Introduction Human life is one of the paramount values, but it does not necessarily mean that it receives the respect it deserves. One may argue that contemporary American society leaves much to be desired in this respect, especially when it comes to families. As the place where respect for life...
Executive Summary To study the connection between mental well-being, self-efficacy, and personal growth, researchers used three scales namely; Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Personal Growth Initiative. The study has questions and hypotheses that are used to drive the elements that would lead to a justifiable conclusion....
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) This paper presents an evaluation of the Minnesota multiphasic personal inventory – Second edition (MMPI-2). First of all, an outline of test evaluation (OTE) is provided, which describes the key features of the test. Based on the data obtained, a review of the advantages and...
Happiness is an elusive concept as being happy means various things to different people. In this exercise, five people were asked questions about happiness. Specifically, they were asked if they were happy, if they were living “the good life,” and whether they wanted to make any changes to their lives....
The phenomenon of generalization of the stimulus occurs when a specific reaction that was to the previous stimulus occurs on the following similar. This is practically explained when parents teach their children colors and shapes. Then infants can remember what a red triangle looks like and, as a result, distinguish...
Introduction As man goes along in his journey on earth, he encounters different colours of the rainbow which can be ignored at times, but which are a great influence on his activities and behaviour. Colour does not only shape our perception of things but our activities and human relationships. Children...
How psychological factors impact dealing with health, behavior, and chronic illness Human overall health and the attitudes toward it are driven by a multitude of factors, among which the psychological ones play a significant role. While human tendency to inherit particular diseases or health particularities is validated by biological factors,...
Persuasion has become an important part of modern life. It is used to achieve goals and desires and can be intentional. However, people tend to use different methods and approaches to get similar results. Persuasive tools, practices, and skills are used, learned, and trained by some people to perform specific...
Summary Many people are not aware of their personalities and characteristics. In turn, it has led to an increase in the number of people struggling to accept themselves and live better lives. Self-awareness has helped in many different ways. It has enabled me to be better at decision-making by knowing...
Introduction Psychological and other aspects of the pandemic are currently the most discussed topic both in the media and among scientists in various fields. The pandemic contributes to the manifestation of destructive mental reactions in healthy people, including anxiety, fear, phobia, obsession, and depression, as well as a distorted perception...
Introduction Crisis intervention is a type of psychotherapy practiced mainly in acute, dangerous situations such as drug overdose, suicide attempts, and episodes of major depression. Often this intervention is carried out over the phone or at special centers staffed by paraprofessionals. In a comprehensive sense, it means any activity that...
The reviewed articles were chosen for several reasons. First, they explore different topics in the field of counseling psychology. Second, the articles are recent (published within the last 5 years), and they provide current information on the topics covered. Third, they are a mixture of both scientific studies and professional...
Introduction The report specifies the hypotheses that facets explain variances in crystallized and fluid intelligence better than domains do and that personality traits are more strongly related to crystallized than to fluid intelligence. The Big Five framework is used as a rationale to justify the offered ideas based on past...
Intersectionality is an identity concept that acknowledges the multidimensionality and complexity of people’s lives. This concept theorizes that the social oppression experienced by individuals emerges from an intersection of different oppressive identities and social inequalities instead of singular sidelined identities (Rai et al. 2). Rai et al. propose that institutions,...
Background Nikola Tesla is supposed to be more of a legend than a man, but people evaluate his personality through warped and distorted lenses. His fascinating scientific inventions and works were studied and assessed elaborately and meticulously. No one questions the epochal value of these electric inventions because the sphere...
Psychological egoism is one of the most discussed issues of all time. Philosophers, sociologists, cultural figures, and eminent scholars attempt to reveal the reasons for the egoistic nature of humans, explain its necessity, or in the opposite, its negative influence on society. This essay will examine the rationale under the...
The concept of “personality” was developed in order to understand the social nature of a person. It is the most complex mental structure in which biological and social factors are inextricably linked. Interference in this structure, influences on balance and interaction, will necessarily affect the personality, both as a whole,...
According to the website’s Today in the History of Psychology database, April 5, 1898, was the date when Morton Prince, clinical psychologist, made a first successful attempt to hypnotize his patient in frames of treatment (Koch, 2020). It was Sally Beauchamp, a person later supposed to have three independent personalities....
