Introduction Bereavement is one of the most painful human losses, which may result in negative emotions such as anger, bitterness, and a decline in the well-being of the bereaved. According to the notion of meaning-reconstruction theory, bereavement is characterized by a continuing quest for an answer to a loss (Barak...
Self-talks are dialogues that happen in individuals’ thoughts and are influenced by the subconscious mind. Self-motivation plays a vital role in revealing a person’s views, questions, ideas, and, most importantly, beliefs. Athletes use them as a cognitive method of influencing or inducing judgments, behaviors, and feelings. As such, self-encouragement can...
Introduction The universality of emotional facial expressions is drawn from psychological, biological, and social perspectives. Emotions assume a critical role in both psychiatric treatment and general experiences among human beings. Despite this enormous significance in illness and health, no studies have achieved a nexus about the constructs of emotional encounters....
Abstract The writing aims to review the book “The Power of Habit” by Charles Duwigg and explains the author’s perspective about human habits. The review states the method of behavior change as explained by Charles Duwigg, where he discusses the process of habit building and the methods that addicts might...
The process of formation of one’s psychological identity and personhood has long fascinated scientists in multiple areas of research. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development (1950) include the dichotomies of trust and mistrust, autonomy and doubt, initiative and guilt, industry and inferiority, identity and confusion, intimacy and isolation, generosity and stagnation,...
Main points Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality and development states that specific body parts are sensitive to sexual or erotic stimulation during the childhood development phases. For example, the mouth, anus, and genital regions are sensitive to sexual stimulation. Therefore, the different phases of sexual stimulation in childhood include...
Introduction I interviewed Diego (21 years) over the phone, Scott (50) via Skype because of his busy schedule, and Jerry (76) face to face. Diego is in early adulthood, Scott is in middle adulthood, and Jerry is in late adulthood. Interview I (Diego-21 Years) Diego wanted to be a cardiologist...
Introduction One of the common problems in any kind of professional work field is the fear of public speaking. Despite all the high-level qualifications and university degrees, they are all become useless when it comes to the presentation in front of a group of people. The person can be so...
Introduction People interpret life differently; what constitutes a good life may be unsatisfying to another. From birth to death, people’s needs and preferences change, changing one’s perception of a good life. Sometimes, people fail to understand why they live and what they want, leading to desperation. Some elements of a...
Brief description of the paper This paper aims to give a critical review of the design, purpose, and theories used in writing the scholarly journal titled: Positive Psychology of Malaysian University Students: Impacts of Engagement, Drive, Self-Empathy, and Well-being on Mental Stability. It gives an insight into the extent to...
Maslow’s theory is a famous approach for measuring human needs. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 and had a fascinating scholarly career. He studied psychology and appreciated the works of prominent philosophers such as Plato, Baruch Spinoza, and other figures. He had a lot of practical experience, including working with...
Introduction Person-centered theory (PCT) entails an approach to human nature and development that is considered to be the most strength-oriented and optimistic than any other theory. It is focused on the client and entails a humanistic approach associated with the various ways in which individuals consciously see themselves. Therefore, the...
Methods of Establishing Reliability in Psychology Table 1. Methods of Establishing Reliability in Psychology with Brief Descriptions. Method of Establishing Reliability Description Alternate forms reliability This approach to reliability involves checking the consistency of the results of the alternate versions of one instrument. High consistency allows making conclusions about the...
Introduction One of the most non-obvious issues that is rarely discussed by public or academic critics is the need for pastoral care. While society is accustomed to providing quality care and maintaining an adequate level of supportive living for vulnerable members of society, this rarely extends to the clergy. The...
Human emotions, both simple and complex, govern people in their everyday choices, both personal and professional. Certain people are not ready and immediately lose themselves in bed cards, but I would argue that this is not worth the persecution. The emotions in question have a lot in common with strong...
The concept of leadership can be understood as quite multifaceted and transforming over generations. The leader as a whole is a figure capable of leading other people, a kind of shepherd if one can draw an analogy from Christian imagery. The culture of modern mankind seems to be both extremely...
