cannot change what happens around one. Life is simply...
Understanding death as a natural biological process comes only with age. Children are not able to perceive death as a complete stop of all processes in the body. Nevertheless, with age, a person realizes the finiteness of all living things and stops thinking about death as something impossible. However, each...
The later life relationship between children and their parents significantly differs from that in young adulthood or adolescence. Transformations in cognitive and mental patterns could be observed in both parties. According to Syre’s (2019) research, parent-child dynamics in later life change positively transforming into the supportive and influential alliance. As...
The loss of a loved one is an animal that unpacks our fears and sorrow and makes life look meaningless. Death can significantly change who we are and may as well make us appear or feel lost. Therefore, this is a devastating experience that leaves people grieving. Grieving is finding...
The Implicit Association Test was developed as a research tool for social psychology, including clinical, cognitive, and developmental psychology. Test authors Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGee, and Jordan Schwartz first introduced the test in 1998 (Soyyilmaz, 2020). Since then, it was used in social psychology for testing patients. The test is...
Introduction There are multiple beliefs regarding the contributors to character development. The order in which children are born is among the uncontrollable variables speculated to have profound influences on personality. Birth order is supposed to create situations in which one is exposed to specific conflicts and issues because of being...
Introduction Abnormal psychology studies psychological disorders and ways to improve the lives of those affected by them (Nevid et al., 2021). There are several perspectives on the pathology of such disorders. However, contemporary theories include a biological perspective on the issue, which connects the pathology to the deviations within the...
Introduction The problem of narcissism has received attention in the clinical psychological and psychotherapeutic literature. This interest is related to the contemporary cultural situation and social priorities that encourage individualism, purposefulness, confidence, and independence. Modern people are preoccupied with self-understanding, self-affirmation, and self-reflection. The flip side – the “dark” side...
The meaning of death for every person depends on several factors: age, current knowledge, consciousness, and faith or religion. Age is one of the determining factors because children have a lack of experience and understanding of death. With few exceptions, children face death closer to adulting; that is why their...
Abstract Domestic abuse is a case in which a family member tries to control a partner or child to dominate them for specific purposes. Violence has a physical, psychological, sexual nature and is applied to a relationship with a family member, which is the result of emotional, mental trauma and...
I have chosen “Overstimulation in the Modern World” as a topic because I believe that overstimulation causes more problems than most people realize, and to discuss it is now as important as ever. There are numerous industries that use overstimulation to attract consumers, and the principle of overstimulation can explain...
Many people have debated on what can be considered as a psychological problem and medical problem. Psychological issues are defined as illnesses associated with changes in emotion, thinking, and behavior (Minghetti et al., 2018). Some of these conditions are depression, dementia, schizophrenia, and anxiety. The medical problem is a broad...
The Stanford Experiment is one of the most controversial and shocking experiments of the last century. The work focused on the study of human nature, the response to various stressors associated with the restriction of freedom, and the changes caused by the acquisition of power. The experiment showed that a...
Operant conditioning is a type of learning process based on association of certain behavior with negative or positive result. The positive, or desired result, is called reinforcement, whereas the negative result is punishment. The stimulus can be either added or removed based on the aim of the training person to...
As a two-day experiment in which I had to develop and apply a strategy for cognitive improvement, I chose the strategy of cognitive conflict. This type of thinking is quite often used in teaching the exact sciences and has attracted my attention due to its declared effectiveness. Cognitive conflict implies...
A reaction arrives at a physiological edge when it can energize tangible receptors and send nerve driving forces to the mind. A message beneath that edge is supposed to be subconscious. The message is prepared; however, we are not intentionally mindful of it. An absolute threshold is the littlest measure...
This study examines the impact of the Big Five Personality Traits on students’ academic performance. It is extremely important for academic institutions and employing organizations to acknowledge the connection between career counseling and students’ education, values, and goals. As long as students are provided with influential career and academic counseling,...
There are many ways to organize concepts, but one of the most effective methods is by using categories. Categories can be broad or specific; the variation will be dependent on the content to be covered by an individual. The superordinate concept is one of the categories that individuals use to...
There can be no doubt that Freud’s ideas were revolutionary in behavioral psychology at the time. Although some of Freud’s ideas have been recently criticized and undergone substantial scrutiny, the core premise of behavioral psychology remains in its place, which has led to the creation of multiple theoretical perspectives associated...
Introduction The article “The Journey Toward Literacy Begins in Infancy: The Reach Out and Read Innovation” was written by Jean Ciborowski Fahey and Judith Forman and published in Childhood Education in 2012. It focuses on the operations of an organization called Reach Out and Read, the main goal of which...
A language that is understood by the representatives of different communities regardless of their background, native language and culture can be called universal. To understand language, humans have to identify the sounds or letters used, retrieve the meaning of words combined from these letters or sounds, build the syntactic structure,...
Group interventions that facilitate artistic expression could be a robust practice framework for grief therapy. Interventions of such kind help in the reduction of feelings of isolation, and clients become more willing to accept and normalize loss experience (St Thomas & Johnson, 2007). Art is an addition that helps to...
Introduction The increase in violent behavior among youth and children under the influence of a more intensified exposure to violent video games has been a persistent concern in academic circles, educational environments, and families. Literature on the topic provides evidence for disruptive anti-social behaviors characterized by violence and aggression and...
Experience Title Understanding behavioral intervention planning within the framework of the Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. Aligned CEC Standard Advanced Preparation Standard 3: Programs, Services, and Outcomes. The standard entails facilitating the ongoing improvement of programs, plans, and services at different levels to create the perfect system...
How a person perceives themselves significantly influences their choices, defines happiness, and applies to all spheres of life. Socrates, Saint Augustine, René Descartes, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, and modern thinkers explored the definition of self from consciousness, spiritual, physical, and psychological perspectives (Chaffee 91). These famous thinkers lived...
Introduction The effects that video games supposedly have on the psychological development of young people has been the focus of close attention and growing concerns of parents and general audiences. Video games have been seen as the cause of violence for decades, especially those that incorporate scenes of graphic violence...
As a counseling student who provides services at a counseling internship placement site, the most difficult type of client would be the ones with criminal records. The main issues are the fact that it is necessary to ensure anonymity, where the given category of a client might reveal something troublesome....
Article Summary People have basic needs, the satisfaction of which is the ground for their health, well-being, and personal development. Miner et al. (2013) consider the basic psychological needs defined within self determination theory (SDT) and God as a figure of a significant other that can help meet these needs....
Interpersonal relationships need maximum determination to nurture and sustain, and they are regarded as a connection between people. For relationships to last, there has to be constant communication between the parties involved. However, some problems usually arise inside interpersonal communication, and in my case, that problem is grief. Being present...
The idiomatic concept of “rooting for the underdog” refers to a social psychological situation in which a person or group of people shows a preference for a hero who has little chance of winning the competition. Underdog can be understood in the broadest and most unwoven sense of the concept....