Personality examinations are evaluations that offer an understanding of vital evidence about contenders, such as their character, morals, and effort predilections. Behavior tests target to contact features of an individual’s temperament that stay stable across circumstances, denoted as their personality. Disposition is assumed as an assembly of responsive, thought, and...
Everyone has particular values, beliefs, and attitudes developed throughout the course of their lives. The primary factors contributing to how people perceive the world include friends, family, community, and personal experiences. From working experiences, people can interact with vulnerable individuals or those living with unacceptable behavior. Additionally, different moods affect...
There are various causes of stress, and they predominantly include troubles and challenges, which require significant efforts to cope with them. As for me, I notice difficulties with money, relationship conflicts, significant losses of close people and material things, betrayals, and drastic and unexpected changes in my life. These days,...
Introduction The construct of “propensity to commit a crime” refers to an individual’s likelihood to engage in unlawful behavior at any point in their lives. Understanding which opinions held by individuals are linked to their willingness to commit a crime may help the media, government and social workers to approach...
Self-confidence is a virtue linked to everything people want in life, like success at work, good relationships, a positive sense of self, and happiness. With the help of the Self Confidence Workbook, readers are able to build confidence and accomplish their dreams by developing their self-esteem. Readers understand why self-confidence...
This case tells the story of a day in the life of Emmett Taylor who works as an operations manager in a bottling company. When the storm prevents the normal function of the factory and delays supplies, Taylor suffers from stress (Behfar & Bodily, 2015). His frustration is caused by...
When service dogs are used by the police or to help people with disabilities, their presence in social spaces is not disputable. When they are used to providing psychological help to people with psychological illnesses, their role becomes less obvious. Other assistance dogs, such as therapy and emotional support dogs,...
Introduction Singlehood refers to a situation of being unmarried or not involving relationships based on intimacy. The categories of singles include voluntary temporary singles, younger individuals who have never been married, and divorced people delaying marriage and remarriage (Himawan et al., 2018). The second is voluntary permanent singles, and these...
Psychology is relatively modern science, which offers various controversial studies, yet it has already proven to be valuable and beneficial as a theoretical science and in practice. As the establishment of that modern science continues, distinct studies, coming from people with opposing views are emerging. Two main approaches that represent...
Without self-exploration, the counselor could project their problems and stress onto their clients. Helpers need to recognize the impact of working with suffering individuals on their mental state. They must be aware of their inner reactions and learn to overcome their pain constructively in order to be effective in their...
People experience different challenges that require them to act ethically and ensure that other individuals are protected. The four types of courage defined by psychologist Rollo Maya and examined by Karen Cox show the importance of different kinds of courage. These four aspects are physical, social, moral, and creative courage....
With the advent of microtechnology and the Internet, cell phones evolved into efficient and indispensable assistances in people’s daily lives. Individuals may use it to access information, connect with other people everywhere and anytime, or as entertainment by playing games or scrolling social media. Nevertheless, excessive use of smartphones and...
The big five model factors of personality are significant as they relate to the daily experiences of people. The five factors originated with Odbert and Allport in the late 1930s after which they spread across cultures (Han & Pistole, 2017). Among the five factors, openness is the most significant personality...
This work describes morality as the main component of modern society. It is an integral part of it, as it regulates order and interpersonal relations. In addition, the article describes rationalizations, justifications, and distractions that are tools for hiding the truth. People suppress the truth for various reasons, and often...
Nowadays, due to the fast pace of life and omnipresence of technology and digital entertainment media, it is hard to slow down, take a deep breath and just enjoy the present moment. Those were my first thoughts when I received the assignment. Being reminded of the importance of spirituality in...
Jung Typology Carl Jung, a psychiatrist from Switzerland, invented the Jung typology which has become very popular. The theory suggests that persons have characteristics determined by four preferences. Additionally, the Jung typology describes various psychological functions, including sensing, feeling, thinking, and perceiving. Personality tests can be determined through multiple assessments,...