All of us are familiar with the ‘Inner Critic’ who resides within our minds and interferes in possibly every decision we deliver. Sometimes we consider her/him as a friend as she/he allows us to improve and become a better version of ourselves. However, unfortunately, most of the time, the inner...
Lundh’s (2021) article, “Persons and genes. Are a gene-centered evolutionary psychology compatible with a person-oriented approach to psychological science?” compares two major theoretical frameworks in contemporary psychology. One is the array of person-oriented approaches focusing on the holistic study of individuals, and another is evolutionary psychology focused on transferring genes...
Several attributions biases in psychology can be applied to sport, including self-serving, action bias, and so-called “hot hand.” The self-serving bias is associated with accepting credit for success while blaming external factors and circumstances or others for failure. For instance, players of a football team take credit for the match...
The MARS Individual Behavior Model is a model that seeks to develop individual behavior as a result of a combination of internal and external factors or influences. The name itself is an abbreviation of personal motivation, abilities, role perception, and situational factors. Motivation can be described as internal forces that...
Summary The given paper will primarily focus on the career path of the radiographer and the implications of future career-related changes in regard to technology and certifications required for qualification. The identified career path is a radiography professional who uses imaging technology to create and take images of a patient’s...
Langston Hughes is a brilliant poet and prose writer, an innovator, and a revolutionary in literature. A leading force in the Harlem Renaissance, a scholar, activist, and black man who spoke shamelessly and proudly about his experience of racism in a still heavily segregated America. His “colleague,” Zainul Abedin, is...
Over the last several years, meditation has become one of the most widespread forms of mental health activities. Its popularity has grown with the invention of different apps and online platforms easily accessible to a broad audience to practice meditation. Indeed, meditation provides numerous benefits at relatively low financial and...
Remaining optimistic in the contemporary environment can be especially vital for overcoming numerous challenges. Although various negative experiences inevitably occur throughout an individual’s life, maintaining a positive outlook for the future might considerably increase one’s mental resilience. In the process of decision-making, people might refer to their most positive expectations,...
Studying the processes of child development, the researcher is inevitably faced with several fundamental questions, including what leaves a more significant mark on the character: nature or nurture? On the one hand, the English philosopher John Locke believed that the environment and upbringing play a huge role, and intrinsic factors...
It is important to note that reflective practice can be a critical measure for the continuous improvement of one’s professional capabilities and competence. It is stated that “Nursing education has welcomed the idea of reflection as a valuable tool to assist nursing students in learning from practice,” and “likewise, reflection...
Since the very beginning of human nature, people had significantly evolved in most parts of their lives. However, with the physical and mental evolution, their wishes and preferences were nonetheless influencing their living. As a result, one of the most recognized and powerful psychologists, Abraham Maslow, introduced the conception of...
Power has been acknowledged as a significant motivating factor in relationships among individuals. In social psychology, it has been described as the relative ability of an individual to modify other peoples’ situations by issuing or withholding rewards or meting out punishments (Brinol et al., 2007). There exist limited methods of...
One important idea that has to be pointed out about the so-called Black psychology is that the ideas of Dr. Joseph L. White have been pushed in order to make Black people realize their strengths and focus on positive thinking. Interpersonal interactions were deemed vital for the community because communal...
Power is the ability of an individual to greatly influence the occurrence of an event and have control over the outcome of the event. Powerful individuals are mostly characterized as individuals who always want the outcome of a particular event to favor them. This has resulted in the majority of...
The loss of a loved one is an animal that unpacks our fears and sorrow and makes life look meaningless. Death can significantly change who we are and may as well make us appear or feel lost. Therefore, this is a devastating experience that leaves people grieving. Grieving is finding...
Introduction There are multiple beliefs regarding the contributors to character development. The order in which children are born is among the uncontrollable variables speculated to have profound influences on personality. Birth order is supposed to create situations in which one is exposed to specific conflicts and issues because of being...