Personality Disorder is a long-term pattern of how someone feels, thinks, and behaves, which causes problems or distress from what culture expects. This disorder can be inherited or influenced by the environment or experiences. It affects how one response emotionally, relates with others or thinks about themselves and others (Kramer,...
Love is an emotion in which individuals are bound and devoted. From the standpoint of evolutionary psychology, love developed so that children’s parents could live together long enough to achieve their sexual maturity. According to Good Therapy (2020), “love is complex. A mix of emotions, behaviors, and beliefs associated with...
The subjects related to personality psychology are currently of significant interest for both scholarly and non-scholarly writers. The content published on various information websites often refers to the relationship between personality traits and achievable levels of welfare and happiness. The article “Does your personality predict your happiness?” by Greater Good...
Introduction Undoubtedly, origins, heredity, and the strengths invested in education influence a person’s ability to succeed in adulthood. At the same time, success in life is affected by a unique combination of intellectual capacity and emotional sensitivity, where one’s feelings and desires are not used destructively but to achieve long-term...
The development of a person throughout his life is closely related to concepts such as continuity (quality) and discontinuity (quantity) (Lerner, 2018). Moreover, the author states that this issue is one of the main problems of the psychology of personality development, the subject of lengthy scientific disputes. Continuity is interpreted...
Introduction For this paper, I have chosen to compare and contrast two prevalent theories of Personality: the Social Cognitive Theory and the Trait Theory. To kick things off, I would like to ask the question, what are theories of personality and why are they important? Before Psychology experts began doing...
Cogsdill, E. J., Todorov, A. T., Spelke, E. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2014). Inferring character from faces. Psychological Science, 25(5), 1132-1139. The study focuses on the relation between facial appearance and its effects on social judgments. The researchers conducted two experiments on how adults and children aged 3 to...
For more than ten years, there has been an increase in Google searches for circumstances dealing with empathy. The War for Kindness by Jamil Zaki describes empathy and how an individual can increase it. The author opens the article by showing that for most people, empathy is a result of...
Calm is not just a character trait; it is a skill that can be learned. A person consciously decides at what moment they need to calm down a little, distract themselves from the eternal rush, and when to pay attention to what is happening to him at the moment. Thanks...
Introduction Being Your Best Self decision-making process is an essential element for all people who live in modern societies and want to be treated fairly and equally. Becoming a person who aspires to be their best self can be difficult since it implies rejecting certain habits which previously negatively affected...
A person often does not perceive their appearance and personality as a whole. People do not notice the relationship between their body and character because they do not focus on it. This article talks about how a person’s appearance affects their worldview, political views, and character. Some theories explain the...
Critical thinking is the intellectual process of skillfully and actively conceptualizing, analyzing, applying, and synthesizing information gathered, generated, or experienced to guide action. Critical thinking is a systematic process that involves interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation (Rathus, 2020). The performance requires one to ask questions to clarify the...
The Big Five is a set of core characteristics of personality, which are highly useful in assessing one’s essential drivers of behavioral patterns. It is important to note that it is comprised of five components, such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. One might argue that although all core...
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who has been praised for his co-founding positive psychology, was among the first people to identify and study the practice and art of flow. It is represented by the best level of performance that is accessible to people, with work and creativity ‘flowing out’ of them without much...
Stress refers to the demand that an organism faces to cope with particular changes. Rathus (2020) states that stress is both healthful and fundamental to keep people alert and engaged, but extreme conditions lead to mood swings, apart from impairing the body’s wellbeing. Personal habits, stress, and health interact in...
When faced with difficult or unpleasant thoughts, impulses, memories, or feelings, the brain initiates unconscious psychological responses, known as defense mechanisms. These reactive mental processes help the mind arrive at compromise solutions to conflict situations that it cannot resolve. The operations modify and disguise the content of the brain and...
Introduction Gift-giving is an essential component of social life that may or may not involve reciprocity. Gifts are services or goods given to someone by another person or a group as part of a formal event such as a birthday or Christmas (De Hooge, 2017). Gifts can also be given...
An individual is distinguished from another through personality differences, which indicates how a person thinks, acts, and behaves. Sigmund Freud was a successful psychologist concerned with the study of human psychology, and he suggested that personality is influenced by unconscious, conscious, and preconscious mental processes. In the conscious phase, humans...