Introduction The problem of narcissism has received attention in the clinical psychological and psychotherapeutic literature. This interest is related to the contemporary cultural situation and social priorities that encourage individualism, purposefulness, confidence, and independence. Modern people are preoccupied with self-understanding, self-affirmation, and self-reflection. The flip side – the “dark” side...
Introduction The increase in violent behavior among youth and children under the influence of a more intensified exposure to violent video games has been a persistent concern in academic circles, educational environments, and families. Literature on the topic provides evidence for disruptive anti-social behaviors characterized by violence and aggression and...
Introduction The effects that video games supposedly have on the psychological development of young people has been the focus of close attention and growing concerns of parents and general audiences. Video games have been seen as the cause of violence for decades, especially those that incorporate scenes of graphic violence...
Article Summary People have basic needs, the satisfaction of which is the ground for their health, well-being, and personal development. Miner et al. (2013) consider the basic psychological needs defined within self determination theory (SDT) and God as a figure of a significant other that can help meet these needs....
Introduction Human nature, namely the awareness of oneself, the essence and principles of “self,” has been of interest to humanity since ancient times. Over time, the fundamental concepts of self-awareness and its nature have changed in accordance with the development of the sciences. Namely, medicine, psychology, and philosophy, because this...
In recent years, success, leadership, and achieving outstanding results in a career have been associated with a developed emotional intelligence. It turns out that mental intelligence, deep knowledge, and effort are not enough to achieve significant results at work. Emotional intelligence is the reverse side of rational intelligence, the ability...
It is hard to disagree that nowadays, numerous factors affect people every day, not allowing men and women to live their lives as they truly want. From an early age, girls and boys are imposed on gender-specific behaviors and stereotyped prohibitions and limits. They are forced to evaluate themselves and...
In general, it is absolutely normal for people to experience anxiety during their lives, especially in challenging or emotional situations. However, continuous, strong, and unreasonable anxiety may lead to serious mental health disorders that impact relationships with other people (Bandelow, Michaelis, & Wedekind, 2017). From the personal perspective, anxiety may...
Evidence that heredity plays a significant role in personality development is compelling, and it must be considered in any biological explanation of individual variations. According to Carver and Scheier (2017), a complex biological entity produces human behavior. For example, some of my personality traits are similar to those of my...
Introduction Today’s world is a place where each person is constantly facing new challenges. New problems arise in everyone’s life, and it is impossible to stop this process entirely. Resilience determines the person’s ability to withstand stresses, which is why developing this trait is crucial for everyone. The most effective...
Intervening at Different Levels of Organizations Community psychology is the field firmly focused on enhancing people’s lives in various settings, namely: organizations, society, groups of people, or on an individual level. However, the experts need to follow basic rules of intervention on different levels to achieve fruitful outcomes for their...
Introduction Human life is one of the paramount values, but it does not necessarily mean that it receives the respect it deserves. One may argue that contemporary American society leaves much to be desired in this respect, especially when it comes to families. As the place where respect for life...
Executive Summary To study the connection between mental well-being, self-efficacy, and personal growth, researchers used three scales namely; Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Personal Growth Initiative. The study has questions and hypotheses that are used to drive the elements that would lead to a justifiable conclusion....
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) This paper presents an evaluation of the Minnesota multiphasic personal inventory – Second edition (MMPI-2). First of all, an outline of test evaluation (OTE) is provided, which describes the key features of the test. Based on the data obtained, a review of the advantages and...
Happiness is an elusive concept as being happy means various things to different people. In this exercise, five people were asked questions about happiness. Specifically, they were asked if they were happy, if they were living “the good life,” and whether they wanted to make any changes to their lives....
The phenomenon of generalization of the stimulus occurs when a specific reaction that was to the previous stimulus occurs on the following similar. This is practically explained when parents teach their children colors and shapes. Then infants can remember what a red triangle looks like and, as a result, distinguish...
Introduction As man goes along in his journey on earth, he encounters different colours of the rainbow which can be ignored at times, but which are a great influence on his activities and behaviour. Colour does not only shape our perception of things but our activities and human relationships. Colour...
How psychological factors impact dealing with health, behavior, and chronic illness Human overall health and the attitudes toward it are driven by a multitude of factors, among which the psychological ones play a significant role. While human tendency to inherit particular diseases or health particularities is validated by biological factors,...
Persuasion has become an important part of modern life. It is used to achieve goals and desires and can be intentional. However, people tend to use different methods and approaches to get similar results. Persuasive tools, practices, and skills are used, learned, and trained by some people to perform specific...
Summary Many people are not aware of their personalities and characteristics. In turn, it has led to an increase in the number of people struggling to accept themselves and live better lives. Self-awareness has helped in many different ways. It has enabled me to be better at decision-making by knowing...
Introduction Psychological and other aspects of the pandemic are currently the most discussed topic both in the media and among scientists in various fields. The pandemic contributes to the manifestation of destructive mental reactions in healthy people, including anxiety, fear, phobia, obsession, and depression, as well as a distorted perception...
Introduction Crisis intervention is a type of psychotherapy practiced mainly in acute, dangerous situations such as drug overdose, suicide attempts, and episodes of major depression. Often this intervention is carried out over the phone or at special centers staffed by paraprofessionals. In a comprehensive sense, it means any activity that...
The reviewed articles were chosen for several reasons. First, they explore different topics in the field of counseling psychology. Second, the articles are recent (published within the last 5 years), and they provide current information on the topics covered. Third, they are a mixture of both scientific studies and professional...
Introduction The report specifies the hypotheses that facets explain variances in crystallized and fluid intelligence better than domains do and that personality traits are more strongly related to crystallized than to fluid intelligence. The Big Five framework is used as a rationale to justify the offered ideas based on past...
Intersectionality is an identity concept that acknowledges the multidimensionality and complexity of people’s lives. This concept theorizes that the social oppression experienced by individuals emerges from an intersection of different oppressive identities and social inequalities instead of singular sidelined identities (Rai et al. 2). Rai et al. propose that institutions,...
Background Nikola Tesla is supposed to be more of a legend than a man, but people evaluate his personality through warped and distorted lenses. His fascinating scientific inventions and works were studied and assessed elaborately and meticulously. No one questions the epochal value of these electric inventions because the sphere...
Psychological egoism is one of the most discussed issues of all time. Philosophers, sociologists, cultural figures, and eminent scholars attempt to reveal the reasons for the egoistic nature of humans, explain its necessity, or in the opposite, its negative influence on society. This essay will examine the rationale under the...
The concept of “personality” was developed in order to understand the social nature of a person. It is the most complex mental structure in which biological and social factors are inextricably linked. Interference in this structure, influences on balance and interaction, will necessarily affect the personality, both as a whole,...
According to the website’s Today in the History of Psychology database, April 5, 1898, was the date when Morton Prince, clinical psychologist, made a first successful attempt to hypnotize his patient in frames of treatment (Koch, 2020). It was Sally Beauchamp, a person later supposed to have three independent personalities....
Personality examinations are evaluations that offer an understanding of vital evidence about contenders, such as their character, morals, and effort predilections. Behavior tests target to contact features of an individual’s temperament that stay stable across circumstances, denoted as their personality. Disposition is assumed as an assembly of responsive, thought, and...
Everyone has particular values, beliefs, and attitudes developed throughout the course of their lives. The primary factors contributing to how people perceive the world include friends, family, community, and personal experiences. From working experiences, people can interact with vulnerable individuals or those living with unacceptable behavior. Additionally, different moods affect...
There are various causes of stress, and they predominantly include troubles and challenges, which require significant efforts to cope with them. As for me, I notice difficulties with money, relationship conflicts, significant losses of close people and material things, betrayals, and drastic and unexpected changes in my life. These days,...
Introduction The construct of “propensity to commit a crime” refers to an individual’s likelihood to engage in unlawful behavior at any point in their lives. Understanding which opinions held by individuals are linked to their willingness to commit a crime may help the media, government and social workers to approach...
Self-confidence is a virtue linked to everything people want in life, like success at work, good relationships, a positive sense of self, and happiness. With the help of the Self Confidence Workbook, readers are able to build confidence and accomplish their dreams by developing their self-esteem. Readers understand why self-confidence...