Summary In 2016, Abdollahi et al. published a study revolving around the role of hardiness in relieving stress among undergraduate students, which was published in the Journal of Health Psychology. Stress is commonly recognized as an obstacle to problem-solving skills, which undoubtedly affects the process of learning. Undergraduate students often...
Introduction Eric Erikson, an ego psychologist, expanded Freud’s theory to develop his psychosocial development theory. Eight stages make up his theory, right from infancy to maturity. He added three extra steps from Freud’s psychosexual theory. Generally, he emphasized the importance of culture in motivations and parenting practices and described the...
I have visited the Catholic Church in the neighboring city, which is mainly visited by people of Latin origin. It was a religious service named mass and had many rituals and prayers which contemplated different saints of Christianity. Latinos are the greatest wellspring of the Catholic places of worship in...
Introduction One significant topic in humanities and social sciences, especially in psychology and anthropology, is the notion of person. Terms such as self and individual have also been used with varying success either separately or as a set to include cross-cultural perspectives of experience and human action. In various societies,...
The analysis of the self involves an assessment of the fundamental understanding of one’s reality and existence. Philosophers from the onset of a wild hunt for the truth have grappled with questions about the society’s composition (Ciaunica and Aikaterini 180). The search proceeds to understand why the world is the...
Childhood life is considered crucial for the health and development of an individual at later ages. The rapid development of the brain from before birth through childhood to adulthood makes childhood a critical stage for an individual. The first eight years of a child are crucial as they lay the...
Individual experiences encountered throughout life might have an incredible impact on a person’s characteristic traits. Events transpiring under particular circumstances form an individual’s future features and beliefs, sometimes altering personal goals and desires. Examining the situations that most considerably influenced one’s personality and shaped their ethos is a significant part...
Introduction Preferences in the desired partner vary significantly both within different cultures, generations, and social circles. Moreover, they tend to shift within one generation over time. There are numerous desired traits, however, some are unique, while others tend to be more prominent within a specific group of people. Physical beauty...
According to Shultz (2020), self-confidence can be measured by two main principles: cognitive and physical confidence. Cognitive self-confidence is the measurement which determines how comfortable the person is with their abilities to think, express their thoughts and feelings, and stand out (Shultz et al., 2020). For example, in social gathering,...
It is impossible to ignore the evidence of the significance of the humanities for the present-day society provided by Nicholas Kristof and Jaweed Kaleem, and I tend to agree with them in the matter. The principal consideration attesting to this stance, which seems one of the most credible facts, is...
In the realm of motivation, Maslow’s pyramid is probably the first thing to come into mind. The well-structured diagram offers a clear perspective on what its creator believes to drive human behavior. That perspective is not unreasonable: hardly anyone would argue that, for instance, extreme hunger does not outweigh career...
Introduction Negative Psychology and Positive Psychology are essential concepts that tend to influence the daily lives of humans. The field of positive psychology is relatively new compared to negative psychology, but its growth has been quite rapid. Negative psychology focuses on human shortcomings, sins, and challenges, with little emphasis being...
Stephen R. Covey provides significant insights into human life, which is governed by various principles. He argues that a principle-centered process helps achieve both interpersonal and personal effectiveness (Covey, 2016). This way, Covey’s approach to organizing a person’s life aligns with the Christian worldview in various ways. For example, despite...
Professional skepticism is an attitude that aims to investigate every aspect of the evidence provided for faults critically. A person who is exercising it does not accept any conclusion immediately, instead looking into the reasoning that led to it and searching for problems. When they find inconsistencies, they begin analyzing...
Abstract This report presents and compares previous studies on the link between subjective well-being and gratitude. Researches found that expression of gratitude increases SWB that further has a positive influence on biological functions. The report is also dedicated to the in-class experiment that used the SWLS scale to measure gratitude...
Suicide is one of the topics that are often discussed in clichés in an attempt to avoid an insensitivity or in a nonetheless pointless endeavor of grasping what makes people take their own lives. However, to confront the problem of suicide and understand what drives people to end their own...