This case tells the story of a day in the life of Emmett Taylor who works as an operations manager in a bottling company. When the storm prevents the normal function of the factory and delays supplies, Taylor suffers from stress (Behfar & Bodily, 2015). His frustration is caused by...
When service dogs are used by the police or to help people with disabilities, their presence in social spaces is not disputable. When they are used to providing psychological help to people with psychological illnesses, their role becomes less obvious. Other assistance dogs, such as therapy and emotional support dogs,...
Introduction Singlehood refers to a situation of being unmarried or not involving relationships based on intimacy. The categories of singles include voluntary temporary singles, younger individuals who have never been married, and divorced people delaying marriage and remarriage (Himawan et al., 2018). The second is voluntary permanent singles, and these...
Psychology is relatively modern science, which offers various controversial studies, yet it has already proven to be valuable and beneficial as a theoretical science and in practice. As the establishment of that modern science continues, distinct studies, coming from people with opposing views are emerging. Two main approaches that represent...
Without self-exploration, the counselor could project their problems and stress onto their clients. Helpers need to recognize the impact of working with suffering individuals on their mental state. They must be aware of their inner reactions and learn to overcome their pain constructively in order to be effective in their...
People experience different challenges that require them to act ethically and ensure that other individuals are protected. The four types of courage defined by psychologist Rollo Maya and examined by Karen Cox show the importance of different kinds of courage. These four aspects are physical, social, moral, and creative courage....
With the advent of microtechnology and the Internet, cell phones evolved into efficient and indispensable assistances in people’s daily lives. Individuals may use it to access information, connect with other people everywhere and anytime, or as entertainment by playing games or scrolling social media. Nevertheless, excessive use of smartphones and...
The big five model factors of personality are significant as they relate to the daily experiences of people. The five factors originated with Odbert and Allport in the late 1930s after which they spread across cultures (Han & Pistole, 2017). Among the five factors, openness is the most significant personality...
This work describes morality as the main component of modern society. It is an integral part of it, as it regulates order and interpersonal relations. In addition, the article describes rationalizations, justifications, and distractions that are tools for hiding the truth. People suppress the truth for various reasons, and often...
Nowadays, due to the fast pace of life and omnipresence of technology and digital entertainment media, it is hard to slow down, take a deep breath and just enjoy the present moment. Those were my first thoughts when I received the assignment. Being reminded of the importance of spirituality in...
Jung Typology Carl Jung, a psychiatrist from Switzerland, invented the Jung typology which has become very popular. The theory suggests that persons have characteristics determined by four preferences. Additionally, the Jung typology describes various psychological functions, including sensing, feeling, thinking, and perceiving. Personality tests can be determined through multiple assessments,...
Personality Disorder is a long-term pattern of how someone feels, thinks, and behaves, which causes problems or distress from what culture expects. This disorder can be inherited or influenced by the environment or experiences. It affects how one response emotionally, relates with others or thinks about themselves and others (Kramer,...
Love is an emotion in which individuals are bound and devoted. From the standpoint of evolutionary psychology, love developed so that children’s parents could live together long enough to achieve their sexual maturity. According to Good Therapy (2020), “love is complex. A mix of emotions, behaviors, and beliefs associated with...
The subjects related to personality psychology are currently of significant interest for both scholarly and non-scholarly writers. The content published on various information websites often refers to the relationship between personality traits and achievable levels of welfare and happiness. The article “Does your personality predict your happiness?” by Greater Good...
Introduction Undoubtedly, origins, heredity, and the strengths invested in education influence a person’s ability to succeed in adulthood. At the same time, success in life is affected by a unique combination of intellectual capacity and emotional sensitivity, where one’s feelings and desires are not used destructively but to achieve long-term...
The development of a person throughout his life is closely related to concepts such as continuity (quality) and discontinuity (quantity) (Lerner, 2018). Moreover, the author states that this issue is one of the main problems of the psychology of personality development, the subject of lengthy scientific disputes. Continuity is interpreted...
Introduction For this paper, I have chosen to compare and contrast two prevalent theories of Personality: the Social Cognitive Theory and the Trait Theory. To kick things off, I would like to ask the question, what are theories of personality and why are they important? Before Psychology experts began doing...
Cogsdill, E. J., Todorov, A. T., Spelke, E. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2014). Inferring character from faces. Psychological Science, 25(5), 1132-1139. The study focuses on the relation between facial appearance and its effects on social judgments. The researchers conducted two experiments on how adults and children aged 3 to...
For more than ten years, there has been an increase in Google searches for circumstances dealing with empathy. The War for Kindness by Jamil Zaki describes empathy and how an individual can increase it. The author opens the article by showing that for most people, empathy is a result of...
Calm is not just a character trait; it is a skill that can be learned. A person consciously decides at what moment they need to calm down a little, distract themselves from the eternal rush, and when to pay attention to what is happening to him at the moment. Thanks...
Introduction Being Your Best Self decision-making process is an essential element for all people who live in modern societies and want to be treated fairly and equally. Becoming a person who aspires to be their best self can be difficult since it implies rejecting certain habits which previously negatively affected...
A person often does not perceive their appearance and personality as a whole. People do not notice the relationship between their body and character because they do not focus on it. This article talks about how a person’s appearance affects their worldview, political views, and character. Some theories explain the...
Critical thinking is the intellectual process of skillfully and actively conceptualizing, analyzing, applying, and synthesizing information gathered, generated, or experienced to guide action. Critical thinking is a systematic process that involves interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation (Rathus, 2020). The performance requires one to ask questions to clarify the...
The Big Five is a set of core characteristics of personality, which are highly useful in assessing one’s essential drivers of behavioral patterns. It is important to note that it is comprised of five components, such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. One might argue that although all core...
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who has been praised for his co-founding positive psychology, was among the first people to identify and study the practice and art of flow. It is represented by the best level of performance that is accessible to people, with work and creativity ‘flowing out’ of them without much...
Stress refers to the demand that an organism faces to cope with particular changes. Rathus (2020) states that stress is both healthful and fundamental to keep people alert and engaged, but extreme conditions lead to mood swings, apart from impairing the body’s wellbeing. Personal habits, stress, and health interact in...
When faced with difficult or unpleasant thoughts, impulses, memories, or feelings, the brain initiates unconscious psychological responses, known as defense mechanisms. These reactive mental processes help the mind arrive at compromise solutions to conflict situations that it cannot resolve. The operations modify and disguise the content of the brain and...
Introduction Gift-giving is an essential component of social life that may or may not involve reciprocity. Gifts are services or goods given to someone by another person or a group as part of a formal event such as a birthday or Christmas (De Hooge, 2017). Gifts can also be given...
An individual is distinguished from another through personality differences, which indicates how a person thinks, acts, and behaves. Sigmund Freud was a successful psychologist concerned with the study of human psychology, and he suggested that personality is influenced by unconscious, conscious, and preconscious mental processes. In the conscious phase, humans...
Summary In 2016, Abdollahi et al. published a study revolving around the role of hardiness in relieving stress among undergraduate students, which was published in the Journal of Health Psychology. Stress is commonly recognized as an obstacle to problem-solving skills, which undoubtedly affects the process of learning. Undergraduate students often...
Introduction Eric Erikson, an ego psychologist, expanded Freud’s theory to develop his psychosocial development theory. Eight stages make up his theory, right from infancy to maturity. He added three extra steps from Freud’s psychosexual theory. Generally, he emphasized the importance of culture in motivations and parenting practices and described the...
I have visited the Catholic Church in the neighboring city, which is mainly visited by people of Latin origin. It was a religious service named mass and had many rituals and prayers which contemplated different saints of Christianity. Latinos are the greatest wellspring of the Catholic places of worship in...
Introduction One significant topic in humanities and social sciences, especially in psychology and anthropology, is the notion of person. Terms such as self and individual have also been used with varying success either separately or as a set to include cross-cultural perspectives of experience and human action. In various societies,...