It goes without saying that it is impossible to deny that the development of any human’s personality is not chaotic, and despite its uniqueness, it follows particular principles of formation and is affected by multiple factors. In general, personality may be regarded as the individual’s dynamic organization on the basis...
Abstract Evaluating the connection between personality variables and drinking motives towards predicting drinking behavior is critical towards designing intervention measures. Alcohol use has been vastly examined from a biopsychosocial perspective, in conjunction with variables such as drinking motives and personality aspects. Drinking motives serve as the primary predictor of alcohol...
The article analyzes ways through which individuals and firms can improve motivation at work. According to the author, the work environment is a crucial determinant of the overall level of motivation in an organization as it determines how employees view their work (Souders, 2020). Managers can improve the overall motivation...
Purpose of the Meeting, Key Participants The purpose of the meeting is to explore increasing the number of suicides among soldiers and veterans, the factors contributing to this problem, and strategies for prevention. The key participants of this meeting are five witnesses and experts in the field. Captain Michael Colston...
The topic of this article entitled Personality Characteristics as a function of frequency and type of substance abuse, written by Michael Wolff, and Kathleen Wolff discusses the problem of substance use and abuse and how this tendency could be associated or correlated with types of personalities or possible personality flaws....
It seems reasonable to state that according to a Psychoanalytic frame of reference, all the unconscious aspects that arise from the past have a significant impact on a current state of mind (Counseling Directory, n.d.). Jack considered his mother’s love as the only positive thing within the scope of his...
In the modern world, people pay great attention to issues of psychology. On the one hand, changes in the social order cause numerous psychological problems. On the other hand, people have a vast knowledge of the field of psychology, which allows them to save mental health. One of the significant...
There should be different criteria for mental health based on the age of the person. People of different ages have different symptoms that always translate to different mental conditions. Unfortunately, the psychopathology approach makes assumptions that similar maladaptive or abnormal behaviors are attributable to the same symptoms irrespective of age....
Introduction Psychological theories are useful for understanding individuals at personal and professional levels. These models are critical in facilitating positive progress among individuals facing social difficulties (Saundra et al., 2015). Most importantly, the theories are useful for accurate and relevant decision-making that consistency determines success at distinct levels (Saundra et...
Power is usually discussed in the context of a person’s capacity and desire to influence other people while taking the role of a leader. In his book The 48 Laws of Power, Robert Greene provides a list of laws or principles which can be followed by leaders and persons who...
Introduction The present report presents a description of three individual counseling sessions. The client is Sam, who is 37 years old, single, with no children, unemployed, and homeless. Sam has been homeless for several months due to his loss of employment last year. Sam’s major health problem (and the reason...
Introduction The article called “Assessing the Big Five Personality Traits with Latent Semantic Analysis” by Kwantes, Derbentseva, Lam, Vartanian, and Marmurek (2016) explores whether or not the individuals’ personality features can be evaluated based on the analysis of content and semantics of their written text. The study targets the possibility...
This essay aims to study the personality of George W. Bush, the US president. The study will be conducted on two personality theories namely Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Type Theory) and the Big Five Theory of personality (Trait Theory). The study will first attempt to understand the personality and his background,...
Abraham Maslow contributed significantly to the development of modern approaches in psychology by proposing a completely different perspective of human nature and the tools needed to heal mental problems. In fact, the main difference in Maslow’s approach was the emphasis he put on people’s positive qualities. Thus, the urge to...
The concept of identity has been extensively discussed in modern society. This issue is raised in numerous films, books, video games, and lectures. A self significance is unlikely to be underestimated because people’s distinctive features have influenced how they communicate and interact with each other and build their relationships with...
One of my favorite films is Fight Club, directed by David Fincher in 1999. This film tells about a young man, the narrator, who has insomnia, meets the seller of soap Tyler Durden and together they organize a secret club for men who want to fight (Fincher). The Fight Club...
Jung’s psychological types offer unique insights concerning personality psychology. The psychoanalyst was convinced that consciousness contains different attitudes and functions. First, there are two attitudes, such as extraversion and inversion. Jung believed that if a person is consciously extraverted, their unconscious tendencies are introverted. Extraverted individuals mostly concentrate their attention...
Introduction Compassion fatigue or burnout is a specific problem caregiver usually deal with. Such a problem cannot be called stress as it is not a simple depression. The caregivers that deal with seriously ill people usually face the problem of compassion fatigue when they become indifferent to human pain. This...
In fact, passing the Jung Typology personality test was a mandatory requirement for this assignment, and I should say that it was immeasurably informative and helpful as I have received an excellent opportunity to understand my personality. According to the test’s result, my personality type is Extravert (12%) Sensing (25%)...
Introduction Life is difficult for everyone, even if some have it easier and others have to struggle more than most. Some people have to deal with poverty, many have difficult family relationships, and others still struggle with pressure at work or when studying. It is easy to feel overwhelmed by...
Physical activity and cognitive health are two inseparable concepts. The interdependence is so great that any change in either one will result in an immediate effect on the other. Since ancient times it has been known that physical activity alleviates the symptoms of sadness, grief and more specifically depression. Depression...
Abnormal psychology is referred to as a division of psychology that deals with the remarkable pattern of thought, conduct, and sentiment (Barlow 2004). There are several causes for diverse conditions that have been recognized in the field of abnormal psychology. This field makes use of assorted theories from the field...
Introduction Adolescents are men and women in their transitional age from childhood to youth. Their age bracket is from ten to twenty-two, and it is at this time of their life that they get to realizes themselves. On the other hand, depression is defined as a mental disease or disorder...
Introduction The research by Kristof-Brown et al. (2005) revolved around P.J, P.G, P.O, and P.S fits in the workplace. The study aimed to outline how the individual fits with the various aspects of the work environment. The scholars also analyzed how the work environment influences individuals’ attitudes and behaviors. The...
Dibs in Search of Self represents a true story about a young boy who managed to overcome a psychological problem through play therapy. Teachers are reluctant to engage Dibs in the study because of his reserved and indifferent attitude to learning. However, a series of therapy sessions have managed to...
Abstract Depression is a health problem that is difficult to diagnose. One way to help improve the detection of diagnosis is to use a genogram. This method enables a person to determine the prevalence of a health problem in his or her family tree. Another important framework that can be...
Summary Bereavement can be defined as the psychological process that affects people when they lose someone who is very dear to them (Ollendick & Schroeder, 2012, p. 59). One should keep in mind that these experiences can be familiar to individuals struggling with such difficulties as divorce or severe physical...
Summary People have varied reactions to the loss of loved ones. Diverse terms are used to describe the kind of conditions that people experience after losing their relatives. Some conditions include bereavement, uncomplicated bereavement, grief, complicated grief, and prolonged pain. Other conditions include traumatic grief, disenfranchised grief, primary loss, secondary...
Bereavement Mallon (2008) says that bereavement is the period that a mourner mourns the death of a loved one. It is the normal reaction to the loss or death of a loved one. This period often manifests as an emotional, social or physical event. In extreme cases, it manifests as...
Introduction Personality types denote the psychological categorization of dissimilar kinds of mannerism. They are at times differentiated from personality traits because personality traits represent a smaller group of behavioral inclinations (Kun, Kiss, & Kapitány, 2015). The identification of one’s personality type is used by many, especially in the workplace setting....
Introduction Although so much research has been carried out concerning stress, a concrete definition is yet to be agreed upon (Segerstrom & Miller, 2004). This notwithstanding, stress refers to the reaction of an individual’s body to external conditions (Morrow, 2014). Ostensibly, stress is part of life and can not be...
Introduction The phenomenon of a Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), as it has been called since recently, is one of the most widely known personality disorders. Traditionally defined as “a condition in which a person has two or more distinct identity or personality states, which may...
Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) denotes the capacity to determine, utilize, comprehend, and constructively deal with sentiments to alleviate stress, communicate successfully, sympathize with other people, triumph over challenges, and resolve disagreements. EI influences numerous dissimilar facets of one’s everyday undertakings, for instance, how one acts and the mode of one’s...
Bereavement Bereavement is a time of grief and mourning as a result of the death of a beloved individual or animal (Boelen & van den Bout, 2012). During this period, those affected try to come to terms with their loss. Uncomplicated Bereavement This is the normal process of grieving devoid...
